[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To investigate the effects of long-term aerobic exercise on the heart and sympathetic neural remodeling ( structure and function remodeling) in heart failure rats induced by myocardial infarction.METHODS:Heart failure model after myocardial infarction was performed by ligating anterior descending coronary artery in the Wistar rats. Four weeks after operation, the rats were randomly divided into sham operation sedentary ( S) group, heart failure sedenta-ry ( H) group and heart failure exercise ( HE) group.The animals in HE group underwent 10-week treadmill running, while those in S group and H group were sustained in a resting state.The cardiac structure and function including left ven-tricular internal diameter at diastole ( LVIDd) , left ventricular internal diameter at systole ( LVIDs) , left ventricular anteri-
or wall diameter at diastole (LVAWDd), left ventricular anterior wall diameter at systole (LVAWDs), left ventricular pos-terior wall diameter at diastole ( LVPWDd) and left ventricular posterior wall diameter at systole ( LVPWDs) , and cardiac function parameters including fractional shortening (FS) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were measured by echocardiography.The myocardium was collected for histopathological observation with Masson staining, and the collagen volume fraction ( CVF) was determined.The concentrations of norepinephrine ( NE) in the myocardium and plasma were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography.The frequency domain analysis was applied for determining the heart rate variability (HRV) via subcutaneous recording electrode involving total power (TP), normalized low power (LFn), nor-malized high power ( HFn) and LF/HF ratio.The mRNA expression of collagen type I ( Col-I) , collagen type III ( Col-III) , atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF) ,α-myosin heavy chain (α-MHC) ,β-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC) , sarcoplasmic endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2a) was detected by real-time PCR.The protein levels of nerve growth factor (NGF) and its receptor (TrkA), and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) were measured by Western blotting.RESULTS:(1) Compared with S group, body weight ( BW) , LVIDd, FS, LVEF, TP, HFn, the mRNA expression ofα-MHC and SER-CA2a, and the protein levels of NGF, TrkA and TH decreased (P<0.05).Left ventricular weight (LVW), left ventricu-lar mass index (LVMI), LVAWDd, LVAWDs, LVPWDd, LVPWDs, CVF, plasma and myocardial NE content, LFn, LF/HF, and the mRNA expression of ANF,β-MHC, Col-I and Col-III increased ( P<0.05) in H group.(2) Compared with H group, LVW, LVMI, LVIDd, FS, LVEF, TP, HFn, the mRNA expression ofα-MHC and SERCA2a, and the pro-tein levels of NGF, TrkA and TH were raised (P<0.05), while CVF, plasma and myocardial NE content, LFn, LF/HF, and the mRNA expression of ANF, β-MHC, Col-I and Col-III decreased ( P<0.05 ) in HE group.CONCLUSION:Long-term aerobic exercise training leads to inhibition of heart and sympathetic neural remodeling and improvement of cardi-ac function and autonomic modulation in the rats after myocardial infarction.

Objective To study the expression character of CKMB and cTnI presented in long-time in vitro hypoxic myocardial cells,and provide theoretical consult in understanding the mechanism of highly expressing CKMB and cTnI induced by hypoxia in hearts.Methods The myocardial cells were sampled from newborn Wister mice.Two-step RT-PCR and Western Blotting were applied to detect the consecutive expression variation of HIF-1α and CKMB.cTnI both in the supernatant and inner of incubating cells after 40-minute hypoxia intervention.Results There had CKMB appeared in the supernatant within 15min after hypoxic stimulation.with slow increasing along the time.The intracellular CKMB expression got its peak point within 1h,and then descended.1k intracellular CKMB concentration was significantly higher than that of the supernatant of hypoxic myocardial cells within Omin-24h(P<0.05).The cTnI concentration of supematant steeply increased after 1 5min,reaching the peak point within 24h.The intracellular cTnI concentration reached the peaK point within 45min.The significant differences always existed for the cTnI expression between intra-and extra-myocardial cells within 15min-48h(P<0.05),and their increasing tendencies nearly showed synchronism.The intracellular cTnI concentration was lower than that of supernatant 24h later.Conclusion The single persistent hypoxic stimulation could induce the intensive intracellular expression and delivery of CKMB and cTnI in vitro myocardial cells.and the latter probably was caused by the leakage of cell membrane originally provoked by hypoxia.

Objective To observe the effects of 8-week aerobic exercise on skeletal muscle glycogen content and exercise endurance and investigate the possible mechanism in rats with chronic heart failure. Methods 30 Sprague-Dawley rats were submitted to heart failure sedentary (H) group, heart failure traning (HT) group and sham operation (S) group. The heart failure model was established with coronary artery ligation. HT group performed an 8-week treadmill running. The skeletal muscle glycogen content was determined with anthracenone, exercise endurance with exhaust duration of graded exhausted exercise test, glucose uptake rate, activity of glycogen synthase (GS) and glycogen phosphorylase (GP) with radicisotope, protein expression of total GS, phospho-GS (p-GS), total GP and phospho-GP (p-GP) with Western Blotting. Correlation analysis was conducted between glycogen content and exhaust duration. Results The skeletal muscle glycogen, exhaust duration, glucose uptake rate, GS activity and p-GP protein reduced (P<0.05), while serum insulin, GP activity and p-GS protein raised (P<0.05) in the H group compared with those in the S group. The skeletal muscle glycogen, exhaust duration, glucose uptake rate, GS activity and p-GP protein increased (P<0.05), while serum insulin, GP activity and p-GS protein decreased (P<0.05) in the HT group compared with those in the H group. There was positive correlation between glycogen content and exhaust duration (P<0.05). Conclusion Prolonged aerobic exercise enhanced skeletal muscle glycogen content and exercise endurance in rats with chronic heart failure, which may be related to the improvement of insulin sensitivity, muscle glucose uptake, increase of glycogen synthesis and decrease of glycogen breakdown.

Objective To observe the levels of Ang - 1 and NF-κB in lung tissue and to aseess the severity of ALI induced by phosgene in order to clarify the mechanism of the protective effect of Ang - 1 on phosgene induced ALI.Method Rats were randomly divided into phosgene group and air group.Another rats were randomly (random number) divided into phosgene group,phosgene + PDTC group and air group.Lung tissue was collected to weigh and calculate the wet / dry weight ratio,measure BALF,white blood cell count,total protein and Ang-1 at given time after exposure to phosgene/air and PDTC.The Ang - 1 and NF-κB levels in lung tissue were measured with Western blot and immunohistochemistry.Data were analyzed by using SPSS 16.0 statistical package and comparisons between groups were carried out byusing One-Way ANOVA analysis and LSD -t test,α ＜ 0.05.Results Serum angiopoietin -1 level became lesser within 48 hours after exposure to Phosgene.The severity of ALI became worser with time elapsing.Ccompare with air group,the severity of ALI in phosgene group was worser with time elapsing ( P ＜ 0.05).Compared with phosgene + PDTC group,the serum angiopoietin -1 and arterial oxygen partial pressure in phosgene group were lower ( P ＜ 0.05).The severity of ALI of rats in phosgene group were worser than that in phosgene + PDTC group ( P ＜ 0.05).Serum angiopoietin -1 and partial pressure of oxygen of rats in phosgene group were higher than those in phosgene + PDTC group ( P ＜ 0.05).Immunohistochemistry test showed that the expression of Ang-1 in lung tissue in air group were normal,and Ang-1 in phosgene group were significantly reduced,and Ang-1 in PDTC intervention group was higher than that in phosgene group and lower than that in air group.The above results were confirmed by Western blot test which was consistent with the results of immunohistochemistry test.Similarly,the levels of NF-κB in lung tissue determined by using both Western - blot and immunohistochemistry were consistant,and results of both methods showed that the expression of NF - κB in air group was normal,and it increased in phosgene group,and the expression of NF-κB in phosgene + PDTC group was lower than that in phosgene group.Conclusions The serum level of Ang-1 was decreasing within 48 hours after ALI.Ang-1 was negatively correlated with the sevfity of phosgene induced ALI.Ang-1 likely had an effect on NF-κB signaling pathway,ameliorating the inflammation mediated by cytokines,reducing lung endothelial permeability and in turn lessening the severity of ALI.

Animals ; Aortitis ; pathology ; Biopsy ; Dendritic Cells ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Giant Cell Arteritis ; drug therapy ; etiology ; metabolism ; pathology ; Glucocorticoids ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Interleukin-12 ; metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; Polymyalgia Rheumatica ; pathology ; Temporal Arteries ; pathology

Objective To evaluate the value of clinical findings and different diagnostic criteria for the diagnosis of adult onset Still's disease (AOSD). Methods The AOSD patients admitted to Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University from 2003 to 2009 were enrolled. Non-AOSD patients with fever were selected. Different diagnostic criteria of AOSD were applied to all patients. Two indenpendent samples t test and wilco-xon test were used for statistical analysis. Results The clinical features such as rash, arthralgia, arthroncus, sore throat, myalgia, lymph node enlargement, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, leuko-cytosis, neutrophil ≥80% and serum level of ferrin≥ 2000 ng/ml hadhigher specificity (65.87%~98.41%) with 2.00～5.00 of the positive likelihood ratio.High fever ( ≥39.0℃), negative of ANA and RF had higher sensi-tivity (85.25%~93.65%). Combinations of three parameters such as high fever, rash, sore throat, leukocy-tosis, arthralgia had higher positive likelihood ratio. The specificity of ARA criteria was the highest. The sensitivity and accuracy of Yamaguchi criteria were the highest. Conclusion There is no single parameter that could be specific to the identification of AOSD. Combing with several parameters can improve the diagnostic efficiency. The results of this study have shown that the commonly used diagnostic criteria has high specificity.

Atropine ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Organophosphate Poisoning ; Poisoning ; drug therapy ; Quinuclidines ; therapeutic use

Adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapy are the important therapeutic methods for rectal cancer.Neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy play a crutial role in rectal cancer treatment.New chemotherapy drugs and targeted therapy drugs could further improve the therapeutic effect of rectal cancer.

Objective To observe and evaluate clinical feasibility and efficacy of endoscopic metal stenting and combined radiotherapy in treatment of medium and late stages of esophageal carcinoma. Methods 34 cases of medium and late stages of esophageal carcin oma were treated with endoscopic stent implantation and in combination with sten t and radiotherapy. Evaluation of CES stainless metal stent on rad iation effect, clinical symptom alleviation and complication rates and survival rates in both groups was made. Results 1) CES stainless stent had no effect on radiation dosage distribution; 2) Dysphagia was markedly alleviated in both groups and no differe nce in complication rates was observed between two groups; 3) The survival rates of 6,9,12 months in patients treated with combined therapies were significantly higher than those in simple stent implantation patients. Conclusions Endoscopic metal stenting in combination with radiothe rapy was a feasible and practical management in treating medium and late stages of esophageal carcinoma, which was superior to simple metal stent implantation.