Objective To compare the different effects of endurance and exhaustive exercises on hepcidin in the blood and liver,and determine the changes of related indexes about iron metabolism and hypoxia response,and of inflammatory and antimicrobial activity factors.Methods Thiry female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control group (n=10),an endurance exercise group (n=10) and an exhaustive exercise group (n=10).Then 4 weeks of endurance and exhaustive treadmill training were given to different exercise groups respectively.Blood samples were collected,the routine indexes of the whole blood,and the serum indexes about iron metabolism,hypoxia response,inflammatory and antimicrobial activity factors were measured.Meanwhile,liver samples were fixed,embedded and sliced,and the expression of hepcidin,hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and nuclear factor of kappa b (NF-κB) of different groups were measured using the immunochemistry staining.Results Compared with the control group,after 4-week endurance exercises,there was significant increase in the concentration of erythropoietin (EPO),but significant differences in the level of serum hepcidin and interleukin 6 (IL-6).However,after 4 weeks of exhaustive exercise,significant increase was observed in the level of hepcidin and the expression of HIF-1α in the serum and liver,as well as the serum interleukin 1 (IL-1),IL-6,tumor necrosis factor-α and C reactive protein,but significant decrease was found in the concentration of serum EPO and the level of serum TF and sTFR compared to the control group.Moreover,there was significant increase in the level of toll-like receptor 4 and NF-κB,which is correlated with the antimicrobial peptide activity of hepcidin compared between the exhaustive and control group.Conclusions Four-week endurance exercise down-regulates the level of serum hepcidin,while 4-week exhaustive exercise increases the hepcidin level in the serum and liver significantly.Therefore,different exercises can result in totally different effect on the hepcidin level.

Objective To verify the antibacterial activity of the conserved domain derived from the novel human antimicrobial peptide-hGlyrichin .Methods Bioinformative analysis was performed and two peptides derived from hGlyrichin were synthesized which contained the conserved domain .Results Analysis of antimicrobial activities showed that these two peptides exhibited strong antibacterial activity which was inversely proportional to the length of the peptide within an eligible range.Despite the effective inhibition and killing of bacteria , the synthetic peptide segments had no hemolytic effect on human red blood cells .Conclusion These results indicate that a conserved domain exists in hGlyrichin , and that the peptides which contain this domain have strong antibacterial activity but are not toxic to human somatic cells .

Objective: To review the pathological characteristics of the lungs in mitral stenosis with pulmonary hypertension, and provide evidence for clinical treatment. Methods: Pulmonary pathological changes in 37 patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis and secondary pulmonary hypertension received mitral valve replacement. Six patients of aortic valve disease without pulmonary hypertension received aortic valve replacement and were taken as control. The lung biopsies were obtained from the middle lobe of the right lung in operation. Pulmonary muscular arteries were studied quantitatively and qualitatively. Results: All patients with mitral stenosis showed various degrees of vascular and other associated parenchymal changes. The structural changes in the muscular arteries was graded according to the degree of MT/R. There was 81% of patients with mitral stenosis in mild to moderate degree. Conclusion: The pulmonary vascular pathological changes of patients who have rheumatic mitral stenosis with pulmonary hypertension are related to the level of preoperative pulmonary artery pressure. And in most of them the pulmonary vascular pathological changes are in mild to moderate degree.

Objective To verify the efficiency and stability of hydrogen-rich water preparation with hydrogen-rich rods. Methods ①Seven firenew hydrogen-rich rods were separately placed in seven plastic bottles, each filled with distilled water and soaked for 6 h, before the hydrogen concentration of the water was measured.This process was repeated 10 times.②After the hydrogen-rich rods with the strongest and weakest hydrogen product capacity were removed, the remaining 5 hydrogen-rich rods were placed separately into 5 plastic bottles filled with distilled water,put in a water bath pot at 20,40 and 60℃, respectively, and kept for 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 h, respectively.Then, the hydrogen concentration, oxidation-reduction potential(ORP),and dissolved oxygen concentration(DO) were measured at various time points.③In order to determine the hydrogen emission rate from the hydrogen-rich water, the hydrogen-rich rods were constantly kept in some samples and the others were removed.All the sample bottle caps were kept open during the experimental process, and the hydrogen concentration was measured at such time points as 0, 10 and 30 min, 1, 2, 5, 12, 24, 30, 48 and 72 h, respectively.Results ①The hydrogen-rich rods used in this study could well meet the requirements.②When the environment temperature was kept constant, the hydrogen concentration of the water was increased with the soaking time of the hydrogen-rich rods, and the ORP of the water was reduced.However, the DO of the water was decreased with the rise of the environment temperature.③When the hydrogen-rich water was kept in opened plastic bottles with a 25 mm oral diameter, the hydrogen concentration of the samples with the hydrogen-rich rods reserved was almost about 0.50 ppm until 72 h, and that of the others was reduced to almost 0 ppm.Conclusion Our results demonstrate that the hydrogen-rich rods test is a simple and effective method for preparing hydrogen-rich water, which will be an valuable and useful method for using hydrogen-rich water in health promotion and prevention of chronic diseases.

Objective To explore the application effect of debate teaching in food toxicology teaching.Methods Taking the chapter of mutagenic effect of exogenous chemicals in the course of food toxicology as an example,totally hygiene quarantine specialty undergraduate students from March 2015 to July 2016 in our school for the course of Grade 2014 (n=37),Grade 2013 (n=49) were selected as subjects and conducted debate teaching and traditional teaching comparison.The students of Grade 2014 took the traditional teaching method as the control group,while the students of Grade 2013 took the debate teaching method as the experimental group.After the teaching of two groups,quizzes were used.to evaluate the students' learning of this course.In addition,the students in the debate teaching group were investigated by the questionnaire of the students' satisfaction with the teaching method and the learning performance of the students in the teaching practice at the end of the quiz.T test was conducted on the test scores of two groups of students by SPSS 16.0.Results The average test score of the students in the experimental group was higher than that of the control group [(7.24 ± 0.66) vs.(6.35 ± 0.82),t=5.575,P=0.000].49 questionnaires were issued to the students in the experimental group,and 49 valid questionnaires were recovered.The majority of students believed that the debate teaching method aroused their interest in the course of learning and enhanced their abilities and qualities.Conclusions The application of debate teaching in food toxicology teaching has good effect,and it can train students' comprehensive ability.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of tibial plateau bone defects repair using osteotomy and bone grafting with autogenous bone gain way in total knee arthroplasty.Methods From Mar.2011 to Mar.2015,28 knees of 20 patients with bone defects in medial tibial plateau were in total knee arthroplasty,the bone defects were repaired into horizontal steps,then with autogenous bone grafting by osteotomy.Results The bone defects could be repaired effectively to support the knee joint prosthesis,all the patients were followed-up through outpatient from 1 year to 4 years with the average of 2.6 years,the HSS kness score increased from (20.9 ± 1.2) before opearation to (87.6 ± 1.6) after operation.Hss score were paired t test,there was statistically significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).The location was good and there was no bone defect image,no bone resorption and no joint dislocation under X-ray.Conclusions To repair the bone defects in total nkee arthroplasty,it can use the autogenous bone by osteotomy reasonably,achieve good repair defect site,reserve the bone mass maxium,reconstrust the balanced mechanical support of tibia.

Objective To investigate the clinical features of genitourinary invasion by malignant lymphoma.Methods Three cases of genitourinary invasion by malignant lymphoma were reported.Case 1,a 68-year-old man,complained of right flank malaise for 1 month.CT showed a soft tissue shadow of 4.0 cm?5.5 cm with homogeneous density at right renal hilus,and diffusely thickened right greater psoas muscle at the level from lower pole of the kidney to internal iliac muscle with low-density soft tissue shadow inside.Case 2,a 72-year-old man,presented with distended left leg for 2 weeks.CT indicated left seminal vesicle mass with soft tissue density of 2.5 cm in diameter,and a soft tissue mass of 6.5 cm?4.5 cm at the left iliac artery furcation.Case 3,a 48-year-old woman,complained of fever for 1 month.CT showed well-defined,solid masses of 8.0 cm?6.0 cm and 7.0 cm?6.5 cm,respectively,in diameter with inhomogeneous density at bilateral adrenal gland areas.The incidence,clinical features,prognosis and surgical treatment of this disease were summarized in combination with review of the literature.Results All 3 cases underwent operations.The primary foci originated from pelvic or retroperitoneal lymph nodes.The kidney,seminal vesicle and adrenal gland were involved in each of the 3 cases.The pathological types were all non-Hodgkin diffusive big B cell lymphoma.One case died 2 months after operation.The other 2 received CHOP chemotherapy after operation,and were followed for 4 months and 2 years,respectively.They were both alive with no recurrence at last time of the follow-up.Conclusions Genitourinary invasion by malignant lymphoma is an uncommon disease with atypical clinical presentations and poor prognosis.Surgical treatment has little effect,while radiotherapy and chemotherapy should be the first choice.Explorative surgery has positive significance for definite diagnosis.

A high performance liquid chromatography method based on amino column to uncover the glycosyls of aroma glycosides in Meili grape was established.Meili grapes were sampled from Yangling, Shaanxi province, China.Aroma glycosides in grape skins were extracted by extraction buffer (0.1 mol/L Na2HPO4/NaH2PO4, pH 7.0, 13% ethanol (V/V)), then enzymatically hydrolysed by AR2000 enzyme preparation in citrate-phosphate buffer (pH 5.0), and the glycosyls liberated were isolated by amino column, and determined by high performance liquid chromatography-refractive index detector (HPLC-RID).The HPLC-RID experimental conditions were developed as follows: amino column temperature 35℃, RID temperature 35℃, injection volume 20 μL, mobile phase acetonitrile/ethyl acetate/water=60∶25∶15 (V/V), flow rate 1 mL/min.The results showed that the reasonable linearity was achieved for rhamnose, xylose, arabinose, apiose and glucose (R2>0.996), with the detection limit (LOD) of 93-123 mg/L and quantitation limit (LOQ) of 309-409 mg/L.The relative standard deviation (RSD, n=10) of the peaks of each monosaccharide (5 g/L) was 2.3%-6.4%, and the recoveries ranged from 73.8% to 125.7%.The molar percentages of the aroma glycosides in Meili grape were 4.1%-6.1% for 6-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside, 2.3%-8.8% for 6-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside, 0.1%-3.9% for 6-O-α-L-arabinofuranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside, 5.5%-9.8% for 6-O-α-L-apiofuranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside, and 76.3%-86.8% for 6-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside.The contents of each aroma glycoside and the total glycosides in Meili grape didn′t show obvious relationship with berry maturity index during grape maturity.

Objective To discuss the method and effect of large renal staghorn calculi by anatrophic nephrolithotomy (AN).Methods Fifty-two patients with large renal staghom calculi underwent AN.Bilateral renal calculi disease was present in 3 patients,so that a number of 55 procedures were operated.Preoperative evaluation included urinalysis,urine culture,renal function,and ultragound,CT,KUB and IVU.A flank incision was between the 11th and 12th ribs and the kidney was freed.After interrupted renal pedicle in situ hypothermia,the renal parenchyma incision was made along the avascular plane which is outside in the back of the kidney.The collecting system was opened.The calculi were removed.The collecting system was reconstructed.The renal parenchyma was closed and the renal circulation was reestablished.The protected management of renal function was made intraoperative.Postoperative follow-up consisted of urinalysis,renal function,ultrasound,KUB,IVU and ECT.Results The operative time was (117±45) minutes.The renal ischemia time WaS (29±15)minutes.Five cases underwent blood transfusion.Mean amount of blood transfusion was 230 ml.Four cases had remained calculi.The stone-free rate was 92.3%.No recent complication occurred after operation.Postoperative follow-up indicated that renal function was normal.Conclusions AN is the most appropriate method for patients with large renal staghorn calculi because of the highest stone-free rate,the lowest stone-recurred rate and a safe and effective operative procedure with less complication.Renal function damages just little through a series of protected management.Nephrectomy is avoided to part of patients.

Objective To determine the feasibility and safety of radiofrequeney(RF)ablation of entire prostate guided and monitored by contrast-enhanced transrectal ultrasound(CE-TRUS)in canine model.Methods Contrast ultrasound-guided RF ablation of entire prostate was preformed transrectally using Cool-tiptm electrodes in 7 normal canines under general anesthesia.The urethra/bladder and rectum were protected by infusion of cold distilled water through a Foley catheter and injection of cold distilled water into the prostate-rectum space,respectively.CE-TRUS findings were compared with TTC-stained pathologic results.Results All the 7 canines tolerated the ablation procedures.CE-TRUS clearly demonstrated hypoechoic thermal lesions as avascular/nonperfusion areas.The average number acquired for entire prostate ablation was 4.3(3 to 6).The average ablation volume achieved on pathology was 96.55%.There was no statistically significant difference when compared average ablative volumes between CE-TRUS and TTC-stained pathology[(9.16±5.20)cm3 vs(8.62±3.13)cm3,P=0.583].The coefficient correlation was 0.94(P=0.002).No thermal related injuries were found in anv of the bladder and rectum.The thermal related inj uries of the urethra were less than 1/4 quadrant.Conclusions It is feasible to ablate the entire prostate using RF thermal energy under CE-TRUS guidance.CE-TRUS plays a key role for achieving entire prostate ablation.The urethra and rectum can be protected by cooling of these structures during the procedure.