Objective To understand the microbiological pollution of drinking water dispensers and find out the effective disinfection method for dispensers. Methods The counts of bacteria, fungi and yeast in water samples collected from the water stored in liners of 52 drinking water dispensers were determined. The total counts of bacteria in water samples of 8 water dispensers were determined before and after disinfection by 1/10 YOUJIE disinfectant for 2 min. Results The medians and over standard rates were 440 cfu/ml and 96.15% for the total count of bacteria, 0 and 30.77% for fungi and yeast in the water samples before disinfection respectively. After 2_min disinfection by 1/10 YOUJIE disinfectant, 5 of 8 drinking water dispensers showed bactericidal rates of 100% and other 3 water dispensers showed bactericidal rates of 99.56%, 99.77% and 99.78% respectively. Bacillus was found in some unkilled bacteria. Conclusion Microbiological pollution in water stored in liners of drinking water dispensers was high, which could be effectively eliminated and disinfected by 1/10 YOUJIE disinfectant for 2 min.

Objective:To investigate the effect of IGN4 gene trasfection on SGC-7901 cells,and the possible mechanism for its anti-tumor effect .Methods:Ad-ING4 was obtained by gene recombination and packaging technique in vitro.The expression of ING4 mRNA and protein were analyzed by RT-PCR and western-blot respectively.The effect of Ad-ING4 on growth of SGC-7901 cells was detected by MTT.Apoptotic cells were detected by Laser Scan Co-focal Microscope (LSCM).The expression of p21 in SGC-7901 cells was analyzed by western-blot.Results:After infection with Ad-ING4,the expression of ING4 mRNA and protein were showed in SGC-7901 cells detected.The proliferation of SGC-7901 cells was inhibited significantly(P

Objective To investigate the effects of hydrogen inhalation on the brain injury after intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in rats.Methods Fifty-four healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 6-8 months,weighing 285-350 g,were randomly allocated to one of 3 groups (n =18 each):sham operation group (group S),intestinal I/R group (group I/R) and hydrogen inhalation group (group H2).Intestinal I/R was produced by occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery for 90 min followed by reperfusion.2％ hydrogen was inhaled for 3 h starting from the end of ischemia.The cognitive function was detected at 1,2 and 5 days of reperfusion using Morris water maze test.The animals were sacrificed after the test and brains were isolated for detection of the cerebral edema and morphology in brain tissues.The cerebral water content ((wet weight-dry weight)/ wet weight × 100％) was measured.The pathological changes in the prefrontal cortex was observed under light microscope.The neuronal apoptosis was detected by TUNEL.Results Compared with the S group,the number of normal neurons in the prefrontal cortex was significantly decreased,the latency and swimming distance were both prolonged,the frequency of crossing the original platform was decreased,and the cerebral water content and the number of apoptotic neurons were increased in groups I/R and H2 (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with I/R group,the number of normal neurons in the prefrontal cortex was significantly increased,the latency and swimming distance were both shortened,the frequency of crossing the original platform was increased,the cerebral water content and the nunber of apoptotic neurons were decreased in group H2 (P ＜ 0.05).The pathological changes were obvious in I/R group,however,they were significantly attenuated in H2 group.Conclusion H2 inhalation can reduce the brain damage and improve the cognitive dysfunction after intestinal I/R in rats.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM ) based vancomycin dose adjustment in patients with gram‐positive infections .Methods A cohort study was designed with 128 inpatients undergoing TDM in Huashan Hospital from January 2005 to September 2014 .The clinical data of these patients were used to analyze the efficacy and safety of vancomycin therapy by Cox model and survival analysis .Results The patients undergoing TDM‐based dose adjustment had a higher daily dose and blood trough concentration ,which may lead to better bacteriological efficacy and overall efficacy .Cox proportional hazards model analysis showed that TDM‐based dose adjustment is a protective factor .No safety‐related risk factor was found .Conclusions TDM‐based vancomycin dose adjustment is important for patients to achieve better outcomes in fighting gram‐positive infections .

Objective To establish and validate an ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (UPLC-MS/MS)method for quantification of MRX-I,a new oxazolidinone antibacterial agent,in human plasma and urine.Methods Chromatographic separation was performed on a Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C8 column using an isocratic elution.The mo-bile phase consisted of acetonitrile and water (40∶60,v/v).Quantitative analysis was conducted in the multiple reaction moni-toring mode.Linezolid was used as an internal standard.Liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate was used to remove impuri-ties in the plasma and urine samples.The method was validated in terms of matrix effect,recovery,precision,accuracy and stability.Results The calibration curves were linear within the range of 0.005 00-1 .00 mg/L.The lower limit of quantification was 0.005 00 mg/L for both plasma and urine samples.Retention time was less than 1 .5 min for both MRX-I and internal standard in plasma and urine.The ma-trix effect factors of plasma and urine for MRX-I was 90.4%±8.2% and 82.7%±7.9%,respectively.The recovery of MRX-I was 112.8% ± 13.4% from plasma and 105.6% ± 13.4% from urine samples,respectively.The inter- and intra-day accuracy of MRX-I was 98.9%-105.0% and 96.5%-102.6% in plasma samples,and 92.7%-98.6% and 95.1 %-105.7% in urine samples.MRX-I was stable for 24 h at room tem-perature,48 h in automatic sampler after pretreatment,and stable after 3 freeze-thaw cycles in plasma and urine.MRX-I was also stable at-40℃for eight months in plasma and six months in urine,respectively.Conclusions The UPLC-MS/MS method established in this study shows high sensitivity and specificity for determination of MRX-I in human plasma and urine.The re-sults of validation are consistent with the requirement of bioanalytical method validation.

AIM To study the chemical constituents from the rhizomas of Smilax glauco-china Warb.METHODS The n-butanol fraction of ethanol extract of S.glauco-china was isolated and purified by silica,Sephadex LH-20 and semi-preparative column,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.RESULTS Ten compounds were isolated and identified as phenethanol-β-D-gentiobioside (1),2-phenylethyl-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 →6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (2),phenylethyl D-rutinoside (3),phenylethyl β-D-glucoside (4),hydrangeifolin Ⅰ (5),icariside D1 (6),calophymembranside B (7),2-hydroxyphenol-1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(6 → 1)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (8),β-sitosterol (9),daucosterol (10).CONCLUSION All the compounds are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Objective To investigate the application of preoperative autologous blood donation (PABD) in selective operation.Methods Retrospective investigations and analysis were carried out in clinical datas of 1 026 patients of PABD in selective operation from January 2016 to may 2017,comparing with those who had not performed PABD in the same time.Results ①The surgeries of PABD were mainly neurosurgery,urology,orthopedics,gynecology and hepatobiliary surgery,respectively,which accounted for 5.97％,4.90％,3.78％,3.76％ and 3.55％ of the patients in the same period;②The rate of transfusion of allogeneic red blood cells of selective operation in PABD group of neurosurgery,urology,orthopedics,gynecology and hepatobiliary surgery were 5.66％,2.51％,4.89％,0 and 4.88％,respetively,while not performed PABD group were 25.46％,28.58％,24.77％,10.62％ and 17.54％,respetively;③The rate of transfusion of the group of hemoglobin (Hb)＜ 120 g/L is significantly higher than those Hb is (120-129.9) g/L,(130-139.9)g/L and ≥ 140 g/L(7.65％vs 2.44％,3.66％ and 2.70％,P＞0.05).Conclusion ①PABD is mainly carried out in neurosurgery,urology,orthopedics,gynecology and hepatobiliary surgery;②The group of Hb＜ 120 g/L has a high rate transfusion of allogeneic erythrocyte in selective operations;③Only the PABD is improved can patients make benefit from it.

Objective To investigate the effects of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)on cerebral microglial activation in rats.Methods One hundred and twenty-eight healthy male SD rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly allocated to one of two groups(n =64 each):group sham operation(group S)and intestinal I/R group.Intestinal I/R was produced by occlusion of superior mesenteric stery for 90 main followed by reperfusion.Sixteen animals were sacrificed at each of the 4 time points:2,6,24 and 48 h of reperfusion in each group.Their intestines were obtained for microscopic examination.Their brains were harvested for detection of microglial activation (by immuno-histochemistry).The reactive oxygen species(ROS),MDA and NO contents and SOD,nitric oxide synthase(NOS)and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)activities in the brain were measured.Results The microglia were in quiescent condition.Ibal staining was negative or light in group S.Intestinal I/R significantly increased intestinal Chiu score,cerebral microglial activation at 6,24 and 48 h of repeffusion which peaked at 24 h of reperfusion in group I/R as compared with group S.Cerebral ROS,MDA,NO levels and NOS,iNOS activities were significantly higher while SOD activity was significantly lower in group I/R than in group S.Concluslon Intestinal I/R can activate microglia and induce the release of nitrogen and oxygen free radicals resulting in cerebral injury.

Objective To summarize and analyze the surgical therapies for liver and gastric multiple primary cancers. Methods The clinical data of 14 patients with liver and gastric carcinomas surgically treated in our hospital from January 2004 to January 2008 were retrospectively analyzed.Results Of the 14 patients, 12 underwent simultaneous resection of liver and gastric carcinomas,1 resection of the gastric carcinoma 2 months after the liver surgery and 1 removal of liver cancer found 2 years after the surgery for antral adenocarcinoma. The median survival time of these patients was 23 months. The 1-and 3-year survival rate was 78.6% and 35.7%, respectively. Conclusion Due to different pathological characteristics, the therapies of liver and gastric multiple primary cancers are completely different from that of the recurring and metastatic carcinoma. Both tumors can be treated by radical resection and the effect is similar to single cancer. Positive treatment is crucial for long-term survival of the patients.

It is the intent of this study to estimate the progression or regression of edema at the bedside continuously. Based on the theoretic model, the Adaptive Genetic Algorithm (AGA) has been applied in the calculation of conductivity reconstruction. Dynamic crossover and mutation operators which are based on Haiming Distance are brought forward in this paper to maintain generation's diversity. Then, both AGA and Standard GA (SGA) have been applied in the conductivity reconstruction of edema in human brain. It is shown that AGA not only has attained a higher degree of efficiency but also has enhanced the capability to converge to the best answer.
Algorithms ; Brain Injuries ; complications ; pathology ; Computer Simulation ; Edema ; pathology ; Electric Impedance ; Humans ; Models, Biological