OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the feasibility of preparing tretinoin liposome by calcium acetate gradient method and to compare this method with the microfilm and the antiphase evaporation method.METHODS:Tretinoin liposome was pre-pared by microfilm method,antiphase evaporation method and calcium acetate gradient method,respectively.Sephadex G-50was used for isolation and ultraviolet spectrophotometry was utilized to determine the entrapped efficiency and grain size of liposomal tretinoin.Electronmicroscope was applied to observe the shape of tretinoin liposome.RESULTS:The calcium ac-etate gradient technology achieved the highest entrapped efficiency of90.48%.The liposomes had perfect shape with the mean diameter of35.8nm and kept stable in quality at4℃for3months.CONCLUSION:The liposome with high entrapped effi-ciency could be prepared by calcium acetate gradient method,and the method is feasible.

Objective To evaluate the significance of arthroscopy in diagnosis and treatment of acute posterior dislocation of the hip. Methods From August 2005 to April 2009, 32 patients with acute posterior hip dislocation underwent hip arthroscopy in our hospital. All patients were confirmed by symptoms, signs, X-ray examination and CT scan. There were 26 males and 6 females, at mean age of 38.5 years (range 23-55 years). An arthroscope was introduced to evaluate the intraarticular lesions routinely. Then, arthroscopic debridement was performed. Eight patients with acetabular fractures were treated by open reduction and internal fixation after arthroscopy. The Sanders scores were employed to evaluate the postoperative hip functions. Results Among 32 patients, there were 29 patients with loose bodies, three with tear of the ligamentum, 12 with labrum injuries and eight with acetabulum fractures that required a second stage open reduction and internal fixation. There were no complications of vessel or nerve injuries peri- or post-operatively. An average period of follow-up for 10 months (range, 5-24months) were available for all patients, which showed excellent results in 23 patients, good in five and fair in four according to the Sanders scores. Conclusion Hip intraarticular lesions can be evaluated and confirmed by the arthroscope, under which the loose bodies, tear of the ligamentum teres and labrum injuries can be cleared effectively.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the economical efficiency of 3 therapeutic plans for acute upper respiratory tract infec-tion caused by group A β-hemolytic streptococcal (GAS). METHODS:In retrospective study,71 GAS positive patients with acute upper respiratory tract infection in our hospital during Mar. 2014-Mar. 2016 were selected and divided into group A(16 cases),B(30 cases),C(25 cases)according to medication method. Group A,B,C were given intramuscular injection of ben-zathine benzylpenicillin(1200000 U),oral administration of penicillin V potassium(0.5 g,q8 h,10 d)or oral administration of amoxicillin sulbactam(0.5 g,bid,10 d),respectively. Clinical efficacy and bacterial clearance were observed,and econom-ics of 3 therapeutic plans were evaluated. RESULTS:The cure rates of 3 groups were 87.50%,90.00%,and 92.00%;bacterial clearance rates were 88.24%,87.87%,and 92.59%,respectively;there was no statistical significance(P>0.05). Cost-minimi-zation analysis was adopted for pharmacoeconomic evaluation. The costs of 3 groups were 237.79,279.49,400.40 yuan,respec-tively. The cure rate and bacterial clearance rate of therapeutic plan C were the highest,but its cost also was the highest. The re-sults of sensitivity analysis were consistent with the results of cost-minimization analysis. CONCLUSIONS:The intramuscular in-jection of benzathine benzylpenicillin can be served as first choice therapeutic plan for recurrent upper respiratory tract infection caused by GAS and patients with rhenmatic fever risk. The patients who are reluctant to be treated with penicillin but guarantee medication time can take penicillin V potassium orally. The patients with poor efficacy of common penicillin can take amoxicillin sulbactam pivoxil.

AIM: To study the effects of cripto antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ASODN) on telomerase activity in colon cancer LS-174T cells. METHODS: Colon cancer LS-174T cells were treated with cripto ASODN. The expression of cripto mRNA was studied using real-time PCR. The telomerase activity was detected by telomeric repeat amplification protocol enzyme-linked immunoabsordent assay (TRAP-ELISA). The growth of LS-174T cells was observed with soft agar. RESULTS: Cripto ASODN inhibited the growth of LS-174T cells in a dose-dependent manner in soft agar. Cripto ASODN decreased the telomerase activity in colon cancer LS-174T cells, and the effects of repression were time-and dose-dependent. CONCLUSION: Cripto may contribute to the activation of telomerase in colon cancer.

Objective To investigate the degree of pain for patients with esophageal cancer undergoing surgery, evaluate the influence of pain on life quality, and provide evidence for therapy and nursing. Methods The SF-MPQ and BPI were used to measure the quality and intensity of the pain, and the influence on the life quality. Results Non-manual workers feeled more pain than the manual workers; the degree of the patients' education background positively correlated with PRI emotional score;postoperative pain did not correlated with ages and gender. The more pain, the worse influence on life quality. The pain affected the daily life, emotions, locomotor ability, sleep and enjoyment of life significantly. Conclusions There still existed serious pain in patients with esophageal cancer underwent surgery,and the pain affects the quality of life and postoperative treatment. Nurses should pay close attention to pain management, adopt more accurate evaluation so as to guide the pain control and improve the life quality.

Objective To evaluate the clinical results of arthroscopic reconstruction of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) via posteromedial,posterolateral and posterior trans-septal portals with the preservation of intact meniscofemoral ligaments and remnant PCL fibers.Methods Nine patients with PCL injuries were treated with autogenous hamstring tendons arthroscopically through routine arthroscopic portal,posteromedial portal,posterolateral portal and posterior trans-septal portal with preservation of intact meniscofemoral ligaments and remnant PCL fibers.Tibial tunnel of 1-1.5 cm was made below the lateral articular surface of PCL tibial attachment via arthroscopic posterolateral approach.Femoral tunnel of 1 cm was made posterior to the articular cartilage of the medial femoral condyle through anterolateral approach.Autogenous tendon graft was positioned in the knee joint through the navigation of tibial and femoral double-folded silk loops that traversed the bone tunnels and was fixed with bioabsorbable interface screws at both ends.Knee function was evaluated with Lysholm scale six months postoperatively.Results All patients were followed up for average 8.6 months (range,7-14 months).None of the patients had knee extension limitation six months postoperatively,but there were two patients with 10°-15° flexion limitation and one withⅠ degree positive result in posterior drawer test.Lysholm knee score was increased from preoperative (47.6 ± 14.9)points to (92.9 ±4.6) points at six months postoperatively (P ＜0.01).Conclusion PCL reconstruction via posteromedial,posterolateral and posterior trans-septal portals can obtain clear vision (with no blind area),safe operation,accurate positioning of tibial attachment and affirmative short term treatment results.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the correlation between number of tissue eosinophils(Eos) and blood Eos levels in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps(CRSwNP), and to investigate if tissue and blood eosinophilia predicts disease severity and prognosis in CRSwNP. METHODS A retrospective analysis of 102 patients, who diagnosed with CRSwNP was carried out in this study. Surgical specimens were evaluated for degree of tissue Eos, which was compared with blood Eos. Patients were divided into two groups according to the results of endoscopy one year after surgery: recurrent and non-recurrent group. Statistical analysis was performed to compare tissue and blood Eos and CT Lund-Mackay scores. RESULTS Blood and tissue Eos in recurrent group was significantly higher than that in non-recurrent group(P=0.032, 0.033, 0.017). There was not a statistical difference of CT scores between two groups(P =0.089). There was a significant correlation between tissue Eos and absolute number of blood Eos(r=0.637, P=0.000) as well as between tissue Eos and percentage of blood Eos(r=0.542, P=0.000). However Eos and CT scores were not correlated statistically(P>0.05). CONCLUSION Blood Eos levels can predict the degree of Eos infiltration in nasal polyps. Blood and tissue Eos correlate with prognosis.

Objective To select early prediction indexes related to the prognosis of severe hepatitis in ultrasonography,and evaluate its clinical value.Methods Clinical data of 269 cases of severe hepatitis patients was analyzed retrospectively.Cox proportional hazards regression model was adopted to analyze 13 possible prediction ultrasonic parameters for severe hepatitis,including thickness of the right hepatic lobe,portal vein (PV) diameter,volume of ascites,etc.After selected from these parameters,the clinical value of early prediction factor was evaluated with ROC curve.Results Multivariate analysis showed that thickness of the right hepatic lobe,portal vein (PV) diameter,opening of paraumbilical vein and bile viscosity were related to the death of severe hepatitis patients (P ＜ 0.05).The thickness of the right hepatic lobe contributed most (Wald =40.479),its sensitivity and specificity for prediction were 93.4％,82.8％ respectively(P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Thickness of the right hepatic lobe,PV diameter,opening paraumbilical vein and bile viscosity are early prediction factors for severe hepatitis,need to be monitored in treatment,especially for thickness of the right hepatic lobe.

Objective The expression and impaired function of ion channels might be one of the pathophysiological mecha -nisms responsible for diarrhea in inflammatory bowel disease ( IBD) .Proper animal model is the key to explore detailed pathophysiolog-ical process.The purpose of this study was to build a rat model of acute colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in C57BL/6 mice and evaluate diarrhea-associated clinical , histological , pathological parameters and expressions of ion channel protein . Methods C57BL/6J mice of model group were treated with 4%DSS solution for 7 days to induce acute colitis.Mice body weight, stool moisture, stool consistency and the degree of hematochezia were recorded .The histopathological changes of mice colon specimens were observed visually and microcosmically, and the ion channel SLC26A3 protein was detected by Western Blot . Results All experimental mice survived.In the experiment, compared with control group , bloody diarrhea and weight lose occurred in model group , along with increased stool moisture ([73.30 ±8.31]% after experiment vs [44.32 ±6.42]% before experiment, P=0.004), and rapidly in-creased disease activity index (DAI) of acute colitis ([3.50 ±0.87] after experiment vs [1.0 ±0.00] before experiment, P=0.000).At the end of this experiment , compared with control group , the model group resulted in higher colonic damage score and pathological inflammation score (P=0.00, P=0.002), significantly shortened co-lon (P=0.00) and decreased expression of SLC26A3. Conclusion The intestinal mucosal injury and phenotypic features of 4%DSS-induced acute colitis are very similar to those of human ulcerative colitis .Impaired expression of intestinal ion transporter SLC26 A3 coexists with diarrhea in model group mice , and this model can support the research on mechanism of functional changes of ion channels in inflammatory diarrhea .

A microfluidic chip with micropillar arrays for three-dimensional (3D) cell culture was designed and validated.The chip consisted of a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) channel plate and a glass cover plate.One cell culture chamber composed of two rows of micropillar arrays and two lateral channels for transporting the culture medium were integrated on the PDMS channel plate.The spacing between micropillars directly affects the chip performance, which is critical for the design of the chip.In this work, the spacing between micropillars was optimized by numerical simulation and experimental validation.With the optimized microfluidic chip, the mixture of cells and extracellular matrix mimics could be steadily injected into the cell culture chamber, the nutrients in the culture medium from the lateral channels could quickly diffuse into the chamber, and the cell metabolites could also timely diffuse out of the chamber.To test the stability of the microenvironment in the microfluidic chip, neural stem cells were three-dimensionally cultured.