Objective To investigate the effect of cyclopentolate cycloplegic on the refraction measurement in adult guinea pigs. Design Experimental study.Participants 24 eyes of 12(10 weeks) adult guinea pigs.Methods 12 animals were randomly examined thrice by streak retinoscopy pre and post mydriasis.1%cyclopentolate hydrochloride was topically administrated to the eye every five minutes for three times.Main Outcome Measures The eye refraction of guinea pigs included the scope,cylinder and the equivalent power.Results The average refraction of guinea pigs in pre-mydriasis and post-mydriasis were 1.92?0.79 D and 2.08?0.79 D respectively. The average refraction that included the scope,cylinder and the equivalent power all showed no significant difference between pre and post mydriasis.The effect of mydriasis and measure time points on the refraction that included the scope,cylinder and the equivalent scope showed no significant difference either.Conclusions The effect of 1%cyclopentolate cycloplegic on adult guinea pigs in refraction is limited.The refraction of adult guinea pig can be measured naturally without cyclopentolate cycloplegic administrated.

ObjectiveTo detect the levels of bone morphogenetic protein-2(BMP-2) mRNA in gunshot fracture healing of the rabbits.MethodsA model of primary treating gunshot fracture of the rabbit with external fixator and the real time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(FQ-RT-PCR) technology with SYBR Green I were established.The levels of BMP-2 mRNA 1,2,3 and 4 weeks after operation were detected with FQ-RT-PCR respectively.ResultsIn the control group,BMP-2 mRNA of the bone tissue began to rise at the first week after fracture and the peak of mRNA expression appeared at the second week.The expression returned to normal at the forth week.In the experimental group,the BMP-2 mRNA rose more slowly that it arrived peak stage at the third week and was significantly lower in experimental group than that in control group at the same phases.ConclusionReal time FQ-RT-PCR is a good method for measuring the levels of BMP-2 mRNA during gunshot fracture healing.The mRNA expression rose more slowly and was significantly lower in gunshot fracture than in common fracture at the same phases.

Objective To investigate the effect of acupuncture combined with buccal electrical stimulation on dysphagia at oral phase after stroke. Methods 40 patients with oral-phase dysphasia after stroke were randomly divided into treatment group (n=20) and control group (n=20). The control group received routine therapy and swallowing training, and the treatment group received acupuncture and electrical stimulation on buccinator in addition. They were assessed with Oral Function Scale and Kubota's Drinking Test before and 20 d after treatment.Results There was no significant difference between both groups before treatment (P>0.05). Both groups improved after treatment (P<0.01), and improved more in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Acupuncture combined with buccal electrical stimulation is satisfactory for oral-phase dysphagia after stroke.

Objective:To investigate the rates of low disease activity and clinical remission in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)in a real-world setting,and to analyze the related factors of low disease activity and clinical remission.Methods:One thousand patients with SLE were enrolled from 11 teaching hospitals.Demographic,clinical and laboratory data,as well as treatment regimes were collec-ted by self-completed questionnaire.The rates of low disease activity and remission were calculated based on the lupus low disease activity state(LLDAS)and definitions of remission in SLE(DORIS).Charac-teristics of patients with LLDAS and DORIS were analyzed.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the related factors of LLDAS and DORIS remission.Results:20.7％of patients met the criteria of LLDAS,while 10.4％of patients achieved remission defined by DORIS.Patients who met LLDAS or DORIS remission had significantly higher proportion of patients with high income and longer disease duration,compared with non-remission group.Moreover,the rates of anemia,creatinine eleva-tion,increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR)and hypoalbuminemia was significantly lower in the LLDAS or DORIS group than in the non-remission group.Patients who received hydroxychloroquine for more than 12 months or immunosuppressant therapy for no less than 6 months earned higher rates of LLDAS and DORIS remission.The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that increased ESR,positive anti-dsDNA antibodies,low level of complement(C3 and C4),proteinuria,low household in-come were negatively related with LLDAS and DORIS remission.However,hydroxychloroquine usage for longer than 12 months were positively related with LLDAS and DORIS remission.Conclusion:LLDAS and DORIS remission of SLE patients remain to be improved.Treatment-to-target strategy and standar-dized application of hydroxychloroquine and immunosuppressants in SLE are recommended.