[Objective] To observe the effect of Chai Qin Pingwei Capsule (CQPC) on gastric mucosal cell apoptosis and regulatory genes in rats with bile reflux gastritis. [ Methods ] Wistar rats were randomized into 6 groups: sham-operation group (A), model group (B) , CQPC groups in the dosages of 16.66 (high) ,8.33 (moderate), and 4.17 (low) g/kg respectively (C, D and E respectively), Xiao Chaihu Granules group in the dosage of 10g/kg (F). Except the sham-operation group, the rats in other groups received B- II gastrojejunostomy to induce bile reflux gastritis and were treated with gastric gavage of corresponding drugs according to the experimental design for 4 weeks. Effects of CQPC on gastric mucosal cell apoptosis and the expression of p53 mRNA, Bax and Bcl-2 were observed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), hybridization in situ and immunohistochemistry method. [Results] Bile reflux in the model group caused the increase of gastric mucosal cell apoptosis, the up-regulation of wild-type p53 mRNA and Bax protein expression, and the down-regulation of Bcl-2 protein expression, the difference being significant as compared with the sham-operation group (P

Objective To investigate the effect of electroacupuncture at point Fenglong(ST40) on the expressions of macrophage surface antigen CD11b and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in hyperlipidemia rats. Method Forty healthy SD rats were randomly allocated to normal control, high fat diet, high fat+common diet, high fat diet and treatment, and high fat+common diet and treatment groups. After 28 days of treatment with electroacupuncture at point Fenglong, blood lipid levels, namely, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) contents were measured in every group of rats. The expressions of peritoneal macrophage surface antigen CD11b and ICAM-1 were examined using flow cytometry (FCM) in every group of rats. Result Plasma TC and LDL-C increased significantly in the high fat diet group of rats compared with the normal control group (P<0.01). In the high fat+common diet group of rats, serum TC and LDL-C decreased significantly in comparison with the high fat diet group (P<0.01) but increased significantly in comparison with the normal control group (P<0.01). After treatment with electroacupuncture at point Fenglong, rat plasma TC and LDL-C decreased significantly (P<0.01) and TG and HDL-C did not change significantly (P>0.05). The expression rates of macrophage CD11b and ICAM-1 increased significantly in the high fat diet group of rats compared with the normal group (P<0.01). In the high fat+common diet group of rats, the expression rates of macrophage CD11b and ICAM-1 decreased significantly in comparison with the high fat diet group (P<0.05) but increased significantly in comparison with the normal group (P<0.01). The expression rates of CD11b and ICAM-1 decreased significantly in the high fat diet and treatment group compared with the high fat diet group (P<0.01) and decreased significantly in the high fat+common diet and treatment group compared with the high fat+common diet group (P<0.01) and the high fat diet and treatment group (P<0.01). Correlation analysis showed that CD11b and ICAM-1 levels had a significantly positive correlation (r=0.947, P<0.01). Conclusion Electroacupuncture at point Fenglong can significantly down-regulate blood fat TC and LDL-C levels and the expressions of macrophage CD11b and ICAM-1 in hyperlipidemia rats. It has a certain therapeutic effect on hyperlipidemia.

Objective To prepare recombinant human adenovirus type 3 expressing Norovirus cap-sid protein gene(Noro-orf2). Methods The cDNA for Noro-orf2 was amplifed by RT-PCR from stool of in-fantile gastroenteritis and cloned into the adenovirus shuttle vector pBSE3CMV-egfp. The vector pBSE3CMV-Nor was linearized with EeoR Ⅴ and Not Ⅰ, and transformed into E. coil BJ5183 with lined edenovirus ge-nomic DNA pLasmid pBRAdv3 by Rsr Ⅱ. The identification of recombinant adenovirus plasmid pBRAdv3E3dNor was performed by PCR, enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing. Then pBRAdv3E3dNor was digested with AsiS Ⅰ and transfeeted into Hep-2 cells with LipofectAMINETM 2000 to package recombi-nant adenovirus particles. Results Noro-orf2 was successfully inserted into the shuttle vector. The recombi-nant adenoviral plasmid pBRAdv3E3dNor was generated by homologous recombination in E. coil BJ5183 and confirmed by PCR and enzyme digestion. The recombinant adenovirus was successfully packaged and puri-fied. Norovirus eapsid protein gene expression was confirmed in Hep-2 cells by immunecytochemistry assay. Conclusion The recombinant type 3 adenovirus expressing Norovirus eapsid protein gene was successfully constructed. This study laid a foundation for developing vaccine against Norovirus.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between vulnerability of mouse coronary artery plaque and downstream myocardial perfusion and myocardial strain.Methods:Thirteen ApoE knockout mice with stable coronary plaques (stable plaque group)and 13 ApoE knockout mice with vulnerable coronary plaques(vulnerable plaque group) were selected as the experimental group, and 15 sex- and age-matched C57BL/6 mice with the same genetic background as ApoE mice were chosed as the control group. Myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) was carried out to quantify regional myocardial perfusion at rest and during adenosine stress using a Vevo 2100 system (Visual sonics). Replenishment curves of myocardial contrast were obtained, and rates of signal rise (β) and plateau intensity (A) were recorded. MBF was estimated by the product of A and β. Speckle tracking imaging combined with adenosine stress test was used to evaluate the longitudinal strain of left ventricular myocardium in mice. The vulnerability of the plaque was assessed by histopathology in serial tissue sections of proximal and middle left coronary artery according to the previously reported method.Results:There were no significant differences in body weight, heart rate, left ventricular end diastolic volume, left ventricular end systolic volume, left ventricular mass and ejection fraction among the three groups( P>0.05). The levels of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein in stable plaque group and vulnerable plaque group were significantly increased when compared with those in control group (all P<0.05). The pathological results showed that the coronary luminal stenosis rates in the stable plaque group and the vulnerable plaque group were (74.3±4.9)% and (75.5±7.1)% respectively, with no significant difference between the two groups( P>0.05). MBF of the middle anterior septum and left ventricular posterior wall in the experimental groups were significantly decreased when compared with that in the control group both in the resting status and during adenosine stress(all P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the MCE parameters between the stable plaque group and the vulnerable plaque group at rest( P>0.05). However, during adenosine stress, MBF of the vulnerable plaque group was decreased more significantly than that of the stable plaque group ( P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the values of longitudinal strain of the left ventricle in both experimental groups were decreased during resting status, without statistical significance (all P>0.05), but decreased significantly during adenosine stress and with more decrease in the vulnerable plaque group (all P<0.05). Conclusions:For the same degree of coronary artery stenosis in mice, the coronary artery vulnerable plaque group has less downstream myocardial perfusion and myocardial strain than the stable plaque group during adenosine stress. That is, the plaque vulnerability can affect the downstream myocardial perfusion and myocardial strain in the mouse model.

Objective To investigate the impact of quercetin(Que)on postherpetic neuralgia(PHN)and chemokine ligand 3(CCL3,namely MIP-1α)/C-C chemokine receptor 1(CCR1)/C-C chemokine receptor 5(CCR5)signaling pathway in rats.Methods Sixty rats were divided into the control group(Con),the PHN group(model group),the L-Que(30 mg/kg)group,the M-Que(60 mg/kg)group,the H-Que(120 mg/kg)group and the H-Que+pathway activator MIP-1α(120 mg/kg Que+0.4 mg/kg recombinant MIP-1α)group.The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold(PWT)and thermal pain threshold(TWL)of rats were detected in each group.The kit was used to detect adenosine,Adenine ribonucleotide(AMP),adenosine diphosphate(ADP)and tumor necrosis factor in spinal dorsal horn samples-α(TNF-α),and interleukin-1 β(IL-1 β)levels in spinal dorsal horn samples.HE staining was applied to observe the pathological sections of spinal dorsal horn.Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the activation of microglia in spinal dorsal horn.Western blot assay was applied to detect MIP-1α/CCR1/CCR5 signaling pathway protein expression.Results In the PHN group,the dorsal horn of the spinal cord was ruptured,the arrangement of nerve bundles was disordered,and inflammatory cell infiltration,edema,and slight atrophy of neurons appeared.Compared with the Con group,the PWT value,adenosine,AMP and ADP levels were obviously decreased in the PHN group(P＜0.05),and TWL value,TNF-α,IL-1β levels,the number of Iba1-positive microglia,MIP-1α,CCR1 and CCR5 protein levels were obviously increased(P＜0.05).After treatment with Que,the disordered arrangement of nerve bundles was improved,the infiltration of inflammatory cells was reduced,and the phenomenon of neuronal atrophy disappeared.Compared with the PHN group,the PWT value,adenosine,AMP and ADP levels were obviously increased in the L-Que group,the M-Que group and the H-Que group(P＜0.05).TWL value,TNF-αand IL-1β levels,the number of Iba1-positive microglia,and MIP-1α,CCR1 and CCR5 protein levels were obviously decreased(P＜0.05).The effect of Que was dose dependent.Compared with the H-Que group,PWT value,adenosine,AMP and ADP levels were obviously decreased in the H-Que+MIP-1α group(P＜0.05),and TWL value,TNF-α,IL-1β levels,the number of Iba1 positive microglia,MIP-1α,CCR1 and CCR5 protein levels were obviously increased(P＜0.05).Conclusion Que may reduce the inflammatory response in rats by inhibiting the MIP-1α/CCR1/CCR5 signaling pathway,thereby reducing PHN.

Objective To explore the effects of adenosine stress on myocardial perfusion in healthy mice by myocardial contrast echocardiography ( MCE) . Methods MCE was carried out to quantify regional myocardial perfusion at rest and during adenosine stress using a VEVO 2100 system in 26 C57BL/6 mice . Echocardiography images from standardized parasternal long axis and short axis at papillary muscle level were consecutively acquired in real‐time . All dynamic images were recorded for off‐line analysis . Left ventricular myocardial perfusion quantitative parameters were acquired both under resting status and during adenosine stress . Replenishment curves of myocardial contrast were obtained and myocardial blood flow ( MBF) was calculated . Results Twenty‐six experimental animals successfully underwent MCE before and during adenosine stress . T here was no significant difference in heart rate ,left ventricular structure and functional parameters before and during adenosine stress ( all P ＞0 .05) . Rates of signal rise β values which were used to estimate blood velocity of middle anterior septum and posterior wall in left ventricular long‐axis view and anterior wall ,lateral wall ,inferior wall and septal wall in short‐axis view at papillary muscle increased significantly during stress compared with those at rest ( all P ＜0 .05 ) . T here was no significant difference in the plateau intensity A values( all P ＞0 .05 ) . T he MBF in each segment of the myocardium increased significantly during stress compared with those in resting state ( all P ＜0 .05) . Conclusions T he physiological characteristics of myocardial perfusion in mice before and during adenosine stress were preliminarily obtained ,w hich provided a basis for the application of adenosine stress echocardiography in cardiovascular disease models such as coronary heart disease in mice .

Objective:To evaluate the effect of driving pressure-guided individualized positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) titration on atelectasis in elderly patients undergoing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy.Methods:Fifty elderly patients, aged 65-80 yr, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ, with body mass index of 19-28 kg/m 2, undergoing elective robot-assisted radical prostatectomy under general anesthesia, were divided into 2 groups ( n=25 each) according to the random number table method: traditional lung-protective ventilation group (group C) and driving pressure-guided individualized PEEP group (group D). The method for setting PEEP was as follows: PEEP 5 cmH 2O was used throughout operation in group C. In group D, the optimal PEEP was titrated after intubation and mechanical ventilation and Trendelenburg position-pneumoperitoneum construction, the initial value was the lowest PEEP allowed by the anesthesia machine, the PEEP was increased by 1 cmH 2O (PEEP≤12 cmH 2O) every 4 min, the plateau pressure and PEEP were simultaneously recorded to calculate the driving pressure, and the corresponding PEEP was considered as the optimal PEEP for the individual when the driving pressure reached the minimum.Ultrasound examination was performed after catheterization of radial artery (T 0), after anesthesia induction (T 1), 4 min after developing optimal PEEP ventilation (T 2, 4 min after developing ventilation in group C), after restoration of body position (T 3), before extubation (T 4), and at 2 h after admission to postanesthesia care unit (T 5). Atelectatic aeration loss scores were recorded at T 0, T 1, T 4 and T 5.Bilateral optic nerve sheath diameter was measured at T 0-4.Arterial blood gas analysis was performed at T 0, T 2, T 3 and T 5, PaO 2 and PaCO 2 were recorded, and oxygenation index was calculated.The postoperative pulmonary complications within 3 days after operation were recorded. Results:Compared with group C, atelectasis aeration loss scores at T 4, 5 and PaCO 2 at T 2, 3 were significantly decreased, and PaO 2 and oxygenation index were increased at T 2, 3, 5 in group D ( P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the bilateral optic nerve sheath diameter and incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Driving pressure-guided individualized PEEP can increase intraoperative oxygenation and decrease the development of atelectasis in elderly patients undergoing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of driving pressure (ΔP)-guided PEEP titration on lung injury in elderly patients undergoing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP).Methods:Forty-six American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients, aged 65-80 yr, with body mass index of 19-28 kg/m 2, with Assess Respiratory Risk in Surgical Patients in Catalonia score assessed as medium to high risk, scheduled for elective RARP, were divided into control group (group C, n=23) and ΔP titration group (group D, n=23) using a random number table method.Volume-controlled mechanical ventilation was used after anesthesia induction and tracheal intubation.In group C, 5 cmH 2O was used to fix PEEP.In group D, the optimal PEEP was titrated after computer-controlled breathing and after establishing Trendelenburg position and pneumoperitoneum, the first titration started from 4 cmH 2O and increased by 1 cmH 2O every 4 min until ΔP reached the minimum value or PEEP increased to 12 cmH 2O, and the second titration was increased in increments as the method described above based on the optimal PEEP of the first titration.At 4 min after completion of the first PEEP titration (T 1, 4 min after mechanical ventilation with fixed PEEP in group C), 2 h after establishment of Trendelenburg position (T 2), 1 min after extubation (T 3) and 2 h after operation (T 4), serum concentrations of Clara cell protein (CC16), surfactant protein D (SP-D), soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products (sRAGE) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1). Pulmonary complications were assessed within 7 days after operation. Results:The serum concentrations of CC16, SP-D, sRAGE and sICAM-1 were significantly higher at T 2-4 than at T 1 in two groups ( P<0.05). Compared with group C, the serum concentrations of CC16, SP-D, sRAGE and sICAM-1 were significantly decreased at T 2-4 ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the incidence of pulmonary complications within 7 days after operation in group D ( P>0.05). Conclusions:ΔP-guided PEEP titration can reduce lung injury in elderly patients undergoing RARP.

Objective To assess the reproducibility of contrast-enhanced echocardiography and conventional echocardiography for measurements of left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) and left ventricular volume in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy. Methods One hundred and two patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy were divided into satisfactory image group(36 subjects) and unsatisfactory image group(66 subjects) according to the quality of the recorded images.High frame rate two-dimensional and three-dimensional images were recorded from apical long-axis view,four-chamber view and two-chamber view of left ventricle. Contrast-enhanced echocardiography was performed in the unsatisfactory image group.Two equally experienced examiners measured the LVEF and left ventricular volume in all patients by EchoPac software. Results The reproducibilities of Simpson′s biplane method and 3D full-volume echocardiography were low for measurements of LVEF in unsatisfactory image group ( P < 0.01).But they were improved significantly with contrast-enhanced echocardiography ( P > 0.05 ). The reproducibilities of Simpson′s biplane method and 3D full-volume echocardiography for measurements of left ventricular end-diastolic volume in unsatisfactory image group were also improved by performing contrast-enhanced echocardiography ( P > 0.05). The reproducibilities for measurements of left ventricular end-systolic volume were well in both group.Conclusions The reproducibilities for measurements of LVEF and left ventricular volume are improved in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy with unsatisfactory images by using contrast-enhanced echocardiography.

Objective To explore the effects of adenosine stress on myocardial strain in healthy mice by speckle tracking imaging (STI).Methods A high-resolution rodent ultrasound machine Vevo 2100 was used to perform conventional transthoracic echocardiography at baseline and after intravenous infusion of adenosine in 34 C57BL/6 mice.Echocardiography images from standardized parasternal long axis and short axis at papillary muscle level were consecutively acquired in real-time.All dynamic images were recorded for off-line analysis.Left ventricular myocardial mechanical strain parameters were acquired both under resting status and during adenosine stress.Results Thirty-four experimental animals successfully underwent STI before and during adenosine stress. There was no significant difference in heart rate,left ventricular structure and functional parameters between before and after the adenosine stress ( P >0.05).Global peak longitudinal strain value in left ventricular long-axis view was significantly increased during stress compared with those at resting status ( P < 0.05);while there was no significant increase in the global peak circumferential strain and global peak radial strain values in short-axis view at papillary muscle ( P >0.05).Conclusions Myocardial strain is obtained in healthy mice before and after adenosine stress.This provides an evidence to the application of stress echocardiography in mice with coronary heart disease or other cardiovascular disease in the future.