39 cases of fatally abused children were collected during April,1984 to febraury,1987 in Los Angeless,U.S.A.73 cases of non-abused children were obtained as control.Both eyes of each case were taken and examined histo- pathologically.The intraocular changes occured in 64% of the fatally abused children.They were:Retinal hemorrhage,vitrous hemorrhage,retinal de- tachmedt,papilledema,subdural hemorrhage of the optic nerve and traum- atic cataract.On the other hand,the intraocular changes occured in 28% of control cass,especially in those of traffic and other accidents which usually caused the injuries of head and neck.Considering the intraocular changes and the general injuries together,we suggest that the most important mec- hanism of the intraocular changes be head injuries and whiplash syndrome.

Having collected the skull of a fallen adult victim,and made artificial fractures on an autopsled adult skull as well as on two living dog skulls,we observed the edges of skull fractures under the scanning electron microscope in order to find out the submicroscopic morphologic features of skull fractures aiming at elucidating the mechanism of fracture,and differentiating ante-from post-mortem fractures.Many microfractures were found along the main fracture lines,they extended into the interior of the skull. The width of the microfractures varied from 5 to 100?m.Some of them were located in the external compact bone and some between the outer compact bone and diploe. The rest were found in the diploe in the form of transverse,longitudinal or spiral fractures of bony trabeculae.Collagenous fibre bunches embeded in the bony matrix were broken and separated. The blood vessels inside the skull were crosscut or longitudinary torn by the fracture lines. Sometimes the torn blood vessels were pulled out of the Harversian canals.In antemortem fractures as a results of hemorrhage, there were not only blood clot on the edges of the broken skull, but also hemorrhage into the microfractures. The fibrin networks and red blood cells were easily found in the depths of these cracks.A deductive mechanism of formation of the microfractures and the possibility of differentiation between ante-and post-mortem fractures are discussed.

Localization and estimation of histamine(HA)content in the wound edge in 81cases of SD rats were carried out by microfluorometric method specific for this aminewhich forms a complex with ophthalaedehyde(OPT).At the same time,thedistribution and the density of the mast calls in the same areas were observed byToluidine blue stain.in all skin specimens with antemortem wounds,both the epidermisand upper dermis exhibited extracellular yellowish fluorescente band of the HA-OPTcomplex.The zone spreaded in wound edge with the lapse of time in antemorteminjuries.The content of HA increased gradually up to 30′,and then yellow hista- mine fluorescence in areas 0-200? extended from wound edge decreased.None of thesefeatures could be observed in normal control skin and postmortemin jured skin.themast cell degranulation could be demonstrated in all antemortem injured skin.Nostatistic relationship between the degranulation of mast cell and the HA-OPTfluorescence existed in either ante-or post-mortem injured groups.This study indi-cated that the skin HA microfluoremetry by OPT method has practical value fordistingushing the ante-from post-mortem wounds and for timing antemortem wounds.

Varying doses of cobra crude venom were injected subcutaneously into rats.Formaking frozen and methylaldehyde fixed,paraffin embeded sections,tissues blockswere taken from the injected site muscles,hearts,livers,spleens,lungs,kidneysand diaphragms either immediately,or 6,12,24hrs after death.Tissue sectionswere stained with and ABC-immunocytochemical techniques.On HE stained sections,edema,heamorrhage,congestion were observed.Coludyswelling,necrosis,and breakdown of cells were seen in most of the organs.Nospecific morphological changes has been found.On the frozen sections of the musc-les taken from the injected site,kidneys and livers,the venom has been identifiedby ABC-immunocytochemical staining.Although as little as 2LD_(50) (2mg/kg) venomwas given,it could be demonstrated on the membrane of the muscle even 24 hrs afterdeath.In case of large amount of venom (11LD_(50) ) poisoning,the venom was alsofound in nucleus of liver cells and in the endothelial cells of capillaries of renalglomeruli.The pathogenesie of localization of snake venom in endothelial cells ofrenal glomerular capillaries was discussed,there is No report about the localizationof snake venom in nucleus of liver cells It is a very interesting phenomenonIt is usggested that the ABC-immunocytochemical stain is a sensitive and specificmethodforid entifying sanke venom in tissues of snake biting victims.

Quantitative histochemical demonstration of the nonspecific esterase in injuredskin on 32 Hartly guineapigs and 8 cases of human skin wounds was performed,using a microspectrophotometric scanning technique.In all antemortem incisions andlacerations,including those made at the agonal stage,the nonspecific esterase acti-edvity can be observed in the dermal collagen fibers in the vicinity of the woundedge.The enzyme activities increase with the antermortem duration of the injuries.Both total content and mean concentration of the nonspecific esterase in the woundedge between antemortem and postmortem wound groups are significantly different(P

The Content of LT B_4 in the edge of 36 SD rats were determined by HPLC. It was found that the content of LTB_4 in the anternortem wounds is markedly increased, and has certain linear relationship with time of injury within one hour. No increasing of LTB_4 could be found in the postmortem wounds. It indicates that it is very valuable to estimate time of injury by determining LT B_4 content in wound edge, The content of LTB_4 in wound edge can be determined rapidly and accurately with HPLC.

This paper reports the measurement of thromboxane B2 (TXB2) levels in guinea pig died of anaphylactic shock by the radioimmunassay test (RIST). 1. Statistically significant difference of plasma TXB2 level was existed between the control group (9.63?1.77ng/ml), test group before shock (9.26?3.01ng/ml) and the test group after shock (penicillin group 30.36?10.72ng/ml;serum group 40.10?6.51ng/ml) (P

This paper reports the detection of IgE antibodies in animals died of anaphylactie shock by enzyme--linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The total IgE level in serum of shock group was significantly higher than that of control group(P

[Objective]To investigate effect of PBL-Seminar teaching method in pharmacy.[Methods] Take 40 masters of pharmacy major from Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, and 20 of them as test group(with PBL-Seminar teaching method) and others as control group(with traditional teaching method).With advanced pharmaceutics as an example, final y using the questionnaire to evaluate the teaching effect of the course. [Results] Compared with the control group, the test group shows increase significantly in cognitive depth of the major, learning initiative, awareness of the team, satisfaction of the teaching atmosphere. [Conclusion] The PBL-Seminar teaching method is innovative and effective, which effectively improves the students' initiatives and cognitive ability, and helps students to adapt to society.

Objective] To establish the quality evaluation of col ege entrepreneurship education. [Methods] Based on the relevant research at home and abroad,this paper establishes the quality evaluation index system of col ege entrepreneurship education, and AHP is applied to weigh the grade assessment indexes. [Results] This paper constructs a comprehensive evaluation index system ,including 4 first level indexes, 10 second level indexes, 40 third level indexes. The first level indexes are the course, the teachers, the students and the environment. The weight of those indexes separately is 0.0938,0.1745,0.5086,0.2231 respectively. [Conclusion]This paper provides the basis of constructing a perfect quality evaluation system of col ege entrepreneurship education,which is of positive significance to provide policy basis.