Objective To investigate the changes of blood glucose and insulin after intake of staple food containing potato,sorghum or wheat in healthy adults. Methods This study had a cross-over design. A total of 12 healthy adults were recruited and randomly averaged into 3 groups. After fasting for 10 hours,all the subjects were treated with steamed buns of potato,sorghum and wheat flours(100 g in raw flour),respectively. Serum glucose,insulin,triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC)and uric acid(SUA) were measured at fasting,0.5 h,1 h,2 h and 3 h. After a wash period for 3 days,subjects crossed over to alternate group at second intervention and third intervention on the 5 th and 9 th day. During each intervention,the entire above index were tested. Results Postprandial insulin levels at 3 h was significantly higher in the potato steamed buns group(4.74 μU/ml)than in the sorghum steamed buns (1.65 μU/ml)group(P =0.028). There were no statistical differences in blood glucose and fasting,0.5 h,1 h,2 h insulin level. Conclusion Postprandial insulin level at 3 h was higher in potato flour steamed buns than in sorghum flour steamed buns.

Objective To analyze the therapeutic effect of emergency surgery in the treatment of severe valvular heart disease and its influence on heart function.Methods 87 cases with severe valvular heart disease were selected,and they were given emergency surgical treatment.Before and after treatment,the cardiac function index[end -diastolic volume (EDV),end-systolic volume (ESV),left ventricular end systolic volume index (LVESVI),left ventricular end-diastolic volume index (LVEDVI),left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)],postoperative complications and survival rate were compared.Results After treatment,the EDV [(125.78 ± 31.67) mL],ESV [(71.30 ± 16.58) mL] and LVESVI [(50.39 ± 13.30) mL/m2],LVEDVI [(88.74 ± 13.51) mL/m2],LVEF [(51.48 ± 12.73) ％] were better than those before treatment [(116.48 ± 28.94) mL,(63.26 ± 15.47) mL,(33.27 ± 8.54) mL/m2,(64.47 ± 12.69)mL/m2,(47.53 ± 11.20)％],the differences were statistically significant (t =2.022,2.022,3.307,12.213,2.173,all P ＜ 0.05).The incidence rate of complications was 24.14％ (21/87),included arrhythmia in 4 cases,low cardiac output syndrome in 8 cases,acute renal failure in 9 cases.Postoperative 1 year,2 years,the survival rates were 91.95％ (80/87),85.06％ (74/87),respectively.Conclusion Emergency surgical treatment for severe valvular heart disease can effectively improve cardiac function index,improve the survival rate.

Since the first paper reported the finding of genetic variation contributing to human age-related macular de?generation by genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 2005, large number of human complex diseases associated genetic variants have been identified through GWAS method. However, the biological function of these genetic variants is not very clear. The present paper reviewed the methods of fine-mapping and the progress of the functional studies for these suscepti?bility variants. In the post GWAS Era, the study of genetic mechanisms can help us to understand the disease pathogenesis.

Objective To observe the survival of EAE rats after recombinant adenovirus NgR specific RNA interference(Ad-shRNA-NgR) transfected the brain tissue of the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE),and provide the basis for EAE intervention.Methods EAE rats were randomly divided into high,medium,low and control groups(20 rats in each group).The lateral ventricle of EAE rats were injected with a titer of 1×1011 pfu/mL,1×1010 pfu/mL and 1×109 pfu/mL Ad-shRNA-NgR.The survival of EAE rats at third and seventh days after injection was observed.Results The survival rate of EAE rats of the high titer group was significantly lower than those of the middle titer group and low titer group at third and seventh days after Ad-shRNA-NgR transfected into EAE brain tissue.There was no significant difference in survival rate in middle titer group,low titer group and control group.Conclusion The titer of Ad-shRNA-NgR is safe in the experiment of EAE rats from 1×1010 pfu/mL to the range of 1×109 pfu/mL.

Objective To examine the white matter microstructure alternations in the patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) with diffusion weighted imaging.Methods 19 patients with GAD and 20 matched healthy controls were assessed using apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and exponential apparent diffusion coefficient (eADC) in the regions of interests (ROIs) approach.The ROIs were the white matter of bilateral cingulate and bilateral hippocampus.Results Significantly increased ADC values were found in GAD patients (0.78±0.02,0.79±0.03) with respect to normal controls in the right and left anterior cingulate white matter.Significantly decreased eADC values were found in GAD patients (0.46±0.01,0.45±0.01) in the right and left anterior cingulate white matter.Conclusion Diffuse cingulate white matter alterations on DWI in GAD denote the disruption of white matter integrity.

BACKGROUND: Due to dentition defect, dentition loss, periodontal disease, trauma and tumor, many patients have to face insufficient buccal-lingual mandibular width. At present, there is no consistent conclusion in suitable peri-implant buccal-lingual mandibular width. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the stress of implant-bone interface with three-dimensional finite element method, in order to evaluate buccal-lingual mandibular width suitable for implants. METHODS: Classes Ⅰ and Ⅲ mandible implant models (the buccal-lingual width of implant neck region was 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3 and 3.5 mm) were loaded with 200 N forces vertical y and at 60° oblique. Then, the stress and strain in the implant-bone interfacial were analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Almost 2 mm or more than 2 mm of mandible bone width could result in good stress distribution in implant-bone interface. The stress distribution of oblique loading was much greater than that of vertical loading. Proper quantity of peri-implant mandibular width is good for stress distribution in implant-bone interface. In the clinical treatment, the oblique loading should be avoided or reduced.

Objectives To understand the status of wild feces distribution and pollution in schistosomiasis endemic areas in Yunnan Province. Methods According to the distribution of Oncomelania hupensis snails and characteristics of human and ani-mal activities in recent five years 6 schistosomiasis endemic villages in Weishan Nanjian and Midu counties 2 villages each county were selected as the investigated areas and more than 4 hm2 area with snails around each village were investigated for the types and densities of wild feces. The schistosome infested feces was detected with the hatching method. Results Totally 63 hm2 were investigated and 420 wild feces were found in all kinds of environments. The densities of wild feces were 0.066 7 piles/100 m2 and the densities of wild feces of the road and the hillside were the highest 0.098 7 piles/100 m2 and 0.088 0 piles/100 m2 respectively . Totally 260 fresh wild feces were collected including the feces of human being cattle horse dog sheep and pig and the feces of cattle and dog was the most 37.38%and 30.71% respectively . No schistosome positive feces was found. Conclusions There are a lot of wild feces in snail areas in Yunnan Province and the risk of schistosomiasis transmission is still high. Therefore we should strengthen the banning grazing measures and the investigation of dogs.

Objective To investigate the treatment effects of dahuang gancao decoction on lung Injury complicated by acute necrotizing pancreatitis and explore its mechanism. Methods 90 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, namely sham-operated group (SO), ANP group (ANP), dahuang gancao decoction treatment group (DG). 4% sodium taurocholate was injected into the pancreatic duct to induce ANP. Dahuang gancao decoction(0.25 g/ml) 0.6 ml/100 g weight was gavaged in the DG group, the same volume of normal saline was gavaged in the SO and ANP group, which was repeated 12 h later. After 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, all rats were sacrificed, pancreas and lung tissues were harvested to observe the pathological changes and the pathological changes were scored. IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α levels of serum and lung tissue were measured,and the changes of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression in lung tissue was determined by immunohistochemical method. Results 12 h after ANP induction, the serum levels of IL-6 in SO, ANP, DG group were (14.4±4.0)pg/ml, (171.4 ±41.3)pg/ml, (156.9 ±34.7)pg/ml; the serum levels of IL-10 were (13.7 ±4.5)pg/ml, (120.5 ±23.7)pg/ml, (148.3 ±44.4)pg/ml; the serum levels of TNF-α were (22.4 ±4.7)pg/ml, (261.3 ±51.4)pg/ml, (235.3 ±45.9)pg/ml; the lung tissue levels of IL-6 were (257.3 ±55.9)pg/ml,(2578.3 ±403.0)pg/ml,(2370.0 ±491.0)pg/ml; the lung tissue levels of IL-10 were (80.8 ±20. 8)pg/g, (642.0 ± 107.3)pg/g, (695.3 ± 151.7) pg/g, the lung tissue levels of TNF-α were (207.6 ±98.6)pg/g, (1769.1 ±635.6) pg/g, (1401.1 ±450.5) pg/g; the pancreas pathological scores were 0, 7.00 ±1.33, 6.30 ± 0.95; the lung pathological scores were 0, 6.30 ± 1.42, 5.60 ± 0.97; the expressions of TLR4in lung tissue were 0.09 ± 0. 03, 0.59 ± 0. 09, 0. 52 ± 0. 08. The values in the ANP and DG groups were significantly higher than those in SO group (P < 0. 01 ); except for IL-10, all values in the DG groups were significantly lower than those in ANP group (P < 0.05); there was a positive association between lung and pancreas scores (r =0.807, P<0.01), and lung score was positively associated with the expression of TLR4(r = 0.519, P < 0.01 ). Conclusions Dahuang ganeao decoction may quickly improve lung injury complivated by ANP. The mechanism may involve inhibiting the expression of TLR4 and down-regulating the expression of IL-6, TNF-α, up-regulating the. Expression of IL-10.

Objective To investigate the effect of electroacupuncture at point Fenglong(ST40) on the expressions of macrophage surface antigen CD11b and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in hyperlipidemia rats. Method Forty healthy SD rats were randomly allocated to normal control, high fat diet, high fat+common diet, high fat diet and treatment, and high fat+common diet and treatment groups. After 28 days of treatment with electroacupuncture at point Fenglong, blood lipid levels, namely, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) contents were measured in every group of rats. The expressions of peritoneal macrophage surface antigen CD11b and ICAM-1 were examined using flow cytometry (FCM) in every group of rats. Result Plasma TC and LDL-C increased significantly in the high fat diet group of rats compared with the normal control group (P<0.01). In the high fat+common diet group of rats, serum TC and LDL-C decreased significantly in comparison with the high fat diet group (P<0.01) but increased significantly in comparison with the normal control group (P<0.01). After treatment with electroacupuncture at point Fenglong, rat plasma TC and LDL-C decreased significantly (P<0.01) and TG and HDL-C did not change significantly (P>0.05). The expression rates of macrophage CD11b and ICAM-1 increased significantly in the high fat diet group of rats compared with the normal group (P<0.01). In the high fat+common diet group of rats, the expression rates of macrophage CD11b and ICAM-1 decreased significantly in comparison with the high fat diet group (P<0.05) but increased significantly in comparison with the normal group (P<0.01). The expression rates of CD11b and ICAM-1 decreased significantly in the high fat diet and treatment group compared with the high fat diet group (P<0.01) and decreased significantly in the high fat+common diet and treatment group compared with the high fat+common diet group (P<0.01) and the high fat diet and treatment group (P<0.01). Correlation analysis showed that CD11b and ICAM-1 levels had a significantly positive correlation (r=0.947, P<0.01). Conclusion Electroacupuncture at point Fenglong can significantly down-regulate blood fat TC and LDL-C levels and the expressions of macrophage CD11b and ICAM-1 in hyperlipidemia rats. It has a certain therapeutic effect on hyperlipidemia.

Objective To explore the practicality and feasibility and evaluation of the team based learning method (TBL) combined with the clinical pathway leaning method (CP) in clinical teaching of department of gynecology and obstetrics. Methods Toltally 40 clinical specialist interns selected for the study were randomly divided into two groups (each 20) respectively, using TBL com-bined with CP teaching method and traditional teaching method, and to make analysis and comparisons on the above two teaching methods. Differences were compared with t testing. Meanwhile, a question-naire survey was carried out among students of TBL combined with CP teaching group for qualitative analysis of the implementation effect of TBL combined with CP pedagogy. (Qualitative analysis is the medical students' evaluation of teaching effect, without further statistical processing). Results The professional test results of TBL combined with CP teaching team were superior to the traditional teach-ing group [(83.95 ±7.63) vs. (72.00 ±5.26)] and the difference was significant by paired t tests and analysis (t=5.063,P<0.05). The knowledge contest results of TBL combined with CP teaching team were superior to the traditional teaching group(90 vs. 85,95 vs. 75,85 vs. 70). TBL combined with CP method has been recognized by 90% medical students and they think that most of their quality has been further improved. Conclusions TBL combined with CP method for the clinical teaching of de-partment of gynecology and obstetrics is practical and feasible, and should be widely applied.