BACKGROUND: At present, there are fewer studies on the monitoring of nutritional status of the residents living in the draw-down area of ThreeGorge reservoir.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the nutritional status and dietary pattern of the residents before the formation of the draw-down area of Three-Gorge reservoir, so as to provide basic data for the continuous dynamic surveillance of food and nutrition.DESIGN: A cross-sectional study.SETTING: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing University of Medical Sciences.PARTICIPANTS: The investigation was carried out between February and March 2004 in the draw-down area of Three-Gorge reservoir with denser population, larger area and greater influence, such as Kaixian and Yunyang counties, etc. The first surveillance of food nutritional status of the residents in the draw-down area was performed in 52 urban families and 50 rural families of Kaixian county, one family member was voluntarily selected from each family, whose main duty was to buy vegetables and food. Totally 102 subjects (42 males and 60 females) were investigated in this study. At the same time, the data of physical examination and detection of blood Hb in children from Kaixian county between May 1999 and November 2003 were analyzed.METHODS: The subjects were investigated in their house with questionnaires. Their general condition of family, food consumption and dietary nutrition were surveyed and analyzed. Nutrients intake was assessed by 24-hour recall, combined with food consuming frequency questionnaire, the Engel index, which was an important index for the level of family consumption, was detected in both rural and urban residents. Engel index=cost in food/total family income×100%.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Amount of food consumption, intakes of energy and nutrients in residents of the draw-down area; ② Prevalence rate of low body mass and rate of growth retardation in children of the draw-down area.RESULTS: All the 102 residents of the draw-down area entered the analysis of results without deletion. ① Amount of food consumption in residents of the draw-down area: Among the urban residents of the draw-down area, the per capita food consumption was 243 g per day, and the consumptions of vegetable, fruit and fish were lower than the average national level, but that of grease food showed a higher level. Among rural residents of Kaixian county, the per capita food consumption was 268 g per day, and the consumption of foodstuff was obviously decreased, but those of meet and grease food showed an ascending trend. ② Energy intake in residents of the draw-down area: Among urban residents of Kaixian county, the per capita energy intake was 6 909 kJ per day, which was obviously lower than that in the urban residents of Chongqing city in 1998 and the average national urban level. The per capita energy intake in rural residents of Kaixian county was 7 577 kJ per day, which was 48.4% lower than that in the urban residents of Chongqing city in 1998 and 37% lower than the average national rural level. ③ Nutritional status in children of the draw-down area: The incidence rate of low body mass in children younger than 5 years in 1999 was close to the average national level (9.6%), it was obviously decreased from 2000, and then fluctuated between 1.0% and 4.8%. Since 1999, the incidence rate of growth retardation in children younger than 5 years of Kaixian county showed a gradually descending trend, but anemia and other common diseases still kept a higher incidence rate, the detection rate of anemia was 33.5% in 1999, and decreased to 20.8% in 2003.CONCLUSION: The current nutritional status of the Kaixian people living in draw-down area of Three-Gorge reservoir still needs further improvement, and dynamic food and nutrition surveillance in succession is necessary.

OBJECTIVE:To systematically evaluate therapeutic efficacy of local application of gentamicin collagen sponge in the prevention of surgical incision infection,and to provide evidenced-reference for clinical treatment. METHODS:Retrieved from PubMed,EMBase,Cochrane Library,CBM,CJFD,VIP and Wanfang databases,randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about lo-cal application of gentamicin collagen sponge(trial group)vs. routine surgery disposal(control group)in the prevention of surgical incision infection were collected. After data extraction and quality evaluation with modified Jadad scale,Meta-analysis was per-formed by using Rev Man 5.3 statistical software. RESULTS:A total of 16 literatures were included,involving 7752 patients. The results of Meta-analysis showed that the incidence of surgical incision infection in trial group was significantly lower than control group,with statistical significance [OR=0.71,95%CI(0.61,0.84),P<0.001]. The packet statistics showed that the incidence of surgical incision infection in cardiovascular surgery group [OR=0.59,95%CI(0.37,0.96),P=0.03] and skin soft tissue operation group [OR=0.34,95%CI(0.15,0.75),P=0.008] were significantly lower than control group. There was no statistical significance in the incidence of incision infection between digestive system operation group and control group [OR=0.62,95%CI(0.25,1.54), P=0.30]. The incidence of surgical incision infection in≤30 d group was significantly lower than control group[OR=0.58,95%CI (0.41,0.82),P=0.002];there was no statistical significance between more than 30 d group and control group [OR=0.86,95%CI (0.71,1.04),P=0.13]. The incidence of surgical incision infection [OR=0.65,95%CI(0.52,0.82),P<0.001] in gentamicin high-dose group (>100 mg) was significantly lower than control group;there was no statistical significance between gentamicin low-dose group (≤100 mg) and control group [OR=0.96,95%CI(0.72,1.28),P=0.77]. CONCLUSIONS:Local application of gentamicin collagen sponge may have certain effect on the prevention of surgical infection. Different types of surgery,observation time and dose have different prevention effects. It should be used carefully according to clinical practice.

BACKGROUND: Human acellular amniotic membrane is a kind of extracellular matrix material with good biocompatibility and biological activity. It has been widely used in various clinical studies because of its low immunogenicity, small rejection and easy preparation.OBJECTIVE: To review the applications of human acellular amniotic membranes in tissue engineering field, such as skin, blood vessel, cornea, cartilage and bone.METHODS: CNKI (from January 2005 to May 2017), CBMdisc (from January 2005 to May 2017), PubMed (from January 1990 to May 2017) and Elsevier (from January 1990 to May 2017) were retrieved for articles addressing the application of human acellular amniotic membrane as a tissue-engineered scaffold in the bone, cartilage, skin, and blood vessels.The keywords were acelluar amniotic membrane, scaffold, material, tissue engineering ECM in Chinese and English, respectively.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Human acellular amniotic membrane owns the structure and function of the natural extracellular matrix, which can be combined with stem cells from different sources to differentiate into different tissues and organs, such as bone, cartilage, skin, blood vessel, and corneal tissues. As a tissue-engineered scaffold, human acellular amniotic membrane has good biocompatibility, biodegradability and low immunogenicity, although it has some shortcomings, such as poor strength and post-transplantation rejection reactions. Therefore, the future studies are mainly focused on shortening the adhesion time between cells and scaffolds, increasing the own mechanical strength of human acellular amniotic membrane, optimizing the cell growth microenvironment, and combining human acellular amniotic membrane with other tissue-engineered scaffolds.

Objective To explore the application effect of debate teaching in food toxicology teaching.Methods Taking the chapter of mutagenic effect of exogenous chemicals in the course of food toxicology as an example,totally hygiene quarantine specialty undergraduate students from March 2015 to July 2016 in our school for the course of Grade 2014 (n=37),Grade 2013 (n=49) were selected as subjects and conducted debate teaching and traditional teaching comparison.The students of Grade 2014 took the traditional teaching method as the control group,while the students of Grade 2013 took the debate teaching method as the experimental group.After the teaching of two groups,quizzes were used.to evaluate the students' learning of this course.In addition,the students in the debate teaching group were investigated by the questionnaire of the students' satisfaction with the teaching method and the learning performance of the students in the teaching practice at the end of the quiz.T test was conducted on the test scores of two groups of students by SPSS 16.0.Results The average test score of the students in the experimental group was higher than that of the control group [(7.24 ± 0.66) vs.(6.35 ± 0.82),t=5.575,P=0.000].49 questionnaires were issued to the students in the experimental group,and 49 valid questionnaires were recovered.The majority of students believed that the debate teaching method aroused their interest in the course of learning and enhanced their abilities and qualities.Conclusions The application of debate teaching in food toxicology teaching has good effect,and it can train students' comprehensive ability.

This paper discussed the framework of global policies of disability and approaches, explored the implementation of ICF and CBR Guideline, and emphasized the importance of capacity building using ICF and CBR Guideline.

BACKGROUND:Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has been successful y used in the field of joint replacement, fracture fixation and spinal implant, but the potential of 3D printing technology in the field of surgery for ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament of cervical spine remains to be discussed. OBJECTIVE:To determine the application value of a 3D printing model in the selection of anterior and posterior surgical decompression for cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. METHODS:A retrospective analysis was carried out involving 15 patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament col ected by computed tomography (CT) and printed by a 3D model pre-operatively between October 2014 and October 2015 in Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University. There were isolated type (n=2), segmental type (n=6), continuous type (n=4), and combined type (n=3). The application value of a 3D printer model in patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament was evaluated by Japanese Orthopedic Association scores, Visual Analog Scale scores, symptoms, and imaging data 1 month pre-operatively, 1 month post-operatively, and at the final fol ow-up. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Al 15 patients underwent successful treatment of cervical spine decompression surgery and were fol owed up for 4-16 months. The post-operative symptoms were relieved more significantly than the pre-operative symptoms. Using the posterior approach for cervical spinal surgery, 1 patient had incision fat necrosis and healed after negative pressure drainage. (2) Japanese Orthopedic Association scores 1 month pre-operatively, 1 month post-operatively, and at the final fol ow-up were 9.0±1.6, 11.7±1.8, and 15.5±1.4, respectively;the differences were statistical y significant (P<0.05). Visual Analog Scale scores 1 month pre-operatively, 1 month post-operatively, and at the final fol ow-up were 6.7±2.5, 2.13±1.4, and 1.4±0.5, respectively;the difference was statistical y significant (P<0.05). (3) The imaging results at fol ow-up showed that the anterior interbodies were fused, and the pivot of the posterior operation was healed wel without a re-closing phenomenon. (4) A 3D printer model was shown to be beneficial in observing the characteristics of cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament, performing the pre-operative evaluation, and simulating the surgical procedure. There was value for the choice of operative approach.

Objective To assess the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound(US)in differential diagnosis of hyperechoic hepatic lesions when compared to conventional US.Methods Eighty-four hyperechoic liver lesions in 66 patients were examined using both conventional and contrast-enhanced US techniques.Results Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed a significant improvement in the discrimination of malignant versus benign hyperechoic hepatic lesions (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve,0.867±0.045 at conventional US,0.997±0.003 with contrast-enhanced US(P＜0.0001).For correct diagnoses types of hyperechoic liver lesions,contrast-enhanced US improved from 64.3% to 92.9%,comic)ared with conventional US (P＜0.001).Conclusions Contrast-enhanced US showed a significant improvement in characterization and differentiation of hyperechoic hepatic lesions when compared to conventional US.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the molecular mechanism of proliferation and invasion inhibition in oral squamous cell carcinoma transfected with recombinant adenovirus-p53 (Ad-p53).

METHODSTca8113 cell lines were transfected with Ad-p53. Then the effect of p53 overexpression on cancer cells proliferation and invasion was observed. The expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), serine/threonine kinase (AKT) signaling pathway related proteins, cell cycle and apoptosis related proteins Cyclin D1, P21 and Bcl-2 were detected by Western blotting analysis.

RESULTSAfter transfected with Ad-p53, the proliferation and invasion of Tca8113 cells were significantly inhibited (P < 0.01) and the apoptosis of Tca8113 cells significantly increased (P < 0.001). The results of Western blotting demonstrated that the protein expression of P53 and P21 significantly increased, Cyclin D1 and Bcl-2 protein expression and phosphorylation of AKT protein significantly decreased (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe AKT signaling pathway may be a key molecular mechanism for proliferation and invasion inhibition of oral squamous cell carcinoma caused by p53. The protein of Cyclin D1, P21 and Bcl-2 may be the downstream targets of AKT signaling pathway. This may provide a new evidence for AKT pathway and downstream targets as a promising therapeutic target for malignant tumors.

Apoptosis ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Proliferation ; Cyclin D1 ; Genes, p53 ; Humans ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; Mouth Neoplasms ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Serine ; Signal Transduction ; Transfection

Aim To identify alteration in key molecular components related to memory formation and insulin signaling in the hippocampus after rosiglitazone was in-jected into the ob/ob mice to test whether cognitive dysfunction was pharmacologically reversed by regula-tion of rosiglitazone. Methods The age-matched mice were divided into three groups ( n=18 ): Saline-trea-ted WT mice ( WT-Saline);Saline-treated ob/ob mice ( ob/ob-Saline) and RSG-treated ob/ob mice ( ob/ob-RSG) through intraperitoneal injection of rosiglitazone ( RSG) . The random glucose levels were measured for 10 days during the intraperitoneal injection period. No-vel object recognition was performed before mice were sacrificed. Western blot was implemented to evaluate the following proteins: BACE1, p-Tau, p-IRS1,IRS1, p-Akt and Akt in hippocampal tissues. The Aβ1-40 levels were detected by ELISA Kit. Results The random blood glucose levels were significantly re-duced in ob/ob-RSG compared with ob/ob-saline. RSG treatment led to an increase in hippocampus-de-pendent cognition of ob/ob mice according to the novel object recognition. The proteins levels of BACE1, p-Tau and Aβ were lowered in RSG-treated ob/ob mice. Furthermore, RSG treatment up-regulated hippocampal p-IRS1/IRS1 and p-Akt/Akt ratio. Conclusion Ros-iglitazone ameliorates cognitive deficits in ob/ob mice through up-regulating insulin signaling pathways in the hippocampus.

Objective To discuss of the therapeutic effects of treating three TCM types of Chronic superficial gastritis (CSG)disharmony of liver and stomach, weakness of the spleen and the stomach, and damp heat in the spleen and the stomach with chinese medicine, and to discuss its impact on the changes of three gastrointestinal hormones-- motilin (MTL), gastrin (GAS), and somatostatin (SS). Methods The data of 150 CSG patients in Shenzhen Bao’an Hospital from Feb, 2011 to Mar, 2013 were selected. These patients belonged to three kinds of syndrome, which was disharmony of liver and stomach, weakness of the spleen and the stomach, and damp heat in the spleen and the stomach, each syndrome had 50 cases. Different Chinese medicines were applied to different syndrome of patients. After one month treatment, the therapeutic effects and the changes of MTL, GAS, SS in these patients were detected by radioimmunoassay. Results After treatment, the total effective rate of the damp heat in the spleen and the stomach syndrome was 94%, the weakness of the spleen and the stomach type was 88%, disharmony of liver and stomach type was 90%, the difference was not statistically significant among the three types(χ2=3.84, P>0.05);after treatment, the serum MTL, SS level of disharmony of liver and stomach, weakness of the spleen and the stomach, and damp heat in the spleen and the stomach type were [damp heat in the spleen and the stomach type were (240.25±7.29)pg/ml, (68.23± 5.97)pg/ml;the weakness of the spleen and the stomach type were (260.16±8.84)pg/ml, (75.35±4.65)pg/ml;disharmony of liver and stomach type were(258.32±15.23)pg/ml, (80.12±7.88)pg/ml] higher than before treatment [damp heat in the spleen and the stomach type were (87.26±7.58)pg/ml, (49.34±4.93)pg/ml;the weakness of the spleen and the stomach type were (67.11±7.81)pg/ml, (57.15±5.11)pg/ml; disharmony of liver and stomach type were (89.26±7.60)pg/ml, (40.63±7.26)pg/ml], and the levels of serum GAS [(156.38±17.36)pg/ml, (146.15±15.56)pg/ml, (140.26±13.37)pg/ml] was lower than before treatment [(274.59 ± 17.82)pg/ml, (320.83 ± 15.02)pg/ml, (216.15 ± 13.77)pg/ml], the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05 or 0.01). Conclusions The changes of three hormones-MTL, GAS, SS can be used as an objective basis for the diagnosis and the judgment of healing efficacy of CSG treated by traditional Chinese medicine.