Objective To analyze the clinical features and significance of the samples which the expression of ANA is positive and the expression of anti‐ENA antibody is negative .Methods Detect ANA and anti‐ENA antibody of all the 297 samples by indi‐rect immunofluorescence method and biological chip technology ,repectively .And analyze the fluorescence karyotype of ANA posi‐tive specimens with double‐blind method .Screen the samples which anti‐ENA antibody express negative from ANA positive sam‐ples .Compare and analyze the fluorescent karyotype .Results Of all the 297 samples ,74 cases were positive for ANA ,the positive rate was 24 .9% (74/297) .The majority of patterns were speckled pattern (43 cases ,58 .1% ) ,cytoplasmic granular pattern (9 ca‐ses ,12 .2% ) ,and antibody to centromere antigen(9 cases ,12 .2% ) ,respectively .In 74 cases of ANA positive specimens ,ENA anti‐body the negative rate of ENA antibody is 17 .6% (13/74) .Of the 13 cases ,the most frequently occurred pattern was the speckled pattern(11 cases ,84 .6% ) ,the rate of cytoplasmic granular pattern and antibody to centromere antigen was 7 .7% (1/13) respec‐tively .Conclusion In the serum samples which express ANA positive and ENA antibody negative ,the rate of speckled pattern is significantly higher than the other patterns ,and far more than the rate of speckled pattern in the samples which express ENA anti‐body and ANA positive (52 .5% ) (chi‐square= 5 .018 ,P< 0 .05) ,with statistical significance .We consider the speckled pattern samples be in favour of discovering new antibodys of this kind of serum sample .

The brief discussion is introduced in the paper on the academic thought of professor YAN Jie, the contemporary famous TCM doctor, on functional dyspepsia treated with acupuncture and moxibustion. Treatment based on "the three-regional acupoint selection" is applied to professor YAN's treatment for functional dyspepsia, in which, acupuncture is on Sibai (ST 2), Liangmen (ST 21) and Zusanli (ST 36), and the supplementary points are added accordingly. The academic thought is described as the combination of acupuncture and moxibustion based on strengthening healthy qi, supplemented by soothing the liver and psychological counseling. Also, an example is provided.
Acupuncture ; education ; history ; Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; history ; Adult ; Dyspepsia ; history ; therapy ; Female ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Moxibustion

Objective To establish a scientific, systemic objective and practical competency model for head nurses. Methods Based on the PPEB model, the competency model for head nurses was formulated through literature review, theoretical analysis, specialists interview and Delphi method. Results The head nurses′competency model consisted of professional competency, psychology competency, ethic competency and behavior competency, which included 10 second- level indicators and 33 third- level items. A total of 16 questionnaires were sent out in each round of consultation, and 15 and 16 questionnaires were retrieved separately. the experts′authority coefficient was 0.88 and the coordination coefficient was 0.131. Conclusions The enthusiam, authority and harmony of the specialists were good, which meant the competency model for head nurses were scientific and reliable. And it could provide references for head nurses′selection, training and performance appraisal.

Objective Androgen is an important precursor for the synthesis of estrogen in vivo and is involved in the regulation of female reproductive function.In this study, we explored the influence of different lengths of prepubertal exposure to hyperandrogen on the reproductive function of adult female rats. Methods Twenty-five 23-day-old female rats were equally randomized into five groups:oil control, 2-wk dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), 4-wk DHEA, 6-wk DHEA, and 8-wk DHEA, injected with oil or DHEA daily for 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks respectively, and mated at 80 days old.We detected serum concentrations of total testosterone (tT), estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone ( FSH) and luteinizing hormone ( LH) by ELISA, observed the time of vaginal opening and changes of the estrous cycle, and recorded the rates of mating and pregnancy, the number of the offspring and their survival rate. Results The tT lev-el was elevated after 2 weeks of DHEA injection, fell to normal after drug withdrawal in the 2-wk and 4-wk DHEA groups, and remained at a high level in the 6-wk group.The E2 level was markedly increased in at 2 and 4 weeks but showed a falling trend at 6 and 8 weeks. DHEA injection did not change the level of FSH significantly but re-markably lifted that of LH with the increased concentration of tT.The vaginal opening time was significantly advanced in the 2-wk DHEA group as compared with the controls ([26.60 ±0.89] d vs [35.20 ±
2.49] d, P<0.01).The estrous cycle exhibited no significant change until the 4th week (20.00%vs 86.67%, P<0.05) and returned to normal with drug withdrawal in the 2-wk and 4-wk groups, but not in 6-wk and 8-wk groups.Compared with the oil controls, the rats in the 6-wk and 8-wk groups showed a dramatically lower number of offspring (10.20 ±1.48 vs 6.40 ±1.14 and 6.60 ±1.52, P<0.01) as well as a lower survival rate of the offspring (9.40 ±1.67 vs 5.60 ±0.55 and 5.40 ±1.67, P<0.05).However, no statistically sig-nificant differences were found in the rates of mating and pregnancy among the five groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Prepubertal expo-sure to hyperandrogen may advance adrenarche and gonadarche and affect the initiation of the sexual gland function in female rats.Impro-ving the hyperandrogen status in the early pubertal stage can reverse the disorder of the estrous cycle, while long-term exposure to DHEA may significantly reduce the fecundity at the childbearing age.

In addition to the structural genes of the coronavirus genome, S, E, M, and N, there are several additional genes called "group-specific or accessory genes". Their gene products are designated as "accessory proteins", as reports to date make it clear that these proteins are not essential for virus replication in vitro. Nevertheless, many of these genes are still maintained in the virus genome under selective pressure, suggesting that they might play a very important role in the survival of the virus in the natural environment of the infected host. This review will summarize the research progress in the functions of coronavirus accessory genes.
Animals ; Coronavirus ; genetics ; metabolism ; Coronavirus Infections ; virology ; Humans ; Open Reading Frames ; Viral Proteins ; metabolism

Animals ; Autophagy ; Coronaviridae ; genetics ; pathogenicity ; physiology ; Coronaviridae Infections ; physiopathology ; virology ; Humans ; Virus Replication

Base Sequence ; Hepacivirus ; drug effects ; genetics ; Hepatitis C ; drug therapy ; virology ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligonucleotides ; therapeutic use ; Phosphorothioate Oligonucleotides ; therapeutic use

Objective: To elucidate the major reasons for unexpected death nude mice when they were used for establishing human metastatic cancer models. Methods: The fresh specimens of human renal cell carcinoma (RCC), prostate cancer (PC), and DU-145 cells were transplanted/injected into nude mice ecotopically and orthotopically. Tumorigenesis and pathological changes (including the symptoms, pathological sections, survival time, etc.) of mouse liver were investigated subsequently. Results: The tumorigenesis and metastasis rates were respectively 21.7% (35/161) and 1.2% (2/161) after implantation of RCC sample, and were respectively 100% (20/20) and 25% (5/20) after implantation of DU-145 cell line, while there was no tumorigenesis or metastasis after implantation of PC specimens. Liver pathological changes were found in 58.4% (94/161) of mice implanted with RCC samples and in 43.4% (46/106) of mice implanted with PC samples. No pathological lesion was found in mice implanted with DU-145 cells. The death peak of mice with pathological changes after implanting RCC and PC samples was consistent with that of the total mice used in this study, all occurring in the winter and spring of the year. Conclusion: The pathological changes of liver appear to be the major reason of unexpected death of the nude mice when they were used for establishing human metastatic cancer models. A specified pathogen-free environment is very important for establishment of the models.

Objective: To establish orthotopic mouse models of human renal cell carcinoma and to separate metastatic or non-metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) from the same source. Methods: Surgical specimens/cell suspensions were transplanted into the various tissues of BALB/c nude mice (subcutis, cellular orthotopic injection into renal capsule, perinephrium, surgical orthotopic implantation into renal capsule). Tumorigenicity and metastasis were subsequently evaluated. Immunohistochemical analysis was employed to determine the expression of VEGF, bFGF, P16, Bcl-2 and C-met in the metastatic and non-metastatic RCC xenograft. Results: The incidences of tumorigenicity and metastasis of orthotopic model were the highest, being at 73.3% (11/15) and 20% (3/15), respectively. Compared with the non-metastastic RCC, VEGF expression was upregulated in the metastatic RCC (P<0.05), while the expression of C-met was downregulated significantly (P<0.05); the expression of bFGF, Bcl-2 and P16 was also downregulated but without significance. Conclusion: Mouse orthotopic transplantation is the most effective way for the growth and natural metastasis of human RCC. Primary and metastatic RCC from the same patient has been successfully harvested. Expression of VEGF in the metastatic tumor tissues is significantly higher than that in the non-metastatic RCC.

Objective: To isolate the invasive and non-invasive cells from primary human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in vitro. Methods: Fresh RCC surgical specimens from 32 primary RCC patients were primarily cultured following enzyme digestion or mechanical minimization in vitro. In vitro invasion assay using the Transwell cultures coating Matrigel was performed for separation and recovery of invasive and non-invasive cells from the primary culture of 3 RCC patients. The concentration of Matrigel, recovery time and trypsinization were subsequently optimized. Results: The successful rate of primary culture was 90.6% (29/32). Recovery of invasive cells was performed ideally when matrigel (diluted into 1.0 mg/ml and 20 μl) was coated onto the filter of the well; cell suspension was at a concentration of 5 × 105/ml and invasive cells were recovered on the 5th day of culture. The growth of non-invasive cells was scattered, while that of the invasive cells was focal. The doubling time of invasive cells was 36.1 h and that of non-invasive was 50.6 h. Conclusion: The in vitro invasion assay using the Transwell is able to separate and recover the highly invasive primary RCC cells. The primary cells represent intact subpopulation composition, but it can hardly get through the life span of human primary tumor cells.