In recent years,the basic research on liver fibrosis has been progressed rapidly.This article briefly reviews the cellular and molecular mechanisms of liver fibrosis,including the origin of myofibroblasts,immune regulation,autophagy,and epigenetic regulation,and introduces several new therapeutic targets.More and more evidences show that successful removal of causes is the most important antifibrotic therapy.At present,although the antifibrotic drugs acting on different targets have been emerging,most of them are still in the early stage of research and development,and well-designed clinical trials are needed to confirm their clinical efficacy.

This review article compared the antiviral therapies recommended by major international and national guidelines for management of chronic hepatitis B(CHB)issued by American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, Asian-Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver,Chinese Society of Hepatology & Chinese Society of Infectious Diseases,China Medical Association,and World Health Organization in 2015. The essentials and highlights of guidelines were compared,focusing on goals of therapy,indications of therapy,choices of drugs,endpoints and duration of therapy, management of treatment failure,treatment of CHB in pregnancy.

During the course of the investigation of the antifungal metabolites against Peronophythora litchii from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces sp SC120, an antibiotics that exhibited the cytotoxicity to CNE 2 was isolated By spectral (UV, IR, HRMS, 1H NMR, 13 C NMR, 1H 1H COSY, HMQC and HMBC) analyses, its structure was identified as pimprinine The cytotoxicity of pimprinine to CNE 2 was reported for the first time

10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.23.006

Objective: To observe influence of porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg, a main pathogenic bacterium of periodontal disease) on vascular intima adhesion factors and metalloproteinases. Methods: A total of 60 rats were randomly and equally divided into blank control group, Pg low dose group (Pg 2ml) and Pg high dose group (Pg 5ml) according to number table. The latter two groups respectively received intramuscular injection of corresponding dose Pg every three days without antibiotic intervention for 12 weeks. Then their venous blood was taken to measure levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 and MMP-9 in three groups. Results: Compared with blank control group, there were significant increase in contents of ICAM-1 [（175.79±14.30）ng/ml vs.（182.62±15.07）ng/ml, （189.39±14.93）ng/ml]、VCAM-1 [（256.49±37.17）ng/ml vs.（271.58±32.85）ng/ml , (286.66±30.66)ng/ml] 、 MMP-3 [（3.23±0.69）ng/ml vs.（3.61±0.82）ng/ml, (3.97±0.83)ng/ml]及 MMP-9 [（1.30±0.39）mg/L vs.（1.48±0.39）mg/L, 1.67±0.45）mg/L ]（P <0.05，or <0.01），Compared with Pg low dose group, there were significant increase in levels of above indexes in Pg high dose group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Porphyromonas gingivalis can significantly increase serum contents of vascular intima adhesion factors and metalloproteinases, aggravating pathological development of coronary heart disease.

BACKGROUND: There have been no effective means for clinical treatment of large regions of bone defects.Nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen(nHAC)composite would provide a new pathway for repair of bone defects owing to its similar structure to natural skeleton and better biocompatibility.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of nHAC composite co-cultured with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)in repair of bone defects.METHODS: Following isolation and culture,human BMSCs were co-cultured with nHAC composite.Gross observation,histological analysis,and electron microscope observation were performed to analyze osteogenesis for repair of bone defects in the clinic.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Human nHAC could greatly proliferate in vitro.X-ray photography revealed that bone defects well healed after implantation of nHAC/BMSCs composite.These findings indicate that BMSCs exhibit osteogenic potential and nHAC is a satisfactory scaffold material for construction of tissue-engineered bone.

Hepatitis B, Chronic ; Humans

Objective To investigate whether antihypertensive treatment is beneficial to patients with diabetes mellitus when their blood pressure (BP) is below 140/90 mm Hg(1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa).Methods MEDLINE,EMBASE,IPA database and secondary resources were searched with terms including blood pressure,hypertension and anti-hypertension drug.Inclusion criteria:random control study; subjects were patients with diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance; endpoint BP ≤ 140/90 mm Hg; endpoint BP between two groups had significant differences.There were 16 studies meet inclusive criteria with a total of 51 470 patients.RR and 95％ CI were used as index to judge the difference of clinical outcomes between aggressive antihypertensive treatment group and standard antihypertensive treatment group.RevMan5.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results When BP of patients with diabetes mellitus were below 140/90 mm Hg,anti-hypertensive treatment could reduce incidence rate of cardiovascular event (RR 0.91,95％ CI 0.87-0.96,P =0.0004) and stroke (RR 0.75,95 ％ CI 0.63-0.88,P =0.0005),and increased incidence rate of symptomatic hypotension (RR 3.57,95％ CI 1.41-11.20,P =0.03) and hyperpotassemia (RR 1.57,95％ CI 1.05-2.33,P =0.03).There were no significant differences in all-cause mortality (RR 0.94,95％ CI 0.87-1.01,P =0.08),cardiovascular mortality (RR 0.95,95％ CI 0.85-1.08,P =0.05),myocardial infarction (RR 0.93,95％ CI 0.82-1.05,P =0.26),heart failure (RR 0.90,95％ CI 0.76-1.06,P =0.21) between the aggressive antihypertensive treatment group and standard antihypertensive treatment group.Conclusions When blood pressure of patients with diabetes mellitus was below 140 mm Hg,there was little benefit from aggressive antihypertensive treatment,and the risk of serious adverse events even increased.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) with covered stent in the treatment of portal hypertension in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods The clinical data of 46 patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma and portal hypertension who received TIPS with stent treatment were retrospectively analyzed.After treatment,liver function,shunt patency,re-bleeding rate,hepatic encephalopathy,ascites,gastric intestinal symptoms, lifetime and causes of death were analyzed. Compare t test was performed for measurement data comparison among groups.The survival curves were used to analyse the cumulative stent shunt patency rate,the incidence of hepatic encephalopathy and the survival rate.Results After the operation,portal vein pressure significantly decreased compared with that before operation [(16.2 ± 4.6 )mmHg vs (28.3±5 .1)mmHg,1 mmHg=0.133 kPa],and the difference was statistically significant (t =21 .30, P <0.05).There was no significant difference in liver function before and after operation [(6.8 ±1 .8) score vs (6.9±1 .5)score,P >0.05].Cumulative stent shunt patency at 3,6,12,24,36 month after operation was 100.0%,95 .6%,93.5 %,91 .3% and 91 .3%,respectively.The cumulative incidence of hepatic encephalopathy was 6.5 %,8.7%,13.0%,17.4% and 26.1 %,respectively;cumulative survival rate was 95 .7%,82.6%,67.4%,43.5 % and 32.6%,respectively.In 10 cases of refractory ascites, ascites of all the patients reduced with different degree after operation and gastrointestinal uncomfortable symptoms were relieved.Conclusion In patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma and portal hypertension,who have gastrointestinal bleeding or refractory ascites,treatment of TIPS with covered stents could effectively lower portal pressure,prevent re-bleeding and reduce the volume of ascites.

Objective To predict and identify the linear B-cell epitopes in the major group 3 allergen derived from Derma-tophagoides farina(Der f 3). Methods The linear B-cell epitopes of Der f 3 allergen were analyzed based on the physicochemi-cal properties of amino acids including antigenicity,surface accessibility,flexibility,hydrophilicity,beta-turn by online bioinfor-matics softwares. The eight predicted peptides of linear B-cell epitopes were artificially synthesized and incubated with three aller-gic serum pools(4 serum samples in each),which were consisted of total 12 serum samples from the allergic individuals,and the strong positive epitopes were selected. Results Eight B-cell epitopes from Der f 3 were predicted successfully. Five of eight B-cell epitopes were identified with strong IgE-binding abilities followed by specific IgE assay. The amino acid sequences of them were following:33KAKAGDCP40, 86HASGGEKIQVAEIYQHENYDSMTID110, 118LKTPMTLDQTNAKPVPLPPQGSDVKVG144, 156QEGSYSLP163 and 199DVANGGVDSCQGDSGGPVVD218. Conclusions Five linear B-cell epitopes of Der f 3 allergen have been identified successfully. This result might provide a basis of the diagnosis and treatment for asthma.