OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for ration use of TCM injection. METHODS:The utilization of TCM injections in 39 hospitals from Chongqing area during 2012-2014 was analyzed statistically in respects of consumption sum,DDDs,DDC and B/A. RESULTS:The total consumption sum of TCM injections increased slowly in 39 hospitals from Chongqing area during 2012-2014,increasing from 767 581 thousand yuan to 911 759 thousand yuan,with annual growth rate of 8.98%. Total sum of consumption sum of top 10 drugs was 1 326 019.7 thousand yuan,accounting for 51.11% of total. The consumption sum of Hong-hua injection and Shenxiong glucose injection always took up the first 2 places in those years. DDDs of Xuesaitong injection, Shenxiong glucose injection glucose,Honghua injection and Shuxuetong injection always took up the first 4 places in those years. DDC of Xuebijing injection and Kanglaite injection always took up the first and second places in those years. Among top 10 TCM injection in the list of consumption sum,most of B/A was lower than 1.00;B/A of Shuxuetong injection,Xingnaojing injection, Shenqiong glucose injection and Xueshuantong injection were close or equal to 1.00. Xuesaitong injection was the one that B/A>1.00 from beginning to end. CONCLUSIONS:Total use of TCM injection increased steadily and drug use relatively concentrated in 39 hospitals from Chongqing area during 2012-2014,and rationality of drug use by physicians had been improved gradually.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for rational use of anti-tumor essential medicine in the clinic. METHODS:The application of anti-tumor essential medicine in 39 hospitals from Chongqing area during 2012-2014 was analyzed statistically in re-spects of consumption sum,DDDs,DDC and B/A. RESULTS:The total consumption sum of anti-tumor essential medicine in 39 hospitals from Chongqing area during 2012-2014 increased from 10 083.65 ten thousand yuan to 15 186.65 ten thousand yuan,with annual increase rate of 22.72%. 3-year total consumption sum was 37 952.45 ten thousand yuan,and the sum of consumption sum of top 10 medicines was 36 742.24 ten thousand yuan,accounting for 96.81%;top 3 medicines were paclitaxel,oxaliplatin and flu-orouracil. During 2012-2014,DDDs had changed to certain extent,and the front medicines contained tegafur,paclitaxel and cyclo-phosphamide,etc;the most increment medicine was paclitaxel (oral),whose annual growth rate was 59.63%;that of tamoxifen decreased year by year,with annual decrease rate of 5.14%. DDC of paclitaxel,oxaliplatin and etoposide were the higher others. Annual B/A of oxaliplatin,fluorouracil and cytosine arabinoside were all lower than 1.00. CONCLUSIONS:The lonsumption sum and DDDs of anti-tumor essential medicine had increased reasonably in 39 hospitals from Chongqing area during 2012-2014,while their DDC had kept stable. Main medicines used in the clinic are suitable for numerous indications,and are expensive.

We have investigated the situation about recent interdisciplinary construction for medical subject from several 985-project universities in China as well as the well-known overseas universities via internet. We also have analyzed the results and in mean time, put forward some related suggestions in order to probe an available strategy of interdisciplinary construction for medical subject in the universities of China.

In order to affirm the cardioactive components in Fuzi, we identified a group of aminoalcohol- diterpenoid alkaloids in Fuzi using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometer (UPLC-ESI-MS) method. Among a total of forty-one isolated ingredients, thirteen major aminoalcohol-diterpenoid alkaloids were identified by comparing their retention times and MS spectra with those of the reference substances. Moreover, Fuzi samples from different places of origin and with different processing methods were examined and their components displayed a pattern of high similarity, though the relative abundance varies probably due to their different processing methods. Furthermore, the cardiac effect of each identified alkaloid was individually evaluated using the isolated bullfrog heart perfusion experiment. Among the thirteen aminoalcohol diterpenoid alkaloids tested, six of them significantly enhanced the amplitude rates. Taken together, we affirm that the cardioactive components in Fuzi are aminoalcohol-diterpenoid alkaloids, shedding light on future studies of the mechanisms and development of these cardioactive compounds.

OBJECTIVE：To compare the protective effects model mice between the aboveground and underground parts of Astragalus membranaceus on immunosuppression ，and to provide reference for further utilization and development of A. membranaceus. METHODS ：A total of 240 ICR mice were divided into 4 batches，60 mice in each batch ，with half male and half female. Each batch of mice were randomly divided into blank group ，model group ，A. membranaceus aboveground part and undergroud part low-dose and high-dose groups （3，6 g/kg，by crude drug ）according to body weight and sex ，with 10 mice in each group. Blank group and model group were given normal saline intragastrically. A. Membranaceus groups were given corresponding concentration of drug intragastrically ，10 mL/kg，once a day ，for consecutive 30 days. Except for blank group ， other groups were intraperitoneally injected with cyclophosphamide 40 mg/（kg·d）for consecutive 3 days，since 24th day of treatment，to establish immunosuppression model. The levels of serum immunoglobulin （IgG，IgM，IgA），inflammation factors [nitric oxide ，interleukin-2（IL-2），IL-6，tumor necrosis factor-α] and half hemolysis value were detected in each group. Body weight ，thymus index ，spleen index ，phagocytic index ，activity of natural killer （NK）cell，splenic lymphocyte proliferation ability，dinitrofluorobenzene-induced delayed metamorphosis reaction in mice （by weight difference between left and right ears ） and the number of hemolytic plaque were determined. RESULTS ： Compared with blank group ， the serum levels of immunoglobulin，body weight ，thymus index ，spleen index ，phagocytic index ，NK cell activity ，the proliferation ability of splenic lymphocyte，the number of hemdytic plaque and half hemolysis value were decreased significantly in model group （P＜0.05）， while inflammation factor level as well as weight difference between left and right ears were increased significantly （P＜0.05）. Compared with model group ，above indexes of mice in A. membranaceus groups were improved significantly ，in dose-dependent manner（P＜0.05）. Compared with A. membranaceus undergroud part group ，above indexes of A. membranaceus aboveground part group were improved significantly （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS ：Aboveground and underground part of A. membranaceus both have pretective effect on immunosuppression model mice ，and the effect of aboveground part of A. membranaceus is stronger than underground part of A. membranaceus .

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of long-pulsed 1 064-nm Nd:YAG laser combined with a topical emulsion containing Camellia reticulata and Radix Notoginseng in the treatment of melasma. Methods:A total of 80 patients with melasma were enrolled from Department of Dermatology, People′s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region from June 2019 to June 2020, and randomly and equally divided into control group and observation group by using a random number table: 40 patients in the control group were treated with long-pulsed 1 064-nm Nd:YAG laser once every 2 weeks for 6 sessions as a course of treatment; another 40 in the observation group were treated with the same laser therapy as the control group and a topical emulsion containing Camellia reticulata and Radix Notoginseng twice a day for 3 months as a course of treatment. Melasma area and severity index (MASI), clinical efficacy, patient satisfaction rate and safety were compared between the 2 groups before and/or after treatment. Results:After 4- and 8-week treatment, there was no significant difference in the MASI score between the observation group (14.57 ± 3.22 points, 10.00 ± 2.94 points, respectively) and control group (14.74 ± 3.11 points, 11.31 ± 3.00 points, respectively; both P>0.05). After 12-week treatment, the MASI score was significantly lower in the observation group (4.80 ± 2.78 points) than in the control group (7.07 ± 3.22 points, t = -3.38, P<0.01). After 3-month treatment, the response rate was significantly higher in the observation group (36 cases, 90%) than in the control group (31 cases, 77.5%; χ2 = 4.58, P < 0.001) ; however, there was no significant difference in the patient satisfaction rate between the observation group (87.5%) and control group (72.5%, χ2 = 7.26, P = 0.06). In addition, no significant difference in the occurrence of adverse reactions was observed between the observation group (5 cases, 12.5%) and control group (7 cases, 17.5%; P > 0.05) . Conclusion:Compared with the long-pulsed 1 064-nm Nd:YAG laser alone, the topical emulsion containing Camellia reticulata and Radix Notoginseng in combination with the long-pulsed 1 064-nm Nd:YAG laser is more effective for the treatment of melasma, with higher patient satisfaction and less adverse reactions.

BACKGROUNDCardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) on patients with advanced and refractory heart failure has made remarkable progress. Clinically, notched QRS (nQRS) is commonly seen on electrocardiographs (ECGs) with bundle branch block morphology and on paced ECGs after implantation of a CRT device, which may reflect the heterogeneity of ventricular myocardial depolarization and electrical activity. The aim of this study was to determine whether patients with more nQRS myocardial segments on paced ECGs had a worse response to CRT than patients with fewer nQRS myocardial segments.

METHODSWe prospectively enrolled 56 patients of CRT with chronic heart failure from People's Hospital affiliated to Peking University from January 2007 to October 2013. Based on nQRS segments on ECGs before CRT, we allocated them to two groups: fewer nQRS (<2) myocardial segments (lateral, inferior, anterior segments) group (F-nQRS, G1, n = 23) and more nQRS (≥2) myocardial segments group (M-nQRS, G2, n = 33). Then according to nQRS segments on ECGs after CRT, we divided them into two groups similarly: fewer nQRS (<2) myocardial segments group (G3, n = 24) and more nQRS (≥2) myocardial segments group (G4, n = 32). This study was approved by the ethics committee of People's Hospital.

RESULTSAt 6 months in the baseline-ECG group, there was a greater absolute increase in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in G2 than in G1 ((11.5±8.9)% vs. (5.5±10.4)%, P = 0.023), with the incidence of nonresponse lower in G2 than in G1 (9.1% vs. 39.1%, P = 0.018). In the paced-ECG group, the absolute increase in LVEF was less in G4 than in G3 ((6.4±8.8)% vs. (12.5±10.4)%, P = 0.024) and the incidence of nonresponse was higher in G4 than in G3 (31.3% vs. 8.3%, P = 0.039). Multivariate analysis showed that fewer nQRS (<2) myocardial segments on paced ECGs (odds ratio 13.920) was a predictor of positive response to CRT.

CONCLUSIONnQRS ≥2 myocardial segments (lateral, inferior, anterior) on paced ECGs may predict a poor response to CRT.

Aged ; Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Heart Failure ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Prospective Studies

Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation is the only curative therapy for many diseases. HSCs from umbilical cord blood (UCB) source have many advantages over from bone marrow. However, limited HSC dose in a single CB unit restrict its widespread use. Over the past two decades, ex vivo HSC expansion with small molecules has been an effective approach for obtaining adequate HSCs. Till now, several small-molecule compounds have entered the phase I/II trials, showing safe and favorable pharmacological profiles. As HSC expansion has become a hot topic over recent years, many newly identified small molecules along with novel biological mechanisms for HSC expansion would help solve this challenging issue. Here, we will give an overview of HSC biology, discovery and medicinal chemistry development of small molecules, natural products targeting for HSC expansion, and their recent clinical progresses, as well as potential protein targets for HSC expansion.