Objective: To explore children's self-concept differences in age,sex and area during early adolescence.Methods: 533 children aged from 8 to 13 years were surveyed with the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale.Results: ①Children's self-concept as well as its six components developed unequally as age grew.Significant differences existed in the Intellectual and School Status Subscale and the Physical Appearance and Attributes Subscale among children of different ages.②Girls did significantly better than boys in Behavior,Intellectual and School Status and Popularity subscales.③Children in urban areas scored significantly higher than those from the countryside in Physical Appearance and Attributes Subscale.Conclusion: There is certain uniqueness in children's general self-concept as well as its different components,according to children's ages,sexes and areas during early adolescence.

Objective The purpose of this study was to examine the status quo of the perceptions of professional benefits in the clinical teachers of nursing,analyze the influencing factors and put forward effective measures to improve it.Methods A convenience sample of 117 nurse preceptors in 4 teaching hospitals participated by completing a two-part questionnaire the Preceptor's Perception of Benefits and Rewards Scale and a demographic questionnaire.Results The total average score of benefits and rewards to the preceptor role was(63.64±9.93) points,low than the study done by Hyrkas(2007) in American.Nurse preceptors in different nursing unit felt different benefits and rewards to the preceptor role.Medicine unit and surgical unit were higher than Pediatrics unit.The longer time of being preceptor,the higher score of benefits and rewards to the preceptor role.Conclusions The score of benefits and rewards to the preceptor role is low.Hospitals should increase support for clinical teaching program,particularly pediatrics.Nurse managers should adjust promotion opportunities,workload,rewards of nurse preceptors to meet the needs of nurses in clinical teaching and to improve teaching effectiveness.

Zinc-finger protein X-linked is a member of zinc finger protein family.Its abnormal expression has been found in a variety of stem cells and malignant tumor cells.Recent studies have shown that it plays an important role in stem cell self-renewal and cancer cell proliferation,apoptosis and migration.

Objective To investigate the effects of high-fat diet on the formation of colorectal adenomas in rats.Methods Twenty Wistar rats were evenly divided into two groups,one group were fed with common food and the other group were fed with high fat-diet.The rats of two groups were intraperitoneally injected with 1,2-dimethyl-hydrazine (DMH) (40 mg/kg) once a week for 10 consecutive weeks.Rats with common diet and DMH were assigned to SDT group,and those with high-fat diet and DMH were assigned to HFDT group.The expression of Ki-67 was detected by immunohistochemistry and the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and cyclooxy-genase 2 (COX2) was detected by immunofluorescence.The levels of serum triglyceride,cholesterol,insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1),insulin,leptin and tumor necrosis factor-α were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Student's t test and Mann-Whitney test were performed for statistical analysis.Results At the 18th week,the numbers of Ki-67 positive cells of SDT group and HFDT group were 24.00± 1.84 and 75.17 ± 3.17,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (t=13.960,P＜0.01).The fluorescence intensity of PCNA of SDT group and HFDT group was 213.70±21.61 and 333.30±30.44,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (t =4.987,P＜0.01).The levels of serum triglyceride of SDT group and HFDT group were (0.43 ± 0.05) mmol/L and (1.14±0.07) mmol/L,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (t=8.366,P＜0.01).The levels of cholesterol were (3.75±0.'26) pmol/L and (7.77±0.79) pmol/L,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (t=4.851,P＜0.01).Conclusion High-fat diet can promote the genesis and development of adnomas through influencing the body's endocrine metabolism,increasing cell proliferation cycle and regulating inflammatory reaction.

As a crucial part of the DNA damage repair process,the expression of excision repair cross-complementing group 1 (ERCC1 )is closely related to the genesis and development of gastric cancer.Studies find that ERCC1 gene polymorphism can alter the expression of the gene itself,which affects the sensitivity and efficacy of platinum-based chemotherapy.Therefore,the detection of ERCC1 polymorphism may guide the indi-vidualized chemotherapy of the patients with gastric cancer.

0.05). Psychogenic mental disorders were resulted from organic brain damage, while non-phychogenic mental disorders were found in cases of brain functional in-jury. Among which brain contusion and laceration occupied 54.8% , concussion 21.4% and brain stem in-jury 16.7%. The difference was very significant between the above two types (P

Objective To investigate the present situation of quality of life in the elderly residents aged more than 60 years in Zhanjiang city and to analyze its influence factors .Methods 418 elderly residents over 60 years sampled by the random sampling in Zhanjiang city were performed the questionnaire survey by using the Chinese Scale of World Health Organization QOL (WHOQOL-BREF) .Results The quality of life in the physical ,psychological and environmental fields in male residents was higher than that in the female residents ;which in the psychological and environmental fields in the high cultural level residents was higher than that in the low cultural level residents ;which in the social relations field in the high income residents was higher than that in the low in-come residents ;there were no statistical differences in the quality of life among the elderly residents with different occupations be-fore retirement and marital status ;the Logistic regression analysis showed that gender and occupation were the influence factors of quality of life self evaluation in elderly residents .Conclusion Gender ,occupation ,educational level and income level are the influ-ence factors of quality of life in elderly residents .

Objective To investigate the biotransformation of podophyllotoxin by cell suspension culture and root culture systems of Rheum palmatum.Methods Plant tissue culture technology was employed.The products were isolated by silica gel column chromatography and their structures were elucidated by spectral methods.Results Adding of podophyllotoxin had no obvious effects on the pH value of cell suspension culture and root culture systems of R.palmatum.In the case of present study,73.8% of podophyllotoxin was converted by cell suspension culture and 56.3% by root culture.The products were different between the two culture system.Podophyllotoxin was converted into picropodophyllin with cell suspension culture system and many other products besides epipodophyllotoxin with root culture system.Conclusion Both of cell suspension culture and root culture systems of R.palmatum are able to convert podophyllotoxin.

AIM: To establish a sensitive method for quantitative determination of astragaloside Ⅳ (AGS-Ⅳ) in plasma and a preliminary evaluation of its pharmacokinetics parameters in intact rats. METHODS: A liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) was applied for determining AGS-Ⅳ in plasma by using digoxin as the internal standard (I.S.). Six rats were given AGS-Ⅳ 2.0 mg/kg by intravenous infusion for 5 min. Blood samples were drawn intermittently with each intact rat from left femoral artery at 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 10, 14 and 24 h after medication. The samples were prepared by solid phase extraction and analyzed through a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospary probe. The samples were monitored in selected ion recording (SIR) mode of positive ions by using target ions at m/z 807.5 for AS- Ⅳand at m/z 803.5 for I.S. RESULTS: Calibration curves were linear over the ranges 1-1 000 ng/mL for AGS-Ⅳ (r=0.9992). The intra-and inter-day assay variability values were less than 6% and 8%, respectively. Extraction recoveries from plasma were 92.8%-98.4% for AGS-Ⅳ and 80.0%-90.9% for digoxin, respectively. The lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) for AGS-Ⅳ was 0.5 ng/mL. The concentration-time curves of AGS-Ⅳ for each rat were fitted to an open two-compartment model by CAPP program. The pharmacokinetics parameters of AGS-Ⅳ were as following: the elimination half-life (t1/2β), clearance rate (CL), distribution volume at steady state (Vss), and AUC0-∞ were (3.46±0.52) h, (0.47±0.02) L/h, (0.76±0.16) L/kg and (4.27±0.19) μg·mL-1·h, respectively. CONCLUSION: These results show that this method is satisfied for the measurements of pharmacokinetics study for AGS-Ⅳ.

Objective SD rats were immuned with the transgenic tomatoes which carried fused gene of a region of PAc Strep-tococcus mutants and cholera toxin B subunit.The immunogenicity was tested to explore secure and economic edible vaccines a-gainst dental caries.Methods A total of 18 eighteen-day-old female SD rats were subdivided randomly into three groups:the exper-imental group which were fed with transgenic tomato juice containing chimaera protein PAcP/CTB;the positive control group which were treated with deactivated S.mutans;the negative control group which were not treated with transgenic tomato juice.Rats were immuned once per week for four weeks.Blood and saliva were collected at one day before the first immunity and one week after each immunization.IgG of blood serum and SIgA of saliva were detected using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (indirect ELISA) testing.On day 70,rats were terminated.The maxillary and mandibular bones were subsequently taken out to count dental caries′scores.Results Post immunization,the experimental group and the positive control group had statistical significant levels of speci-ficity IgG in serum and SIgA in saliva compared to the negative control group (P <0.05).There was a significance difference be-tween the experimental group and the negative control group except in Dx levels of caries loss (P <0.05).Conclusion The targeted protein expressed on the transgenic tomatoes is immunogenic,which can effectively induce mucous membrane immune response and the systematical immunoreaction to suppress the occurrence of the dental caries.