Velocity vector imaging (VVI) can quantitatively detect biomechanical characteristics of myocardium and vascular wall based on the principle of speckle tracking , getting rid of the angular dependence of tissue Doppler ima‐ging (TDI) .It can distinguish myocardial segment movements ,observe cardiac twisting motion and discover early e‐lastic changes of vascular wall and evaluate stability of atherosclerotic plaques ,which possesses important signifi‐cance for differential diagnosis of early heart and vascular diseases .The present article made a review on application progress of VVI in cardiovascular diseases .

Objective:To explore the curative effect and security of Jiuwei Zhenxin granules in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Methods:Totally 112 patients with generalized anxiety disorder were randomly divided into the research group and the control group with 56 ones in each. The research group was given Jiuwei Zhenxin granules while the control group was given paroxetine with the treatment course of 6 weeks. The curative effect of the two groups was observed using Hamilton anxiety scale ( HAMA) , and the side effects were observed using treatment energent eymptom scale( TESS) . Results:After the 2-week treatment, HAMA scores were signifi-cantly lower than those before the treatment (P<0. 01). HAMA scores between the two groups before the treatment and at each time point after the treatment had no statistically significant differences (P>0. 05). The recovery rate and effective rate of the two groups also showed no statistically significant differences (P >0.05). The incidence of adverse drug reactions in the research group was 14. 8%, which was lower than that in the control group (22. 6%, P<0. 05). There was no statistically significant difference in TESS total score between the two groups (P>0. 05). Conclusion:Jiuwei Zhenxin granules show similar effect with paroxetine in the treat-ment of generalized anxiety disorder with lower adverse reaction incidence and promising safety.

OBJECTIVE: Cerebral vasospasm (CVS) induced by subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a difficulty in neurosciences. Because the pathogenesis of CVS remains a matter of discussion, clinical prevention and treatment are currently not sufficient. With the application of advanced experimental technology in recent years, great breakthroughs have been achieved in domestic and foreign studies on potassium channels. Definite mechanism in the region plays a significant role in instruction for clinical prevention and treatment. In this paper, researches related to potassium channels in cerebral vascular vessels after SAH are reviewed.DATA SOURCES: Related articles published between January 1991 and December 2005 were searched by the computer in Medline database with the key words of "potassium channels, subarachnoid hemorrhage, cerebral vasospasm" and the language was limited to English. Meanwhile, relevant articles were also searched in CNKI and Wanfang database with the same key words in Ghinese.STUDY SELECTION: All articles were selected firstly, and literatures related to potassium channel on physiology and pathogenesis of SAH-induced CVS were selected. Researches on biochemistry and gene etc were excluded.DATA EXTRACTION: A total of 45 English articles were collected, among which, 17 met the inclusion criteria. Of 2 Chinese articles collected,one study was in accordance with the inclusion criteria. Eighteen literatures on the pathological and physiological mechanism of CVS after SAH were looked for the full text.DATA SYNTHESIS: Researches showed that remarkable changes occurred in potassium channels in CVS after SAH, while potassium channel modulators had significant interventional effect on CVS in animal experiment by promoting or blocking the ion movements.CONCLUSION: Potassium channels plays an important role in the pathogenesis of SAH-indueed CVS. Some therapeutic intervention may be provided based on the studies of potassium channels in CVS.

Objective To compare the effectiveness of the forced-air warming system and the conventional warming care practice in preventing hypothermia in patients undergoing major surgeries.Methods A total of 62 patients were enrolled in this study. Patients of both sexes,aged≥18 years,and with an ASA physical status Ⅰ-Ⅲ were included and allocated randomly into intervention group(n=30)or control group(n=32). Patients in the intervention group were provided forced-air warming,either prior to induction or during the surgery procedure depending on core temperature monitoring results. In the control group,patients were warmed with conventional warming care without any intervention. Core temperature was measured by Spot-On sensor and tympanic membrane thermometer,blood pressure,the electrocardiogram,heart rate,pulse oxygen staturation,and partial pressure of end-tidal COwere also monitored continuously in the two groups.Crystalloid,colloid,and allogeneic blood were also recorded by strict protocol. Results Intraoperative hypothermia monitored with tympanic thermometer was observed in 23 patients(71.87%)in the control group,which was significantly higher than that (0) in the intervention group(P=0.00). In addition,the incidence of hypothermia monitored by Spot-On sensor was 81.25%(n=26)in control group and 13.33%(n=4)in intervention group(P=0.00). Conclusion Compared with the conventional warming care,forced-air warming system is more effective in preventing hypothermia during major surgeries.

[Summary] The incidences of obesity and its associated diseases are increasing worldwide.Bariatric surgery leads to more sustainable weight loss and better glycemic control compared with conservative medical treatment. Potential mechanisms mediating the improvement in glycemic control after bariatric surgery include changes in the levels of food intake, gastrointestinal hormones, bile acids as well as intestinal bacterial flora.

Osteoporosis is a kind of systemic metabolic bone diseases ,characterized by bone loss , bone subtle structural dam-age.Leptin is a peptide hormone which secreted by fat cells , that has both positive and negative effects to the bone , and plays a role of regulating on bone metabolism .In vitro, Leptin can regulate proliferation of osteoblast and inhibit reabsorption of osteoblasts depend on osteoclast.In vivo, Leptin can inhibit the synthesis of serotonin in the brain stem and increase the sympathetic nerve signals output by the hypothalamus to the bone , it mainly has a negative effect .But clinical trials about the correlation between Leptin and senile oste-oporosis, the role of Leptin in the central nervous system and peripheral tissue problems are still unclear .In this paper, we will make a comprehensive overview about the latest research progress in the correlation between leptin and senile osteoporosis .

Objective_To explore the effect and the mechanism of isoflurane on human cardiac myocytes ( HCM) injury induced by anoxia/reoxygenation ( AR) .Methods_HCM cells were divided into control group ( con) , an-oxia/reoxygenation group (AR) and isoflurane (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%and 2%) treatment group (n=6).Cell via-bility, LDH activity, apoptosis and the expression level of Anoxia inducible factor-1α( HIF-1α) were detected using CCK-8 assay, LDH activity assay kit, Annexin V-FITC/PI staining, PCR and western blot, respectively. Results_Compared with the con group, cell viability decreased, LDH activity and apoptosis cells increased in AR group.Isoflurane can significantly relieve the decrease of cell viability, the increase of LDH activity and apoptosis cells, and the down-regulation of the mRNA and protein expression level of HIF-1αinduced by AR ( P<0.05 ) . Compared with AR group, the mRNA and protein expression level of HIF-1αin siRNA transfected group signifi-cantly decreased (P<0.05).2%isoflurane significantly relieve the increase of cell viability, the decrease of LDH activity and apoptotic cells induced by HIF-siRNA in AR injuried HCM cells(P<0.05).Conclusions_Isoflurane can protect HCM cells from AR injury partly through up-regulate the expression of HIF-1α.

Intervening animals by pathogen of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to establish animal model is the most common and easiest method to determine syndrome attribute of an animal model. However, the underlying prob-lem of this modeling method is that the concept of wind, cold and dampness in the nature are confused with the syn-drome of wind-cold-dampness summarized by abnormal appearance of clinical patients. The typical animal model establishment are through the methods of wind blowing, low temperature freezing, cold water immersion, environmen-tal humidity increasing. Modern medical modeling methods, such as chemicals, organ resections, are also used in the establishment of animal models. Then, the syndrome-attribution of modeling animal is evaluated by physicochemical indexes of modern medicine which is one of modeling methods that have been used by academia in early times. But animal model established by this method is a kind of disease model which is lack of sufficient theoretical and clini-cal evidences. Therefore, the syndrome-attribution should be reappraised among this kind of animal models.

BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides have biological activities of anti-viral, anti-tumor, enhance immunity, anti-oxidative and anti-aging. OBJECTIVE:To observe the biological effect of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides on the antioxidant capacity of D-galactose induced aging mice skin tissues, and to observe the effect in postponing skin aging. METHODS:Forty-four 2-month-old Kunming mice were randomly divided into four groups:normal control group, aging model group, vitamin E group, and Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide group. Rats in the last three groups received subcutaneous injection (nape area) of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide to establish rat aging models, and intragastric administration of corresponding drugs or saline was performed. After 42 days, pathological sections of back skin were obtained to assess the morphological changes of skin tissues, measure the epidermal and dermal thickness, and detect the superoxide dismutase levels and the expression of CuZn-superoxide dismutase mRNA. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The epidermal and dermal thickness in the vitamin E group and Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide group were increased when compared with the aging model group. The superoxide dismutase levels in the Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide group were significantly higher than those in the other two groups. The decreased degree of cycle threshold value in the Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide group was lower than that in the other two groups. The results indicate that Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide can increase the epidermal and dermal thickness, improve the skin tissue structure, and enhance the superoxide dismutase levels and the expression of CuZn-superoxide dismutase mRNA.

Objective: To analyze and estimate the risks of failure modes in a pharmaceutical Co.Ltd.in Nanjing producing solid preparations by collinear production, and come up with measurements to improve the quality level accordingly.Methods: The quality risk level evaluation table for the failure modes in the various steps of collinear production was obtained through the failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA).The risk control measurements were put forward in order to control and improve different failure modes with various unacceptable risk levels.Results: The risks of solid preparations by collinear production were greatly reduced through FMEA.Conclusion: The FMEA method is an effective way to improve the quality level of collinear products.Meanwhile, there are limitations of FMEA, and other risk management methods should be combined to control the overall risk of drug production.Moreover, the failure modes at the same risk level with different properties should be analyzed and controlled accordingly.The above methods can improve the risk management level of a company and reduce the risks of cross-contamination, mistakes and air-transferring in order to enhance the efficiency of quality management system and produce safe and effective drugs.