Objective Through the study of medical services cost accounting , we want to find the laws and provide a theoretical basis for government departments to develop standards of medical service prices and control health care costs . Methods On the basis of department cost accounting, we use financial accounting software, to provide medical service items for collection and sharing in accordance with the project income ratio , workload standards.Results Dialysis the three costs dominate factors, the proportion of disposable materials (60.03%)is the key factor affecting the cost.Conclusion Hygiene material spending accounted for a larger proportion of total expenditure , in order to effectively control the medical expense in dialysis patients, efforts should be made to reduce the cost of hemodialysis consumables.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between MEK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signal transduction pathway and CX3CR1 in the spinal dorsal horns in a rat model of bone cancer pain (BCP).Methods Fifty female Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 150-180 g,were randomly divided into 5 groups (n =10 each):sham operation group (group Ⅰ),BCP group (group Ⅱ),sham operation + U0126 group (group Ⅲ),BCP+ 5％ dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group (group Ⅳ),BCP + U0126 (MEK inhibitor) group (group Ⅴ).BCP was induced by inoculating Walker 256 mammary gland carcinoma cells into the medullary cavity of the left tibia.In Ⅲ and Ⅴ groups,U0126 10 μg/10 μl was injected intrathecally once a day starting from day 10 after inoculation to day 12 after inoculation,while the equal volume of 5％ DMSO was injected in group Ⅳ.Mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) was measured at 1 day before inoculation (baseline),3,6,9,and 10 days after inoculation,and after administration on 11 and 12 days after inoculation.The rats were sacrificed after administration on day 12 after inoculation and the L4.6 segments of the spinal cord were removed for determination of CX3CR1 expression in spinal dorsal horns (by Western blot and immunohistochemistry).Results Compared with Ⅰ and Ⅲ groups,MWT was significantly decreased at 6-12 days after inoculation,and the expression of CX3CR1 in spinal dorsal horns was up-regulated in Ⅱ,Ⅳ and Ⅴ groups (P ＜0.01).Compared with Ⅱ and Ⅳ groups,MWT was significantly increased at 10-12 days after inoculation,and the expression of CX3CR1 in spinal dorsal horns was down-regulated (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion MEK/ERK signal transduction pathway in the spinal dorsal horns is involved in the development and maintenance of BCP in rats possibly through regulating the expression of CX3CR1.

Objective To observe the survival of EAE rats after recombinant adenovirus NgR specific RNA interference(Ad-shRNA-NgR) transfected the brain tissue of the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE),and provide the basis for EAE intervention.Methods EAE rats were randomly divided into high,medium,low and control groups(20 rats in each group).The lateral ventricle of EAE rats were injected with a titer of 1×1011 pfu/mL,1×1010 pfu/mL and 1×109 pfu/mL Ad-shRNA-NgR.The survival of EAE rats at third and seventh days after injection was observed.Results The survival rate of EAE rats of the high titer group was significantly lower than those of the middle titer group and low titer group at third and seventh days after Ad-shRNA-NgR transfected into EAE brain tissue.There was no significant difference in survival rate in middle titer group,low titer group and control group.Conclusion The titer of Ad-shRNA-NgR is safe in the experiment of EAE rats from 1×1010 pfu/mL to the range of 1×109 pfu/mL.

Objective To determine the expressions of miR-200a, miR-141, miR-205 and miR-34a in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) samples and to explore their clinical significance. Methods According to FIGO staging, 44 EOC pa?tients were divided into two groups:early FIGO stage (stageⅠ-Ⅱ, n=15) and late FIGO stage (stageⅢ-Ⅳ, n=29). Expres?sions of 4 miRNAs were detected by real time quantitative PCR, and were compared between two groups. The correlation of 4 miRNAs was calculated. EOC patients were divided into high miRNA expression group and low expression group according to the median value of miRNAs expression. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox multivariate analysis were used to com?pare the age, FIGO state, tumor residual after operation and post-operative chemotherapy of ovarian cancer between two groups. Results The expression of miR-141 was elevated in stagesⅢandⅣcompared with that of stagesⅠand Ⅱ(P=0.036). There was a positive correlation between expression of miR-141, miR-200a and miR-205, but a negative correlation with miR-34a (P<0.05). There was a positive correlation between miR-200a and miR-205 (P<0.05). Lower miR-200a ex?pression was associated with shorter progress free survival in ovarian cancer analyzed by log-rank test ( P=0.035). The sur?vival rate was significantly higher in FIGO stages ⅠandⅡthan that of FIGO stagesⅢandⅣ(P<0.05). Cox regression analysis revealed that miR-200a, FIGO stage and age were influential factors of overall survival time and progress-free sur?vival time of ovarian cancer, while miR-141, miR-205, miR-34a and tumor residual after operation and post-operative che?motherapy were not influential factors. Conclusion The expression of miR-200a is closely correlated with the progress and prognosis of ovarian cancer and may be used as an independent indicator for ovarian cancer prognosis.

Thyroid function ultimately depends on appropriate iodine supply to the gland. Thyroid hormone deiodination is an intrinsic component of the thyroid hormone homeostasis. Type Ⅰ iodothyronine deiodinase (D1) plays an important role in thyroid hormone metabolism and has close relationship with thyroid function. Based on successfully establishing animal models of iodine deficiency and iodine excess in Babl/c mice (Babl/c mice were randomly divided into five groups: low iodine (LI), normal iodine (NI), five-fold iodine (5HI) , ten-fold iodine (10HI) and fifty-fold iodine (50HI) group. Three months and six months after admistration, they were sacrificed and thyroids were excised), the expression level of D1 mRNA were examined by using real time quantitative PCR method. D1 activity was analyzed by 125I-rT3 as substrate combined with ion-exchange chromatography. The thyroid hormone was measured with radioimmunoassay method. The data revealed that in the case of iodine deficiency, both D1 mRNA expression and D1 activity was greatly increased(compared with NI groups, P

Aim To develop a new method for easy endotrache-al intubation and instillation in mice. Methods Relying on the endoscope of cold light and gel loading tips, a new method was set up for intubated operations. Under high magnification, oper-ations of endotracheal intubation and instillation were completed in mice. Twenty male CB17-SCID mice ( between 24 and 28 g) were repeatedly intubated and instilled with 80 μL suspensions of air polluted fine particulate matters in a week. Results The twenty mice were sacrificed after 24h of the last instillation. The dispersions of the air polluted fine particulate matters were found at the bottoms of tracheas and in both the left and right lungs in all mice. Conclusion Using the endoscope of cold light and gel loading tips, a new method for tracheal instillation is set up in mice, which is rapid, simple and has good repeatability. It could be widely applied for the endotracheal intubation and in-stillation in mice.

Objective To explore the changes of cardiac structure and function in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM)rats so as to detect the level of angiotensinⅡ (AngⅡ)in blood and the myocardium and illuminate the role of AngⅡ in DCM.Methods We randomly divided 30 SD rats into control group and DCM group (which received a single injection of streptozotocin,65 mg/kg).The changes of cardiac structure and function were observed by ultrasonic cardiogram at the end of 16 weeks after injection.Then the changes in the myocardium were also analyzed by using hemotoxylin and eosin staining and Sirius red staining.The level of AngⅡ in blood was tested by radioimmunoassay.The expression of AngⅡ in the myocardium was detected by immunofluorescence. Results Compared with those of the controls,the hearts were dilated in DCM rats accompanied with cardiac dysfunction.There were significant increases in LVEDd,LVESd,LVEDv,and LVESv but decrease in LVEF (P <0.05).There were arrangement disorder and hypertrophic cardiomyocytes in DCM.Then the fibrosis area of DCM was significantly increased compared with that of the controls.The level of AngⅡ in blood and myocardium was significantly higher in DCM than in controls.At the same time,Pearson analysis revealed that the level of AngⅡ in blood was positively related to the collagen content of myocardium (r =0.907,P <0.05).Conclusion Our study provides experimental evidence that AngⅡ plays an important role in myocardial fibrosis of DCM.

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To observe the effect of high glucose on the protein expression of calreticulin ( CRT) and its association with cell apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction in the cardiomyocytes.METHODS: AC-16 cardiomyocytes were randomly divided into normal glucose group, high glucose group, high glucose+CRT siRNA group and isotonic con-trol group.The cell apoptotic rate, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential level, respiratory enzyme activity, and protein expression of CRT were observed.RESULTS: Compared with the cardiomyocytes in normal glucose group, the apoptotic rate and ROS production of cardiomyocytes increased in high glucose group, accompanying with the decreases in the mitochondrial membrane potential level and enzyme activitiy of the respiratory chain.The protein expression of CRT was significantly increased in high glucose group.However, compared with high glucose group, high glucose+CRT siRNA decreased the expression of CRT and attenuated the damage of mitochondria, but CRT siRNA did not reduce the ROS level in cardiomyocytes.CONCLUSION:High glucose brings about CRT over-expression to induce mito-chondrial injury, thus increasing myocardial apoptosis.

This study was aimed to explore pharmacological effects of epimedium pubescen flavonoid (EPF) on biomechanical properties among ovariectomized rats. Sixty female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (aged 2-month-old) were randomly divided into six groups (n = 10), which were the sham control group (Group A), the model group (GroupB), the standard group (Group C), the treated 1 group (Group D), the treated 2 group (Group E), and the treated 3 group (Group F). Except the sham control group (Group A), rats in other groups had been ovariectomized. All rats were given the same feedstuff. Meanwhile, Group C was given calcium 75 mg·kg-1 combined with VitD3 21 IU·kg-1 by gastrogavage every day for 4 months; Group D was given EPF 75 mg·kg-1; Group E was given EPF 150 mg·kg-1;Group F was given EPF 300 mg·kg-1. At the end of the 4th month, all rats were sacrificed. Bones, which included tibia, femur and humerus of both sides and all lumbar vertebra bodies, had been taken out. Measurement was made on the elastic modulus, maximum loading capability, maximum stress, potential energy of deformation, and structural rigidity of biomechanical properties of the fourth lumbar vertebra body (LV4); the maximum loading capability, bone break load, potential energy of deformation, structural rigidity of the structural dynamics properties of the femur com-pact bone; the elastic modulus, maximum stress, maximum inherent strain, bone break stress, and bone break strain of the mechanical properties of a material of the femur compact bone in the experimental rats. The results showed that compared with Group B, the elastic modulus, maximum loading capability, maximum stress, potential energy of deformation, and structural rigidity of LV4; the maximum loading capability, bone break load, potential energy of de-formation, structural rigidity of the structural dynamics properties of the femur compact bone; the elastic modulus, maximum stress, maximum inherent strain, and bone break strain of the mechanical properties of a material of the fe-mur compact bone were obviously increased in Group A, D, E and F (P< 0.05). Group C had increasing tendency. There were no statistical differences among Group A, C, D, E and F. Group D, E, and F had increased with EPF dose-dependently. However, there were no statistical differences among them. There were no statistical differences on bone break strain of the mechanical properties of a material of the femur compact bone among Group A, C, D, E, and F. It showed that ovariectomization reduced the biomechanical properties of vertebra bodies, structural dynamics properties of the femur compact bone, and the mechanical properties of a material of the femur compact bone. The application of EPF can effectively prevent and treat the decreasing of biomechanical properties of ovariectomized rats, so as to keep them in a relatively higher level.

ObjectiveToinvestigatetheeffectandmechanismofaChinesetraditionalprescription,YuebiBanxia decoction, on allergic asthma in mice by observing the changes of serum immunoglobulin E ( IgE ) and lung tissue superoxide dismutase ( SOD) activity in the mouse model of allergic asthma .Methods Forty healthy Kunming mice were randomly divided into normal control group , asthma model group , dexamethasone intervention group and Chinese medicine preparation group .The mouse model of asthma was generated by peritoneal injection of ovalbumin ( OVA) and suspension of aluminium hydroxide .The mice of traditional Chinese medicine group received Yuebi Banxia decoction in a dose of 1 mL/100 g, daily for 30 days.The mice of dexamethasone group were given intraperitoneal injection of dexamethasone 1 mg/kg.The normal control group and asthma model group were given gastric gavage of physiological saline.After 30 days administration, the serum levels of IgE and SOD activity of lung tissue were determined , and the pathological changes of lung tissue were observed using HE staining .Results The mice of traditional Chinese medicine preparation group showed significantly decreased serum IgE level , and significantly increased SOD activity than those of the asthma model group mice (P<0.05 for both).Conclusions Reduced serum IgE and increased SOD activity in the lung tissue of mice with allergic asthma , improving the antioxidant ability of lung tissue , may be involved in the anti-allergic asthma mechanism of the Chinese traditional prescription Yuebi Banxia decoction .