Gastrointestinal Diseases ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Nurses ; Occupational Diseases ; epidemiology ; Prevalence

OBJECTIVE: It's practically significant to study college students' behavior and psychology in using the Internet so as to guide them to take advantage of the Internet properly and to promote the proper use of the Internet. DATA SOURCES: The related articles indexed in the Medline Databank from January 2000 to January 2004 were searched by using computer with the index words "students' psychology, computer communication netware, elements analysis", and the language of the articles was limited to English. Meanwhile, the related articles indexed in the Full-length Chinese Journals Databank, Wanfang Databank and the Journal of Chinese Clinical Rehabilitation from January 2000 to January 2004 were searched through the computer with the index words "students' behavior, internet behavior, analysis of elements ", and the language of the articles was limited to Chinese. The subjects of the study were the Chinese college students aged 18 -24.STUDY SELECTION: The materials were studied first to choose the literature on the analysis of the collage students' Internet psychology and behavior. Inclusion criteria: ① random clinical trials; ② Aged 18-20. Exclusion criteria: ① Obviously not random clinical trials; ② Repeated study, syntheses, and Mata analysis articles. For the articles that we found, we conducted a search for each full-length article.DATA EXTRACTION: A total of 81 articles accorded with the standards were involved.DATA SYNTHESIS: From the comprehensive analysis of involved articles, we found that more college students' use the web just for communication, entertainment, excitement, and spiritual sustenance.CONCLUSION: This paper analyzes the modern college students' behavioral and psychological characteristics in Internet use from the perspectives of self-awareness, mood and emotion motivation, sexual psychology and so on respectively. It also puts forward an educational policy on how to instruct the college students to make use of the Internet properly and overcome the problems of psychology towards the Internet.

Objective To investigate the causes and managements of recent postoperative complications of degenerative scoliosis (DS) treated with long-segment internal fixation and fusion.Methods The clinical data of 89 patients with DS treated with long-segment internal fixation and fusion were retrospectively analyzed.Results There were 16 patients suffered from the recent operative complications and the incidence rate was 17.98％(16/89).There were 3 patients with superficial incision infection,1 patient with leakage of cerebrospinal fluid,1 patient with cardiac inadequacy,1 patient with urinary system infection,9 patients with lower limb numb or pain,1 patient with lower limb sensation and motor function decreased (severe nerve injury).According to the causes of complications,anti-infection,specific treatment,nerve nourishment,adjusting the screw in operation were treated.Infection,leakage of cerebrospinal fluid,cardiac inadequacy and urinary system infection were all cured.The symptom of lower limb numb or pain improved after treatment for 3 months,the symptom disappeared after treatment for 6 months.The nerve function of the patient with severe nerve injury improved after treatment for 3 months,and the nerve function was normal basaly after treatment for 6 months.Conclusions The incidence rate of postoperative complications of DS treated with long-segment internal fixation and fusion is higher.The patients are older and with more preoperative complications,so to decrease the incidence rate of complications,on the basement of symptom relieve,decreasing the trauma of operation,matching with the sufficient preoperative ready,correct operative manipulation and closely postoperative monitoring and nursing should be adopted.

A series of sustained-release morphine sulfate suppositories were prepared with two kinds of different bases according the qualified formulations (r2 > 0.9). The best formulation was determined by melting point, drug release in vitro and rectal administration in rabbits. A self-made device was used to evaluate drug release in vitro. The 3p97 program was used to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters of morphine sulfate suppositories. Comparative studies on characteristics in vitro release and in vivo pharmacokinetics of sustained-release morphine sulfate suppositories were carried out. Drug release pattern in vitro was best described by zero-order kinetics and in vivo profile was demonstrated to fit single compartment model. When r2 > 0.95, the plasma concentration in vivo shown a platform. The MRTs of F4 and P4 were 16.72 and 9.19 h, which shown that the poloxamer-based morphine sulfate suppository F4 had better sustained-release performance. The pharmacokinetics pharmerers were: t1/2(ke) =7.225 h, tpeak =5.107 h, ρmax = 1141 ng · mL-1, AUC =22817 ng · h · mL-1. The prepared poloxamer-based suppository of morphine sulfate F4 exhibits sustained-release profile in vivo, which has the value of industrialization. Copyright 2012 by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

Objective To explore the application of ultrasound-guided femoral and sciatic nerve blocks combined with general anesthesia in lower limb fracture surgery.Methods Sixty four patients who received orthopaedics surgerywere randomly divided into two groups including combined group(n =32),control group (n =32).Control group was given general anesthesia alone,combined group was givengeneral anesthesia combined with ultrasound-guided femoral and sciatic nerve blocks.The intraoperative hemodynamic state at different time,anesthetic dosage,and agitation after waking upbetween two groups were compared.Results Compared with T1 moment,HR and MAP at T2 moment in both groups were significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.05),while all these indicators at T3-T5 moment had no significant difference compared with the T1 moment in combined group (P ＞ 0.05),while the difference was significant in control group (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with control group,combined group had less intraoperative propofoland fentanyl dosage during the surgery,shorter awakening timeand extubation time,and the difference had statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05).The incidence of agitation after waking up and degree of agitation was significantly decreased in combined group than that in control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Ultrasound-guided nerve blockade combined with general anesthesia for lower limb fracture surgery,canmaintain the stability of intraoperative hemodynamics,reduce the dosage of analgesic drugs,and promote early awakening and extubation.

AIM: To screen macroreticular resins for isolation and purification of flavonoids from the leaves of Diospyros kaki Linn (FLDK). METHODS: 8 kinds of macroreticular resins were assayed for their adsorbability and deadsorbability as well as the adsorption kinetics to FLDK. RESULTS: Polyamide and AB-8 resin were found with good adsorbability and deadsorbability as well as adsorption kinetics to FLDK. CONCLUSION: AB-8 resin and polyamide could be used for preparing high contents of FLDK. FLDK-P70, a flavonoid extract contained more than 77% of flavonoids was prepared from the extract of leaves of Diospyros kaki by polyamide adsorption column isolation.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the causes and managements of postoperative neurological complications in pedicle screw internal fixation for the treatment of degenerative scoliosis (DS).

METHODSThe data of 325 patients with degenerative scoliosis underwent pedicle screw internal fixation was retrospectively analyzed from February 2000 to April 2013. There were 22 patients with postoperative neurological complications. Of them, 16 cases complicated with numbness or pain of lower limb and 6 cases with obvious sensation and motor function decreasing in lower limb. The patients were treated with trophic nerve, dehydration, glucocorticoids, reoperation according to the causes of disease. Postoperative at 3, 6 months and 1 year later, according to VAS scoring and muscule power improvement,the recovery of nerve injury was assessed.

RESULTSPostoperative at 3,6 months and 1 year later,VAS scoring of 16 patients with slightly nerve injury was 2.81 +/- 0.66, 1.94 +/- 0.77, 0.63 +/- 0.62, respectively, and the symptoms had obviously improved than 1 week after operation (P < 0.05). Postoperative at 3 months, among 6 patients with severe nerve injury,muscule power improved in 2 cases and no-improved in 4 cases, with VAS scoring of 4.83 +/- 1.17; postoperative at 6 months,muscule power still had not improved in 3 cases,with VAS scoring of 4.17 +/- 0.75; both of the VAS scoring had not significant difference than 1 week after operation (P > 0.05). One year later, there was no muscule power improvement in 2 cases,with VAS scoring of 3.00 +/- 1.26, there was significant difference than 1 week after operation (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe causes of postoperative neurological complication in internal fixation for the treatment of dengenerative scoliosis includes: dragging and torsion injury of spinal marrow and nerve root because of excessive orthopedic of scoliosis; inderect injury of nerve root because of malposition of pedicle screw; nerve functional impairment caused by spinal cord ischemia. Avoiding the above factors could decrease the complication and early discovery and treatment could decrease the adverse outcomes.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bone Nails ; adverse effects ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nervous System Diseases ; etiology ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Scoliosis ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Osteochondritis ; therapy ; Tibia ; injuries ; Young Adult

Animals ; Diet, High-Fat ; Glucagon ; blood ; Glucose ; metabolism ; Hormones ; blood ; Insulin ; blood ; Leptin ; blood ; Lipid Metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To analyze the sequences of two component signaling system PhoP/PhoQ encoding genes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains sensitive or resistant to aminoglycoside antibiotics and to determine the correlation between the PhoQ/PhoP and the resistance. Methods The segments of entire pimQ and phoP genes of P. aeruginosa were obtained by PCR and then sequenced after T-A cloning. Two prokaryotic expression systems of phoQ and phoP genes were constructed and the target recombinant expres-sion products rPhoQ and rPhoP were extracted by Ni-NTA chromatography. Rabbits were intracutaneoualy immunized with rPhoQ and rPhoP to obtain antisera and double immunodiffusion test was used to detect the titers of antisera. The phoQ genes of aminloglycoside antibiotics-resistant P. aeruginosa strains were knocked out by using Red recombination system, and phoQ mutants were identified by PCR plus sequencing and Western blot assay. Tube dilution method was applied to determine MIC values of wild and mutant strains of P. aeruginosa to four different aminoglycoside antibiotics. Results In comparison with the corresponding sequences in GenBank, the similarities of nueleotide and putative amino acid sequences of the cloned phop and phoQ genes were 98.7%-99.6% and 98.7%-100% , and 98.4%-99.8% and 99.1%-100%, respec-tively. Both rPhoQ and rPhoP were successfully expressed using pET-42a and E. coil BL21 DE3 system, and their rabbit antisera with 1 : 4 and 1 : 8 double immunodiffusion titers were also obtained. The deletion of phoQ genes and absence of the products in the two phoQ mutants were confirmed by PCR, sequencing and West-ern blot assay. MIC values of the four different aminoglycoside antibiotics to the two mutants were 1/512-1/2048 as those of their wild strains. Conclusion PboQ/PhoP is a sequence conserved two component sig-naling system of P. aeruginosa, and this system mediates resistance of the microbe to aminoglycoside antibiotics.