Gastrointestinal Diseases ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Nurses ; Occupational Diseases ; epidemiology ; Prevalence

OBJECTIVE: It's practically significant to study college students' behavior and psychology in using the Internet so as to guide them to take advantage of the Internet properly and to promote the proper use of the Internet. DATA SOURCES: The related articles indexed in the Medline Databank from January 2000 to January 2004 were searched by using computer with the index words "students' psychology, computer communication netware, elements analysis", and the language of the articles was limited to English. Meanwhile, the related articles indexed in the Full-length Chinese Journals Databank, Wanfang Databank and the Journal of Chinese Clinical Rehabilitation from January 2000 to January 2004 were searched through the computer with the index words "students' behavior, internet behavior, analysis of elements ", and the language of the articles was limited to Chinese. The subjects of the study were the Chinese college students aged 18 -24.STUDY SELECTION: The materials were studied first to choose the literature on the analysis of the collage students' Internet psychology and behavior. Inclusion criteria: ① random clinical trials; ② Aged 18-20. Exclusion criteria: ① Obviously not random clinical trials; ② Repeated study, syntheses, and Mata analysis articles. For the articles that we found, we conducted a search for each full-length article.DATA EXTRACTION: A total of 81 articles accorded with the standards were involved.DATA SYNTHESIS: From the comprehensive analysis of involved articles, we found that more college students' use the web just for communication, entertainment, excitement, and spiritual sustenance.CONCLUSION: This paper analyzes the modern college students' behavioral and psychological characteristics in Internet use from the perspectives of self-awareness, mood and emotion motivation, sexual psychology and so on respectively. It also puts forward an educational policy on how to instruct the college students to make use of the Internet properly and overcome the problems of psychology towards the Internet.

AIM: To screen macroreticular resins for isolation and purification of flavonoids from the leaves of Diospyros kaki Linn (FLDK). METHODS: 8 kinds of macroreticular resins were assayed for their adsorbability and deadsorbability as well as the adsorption kinetics to FLDK. RESULTS: Polyamide and AB-8 resin were found with good adsorbability and deadsorbability as well as adsorption kinetics to FLDK. CONCLUSION: AB-8 resin and polyamide could be used for preparing high contents of FLDK. FLDK-P70, a flavonoid extract contained more than 77% of flavonoids was prepared from the extract of leaves of Diospyros kaki by polyamide adsorption column isolation.

Objective To investigate the causes and managements of recent postoperative complications of degenerative scoliosis (DS) treated with long-segment internal fixation and fusion.Methods The clinical data of 89 patients with DS treated with long-segment internal fixation and fusion were retrospectively analyzed.Results There were 16 patients suffered from the recent operative complications and the incidence rate was 17.98％(16/89).There were 3 patients with superficial incision infection,1 patient with leakage of cerebrospinal fluid,1 patient with cardiac inadequacy,1 patient with urinary system infection,9 patients with lower limb numb or pain,1 patient with lower limb sensation and motor function decreased (severe nerve injury).According to the causes of complications,anti-infection,specific treatment,nerve nourishment,adjusting the screw in operation were treated.Infection,leakage of cerebrospinal fluid,cardiac inadequacy and urinary system infection were all cured.The symptom of lower limb numb or pain improved after treatment for 3 months,the symptom disappeared after treatment for 6 months.The nerve function of the patient with severe nerve injury improved after treatment for 3 months,and the nerve function was normal basaly after treatment for 6 months.Conclusions The incidence rate of postoperative complications of DS treated with long-segment internal fixation and fusion is higher.The patients are older and with more preoperative complications,so to decrease the incidence rate of complications,on the basement of symptom relieve,decreasing the trauma of operation,matching with the sufficient preoperative ready,correct operative manipulation and closely postoperative monitoring and nursing should be adopted.

Objective To explore the application of ultrasound-guided femoral and sciatic nerve blocks combined with general anesthesia in lower limb fracture surgery.Methods Sixty four patients who received orthopaedics surgerywere randomly divided into two groups including combined group(n =32),control group (n =32).Control group was given general anesthesia alone,combined group was givengeneral anesthesia combined with ultrasound-guided femoral and sciatic nerve blocks.The intraoperative hemodynamic state at different time,anesthetic dosage,and agitation after waking upbetween two groups were compared.Results Compared with T1 moment,HR and MAP at T2 moment in both groups were significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.05),while all these indicators at T3-T5 moment had no significant difference compared with the T1 moment in combined group (P ＞ 0.05),while the difference was significant in control group (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with control group,combined group had less intraoperative propofoland fentanyl dosage during the surgery,shorter awakening timeand extubation time,and the difference had statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05).The incidence of agitation after waking up and degree of agitation was significantly decreased in combined group than that in control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Ultrasound-guided nerve blockade combined with general anesthesia for lower limb fracture surgery,canmaintain the stability of intraoperative hemodynamics,reduce the dosage of analgesic drugs,and promote early awakening and extubation.

A series of sustained-release morphine sulfate suppositories were prepared with two kinds of different bases according the qualified formulations (r2 > 0.9). The best formulation was determined by melting point, drug release in vitro and rectal administration in rabbits. A self-made device was used to evaluate drug release in vitro. The 3p97 program was used to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters of morphine sulfate suppositories. Comparative studies on characteristics in vitro release and in vivo pharmacokinetics of sustained-release morphine sulfate suppositories were carried out. Drug release pattern in vitro was best described by zero-order kinetics and in vivo profile was demonstrated to fit single compartment model. When r2 > 0.95, the plasma concentration in vivo shown a platform. The MRTs of F4 and P4 were 16.72 and 9.19 h, which shown that the poloxamer-based morphine sulfate suppository F4 had better sustained-release performance. The pharmacokinetics pharmerers were: t1/2(ke) =7.225 h, tpeak =5.107 h, ρmax = 1141 ng · mL-1, AUC =22817 ng · h · mL-1. The prepared poloxamer-based suppository of morphine sulfate F4 exhibits sustained-release profile in vivo, which has the value of industrialization. Copyright 2012 by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

Immunological alterations and changes in neurotransmission are considered to be crucial in the pathological process of depression. An immune activation including increased production of proinflammatory cytokines has repeatedly been described in depression, which shines a clue for new anti-depression therapy. Immune activation will lead to depression through serotonin and glutamate systems. This paper is attempted to review the immune mediated alterations on serotonin and glutamate systems.

BACKGROUND:Spine is relatively complex in structure, shape, material properties, and load bearing. The traditional biomechanical method cannot solve these problems. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the stress distribution of intervertebral disc, zygapophysial joints and vertebral body of degenerative scoliosis, and to provide accordance to the biomechanical mechanism of degenerative scoliosis occurrence and development. METHODS:Based on the successive CT images of spinal column from T12 to superior segment of S1 of degenerative scoliosis patients, the special material properties were attributed to the model to form the integrated and effective three-dimensional finite element model of degenerative scoliosis. The model was loaded on the anteflexion, extension, left lateral bending, right lateral bending, left rotation and right rotation conditons. Then the spinal activity and the stress distribution of intervertebral disc, vertebral body and articular cartilage of zygapophysial joints were calculated and analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The spinal activities of degenerative scoliosis finite element model were less than those of common lumbar spine. The stress distribution of intervertebral disc was inclined to the verge of it and the greatest stress was appeared on the extension motion. The apex of scoliosis was the place of stress concentration and the obvious stress concentration of articular cartilage of zygapophysial joints was appeared on the rotation motion, then fol owed by the extension motion, especial y that of articular cartilage of zygapophysial joints on the apex of scoliosis. Stress concentration is easily appeared on the apex of scoliosis, and the extension and rotation motion can aggravate the development of degenerative scoliosis.

ObjectiveTo generate the prokaryotic expression systems of vwA1 and vwA2 genes of Leptospira interrogans serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae serovar Lai strain Lai,and to determine the correlation among the target recombinant expressed products rVwA1 and rVwA2 and platelet-associated hemorrhage.MethodsThe vwA1 and vwA2 genes of L.interrogans strain Lai were amplified using high fertility PCRs and then the amplification products were sequenced.The prokaryotic expression systems of vwA1 and vwA2 genes were generated by using routine genetic techniques.The expression and dissolubility of rVwA1 and rVwA2 proteins were examined by SDS-PAGE plus Bio-Rad Gel Image Analyzer.Ni-NTA affinity chromatography was used to extract the expressed rVwA1 and rVwA2.Real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCRs were performed to determine the changes of vwA1-mRNA and vwA2-mRNA levels in the leptospires of L.interrogans strain Lai before and after infection of human umbilical vein endothelial cell line (HUVEC).The ability of leptospiral rVwA1 binding to human platelets was detected by flow cytometry.A hydrolytic test plus SDS-PAGE were applied to examine the cleavage of leptospiral rVwA2 by a human von Willebrand factor lysase (ADAMTS13).ResultsThe nucleotide and putative amino acid sequences of the cloned leptospiral vwA1 and vwA2 genes were 100％ identities compared to the reported corresponding genes.The generated prokaryotic expression systems of vwA1 and vwA2 genes could express soluble rVwA1 and rVwA2,respectively.When L.interrogans strain Lai infected HUVEC for 8 h,both the vwA1-mRNA and vwA2-mRNA levels were significantly up-regulated (P＜0.05).The result of flow cytometry showed that the leptospiral rVwA1 was able to combine with human platelets with a 60.8％ binding rate. Human recombinant vWF-A2 ( rhvWF - A 2 ),but not the leptospiral rVwA 2,could be hydrolyzed by human ADAMTS 13.Conclusion The vwA1 and vwA2 genes may play roles during infection of L.interrogans species,and the function of vwA1 gene product is referring to the hemorrhage in leptospirosis.

Objective To determine the effects of Che A and CheY proteins of Campylobacter jejuni regulating the bacterial chemotaxis in vitro and colonization in vivo. Methods By using pET42a plasmid and E. coli BL21DE3 as expression vector and expression strain, respectively, prokaryotic expression systems of cheA and cheY genes of C. jejuni strain NCTC11168 was constructed. Rabbits were immunized with the target recombinant expression proteins, rCheA and rCheY, to prepare the antisera. rCheA-IgG and rCheY-IgG in the antisera were separated using DEAE-52 ion exchange column. pBluescript- II -SK was applied to construct suicide plasmid which used to generate cheA gene knock-out mutant (cheA-). A chemotaxis model in vitro of C. jejuni based on DOC-HAP, the chemotactic ability of cheA' mutant as well as the effect of rCheA-IgG and closantel inhibiting the bacterial chemotaxis were demonstrated. The phosphorylation levels of CheA and CheY after DOC treatment were examined by using either rCheA-IgG or CheY-IgG capture method. The difference of colonization ability between cheA- mutant and wild-type of C. jejuni in mice were checked and then compared. Results The constructed prokaryotic expression systems could efficiently express rCheA and rCheY. The data from PCR and sequencing confirmed the cheA gene knock out from cheA- mutant chromosome. cheA- mutant lost its chemotactic ability towards DOC. Both the rCheA-IgG and closantel could inhibit the chemotaxis of wild-type of C. jejuni (P < 0.05 ). When treatment of DOC, the phosphorylation levels of CheA and CheY in wild-type of C. jejuni rapidly decreased (P < 0. 05 ). The colonization ability in murine jejunum of cheA- mutant was also lower than that of the wild-type ( P<0.05 ) . Conclusion Chemotaxis-associated two-component signaling system (Che-TCSS) of C. jejuni are composed of CheA and CheY, and the two proteins are activated by dephosphorylation. CheA in the Che-TCSS play a critical role in chemotaxis in vitro and colonization in vivo of C. jejuni, and this protein can be used as a target for developing novel anti- C. jejuni drugs.