Objective A method for the analysis of eleven benzodiazepine in beverages,blood and urine and seven main metabolites of benzodiazepine in urine by solid phase extraction and high performance thin layer chromatography is described in this paper.Method The analytic materials in specimens were extracted by using GDX 101 porous resin as absorbent and diethyl ether as eluant.The extracts were spread out on plates using benzene∶acetone(10∶6) as eluant and were visualized by modified Dragendorffs reagent.Results The absolute sensitivity of the analysis is 0 4 ?g to 0 6 ?g .The limit of detection of benzodiazepines in urine,blood and beverages are 0 4 ?g/ml to 1 0 ?g/ml ,0 6 ?g/ml to 1 0 ?g/ml and 0 4?g/ml to 0 8 ?g/ml respectively.The limits of detection of metabolites of benzodiazepines in urine are 0 4 ?g/ml to 1 0 ?g/ml .Conclusion These results suggested that this method is useful for the detection of benzodiazepines in toxication case.

Vagus nerve stimulation is an effective treatment for drug-resistant epilepsy, and its efficacy and safety have been confirmed after over two decades of clinical practices.However, reassuring predictors to evaluate whether patients with drug-resistant epilepsy could gain benefit from vagus nerve stimulation has not been established, because the underlying mechanism remain poorly understood.Previous studies revealed that presumable patient-related predictors included age, epileptic seizure type, epilepsy etiology, epilepsy syndrome, cognitive and behavioral responsiveness, scalp electroencephalographic related signals and heart rate variability related signals.However, most of the predictors still remain controversial due to the factors such as the heterogeneity of different research design.This article aims at analyzing and concluding the information from relevant literatures, and summing up the predictors of efficacy before vagus nerve stimulation in refractory epilepsy to highlight the future work.

[Abstract ] Objective To understand the infection status of hepatitis B among population of health examination in Chongqing ,and to analyze the modes of hepatitis B outcomes .Methods The 30170 cases of serological results of hepatitis B (HB‐sAg① ,HBsAb② ,HBeAg③ ,HBeAb④ and HBcAb⑤ ) among the individuals of health examination in our hospital from June to December 2013 were performed the retrospective analysis .Results The positive rate of HBsAg among the population of health ex‐amination aged 0-96 years old in Chongqing was 8 .02% (2 419/30 170) ,and the differences in the positive rates among different age groups and between different genders had statistical significance (χ2 =188 .045 ,67 .813 ,P<0 .01) .The infection rate of HBV was 28 .64% (8 641/30 170) ,and the difference in the infection rates among different age groups and between different genders also had statistical significance(χ2 =202 .347 ,36 .171 ,P<0 .01) .30 170 cases of hepatitis B detection results of 5 indexes were conclu‐ded into 14 kinds of modes .As the two common modes of healthy population ,all negative and single HBsAb positive ,their percenta‐ges were 25 .76% (7 772/30 170)and 45 .60% (13 757/30 170)respectively .As the common modes of HBV infection ,“① ④ ⑤”posi‐tive ,“① ③ ⑤” positive and“① ⑤” positive ,their percentages were 6 .18% (1 863/30 170) ,0 .59% (177/30 170) and 1 .21% (366/30 170) respectively .Conclusion The positive rate of HBsAg and the infection rate of HBV among population of health examina‐tion in Chongqing are close to or lower than the national average levels .Analyzing the different combination modes can reflect the different situation of HBV infection and has the guidance significance for the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease .

Objective A rapid and highly sensitive method, based on the high performance thin-layer chromatography, was described for the qualitative and semiquantitative determination of 7-aminon-itramepam, the main metabolites of nitramepam, in human urine. Method 7-aminonitramepam was extracted by diethyl ether under pH9 condition. Fluorecsamine was used as a reagent to produce fluorescent product to show analyte on plate. Results The limit of detection for 7-aminonitramepam in urine was 5ng/ ml and the limit of quantitation was 15ng/ml. Conclusion The method can be successfully used for determining 7-aminonitramepam in urine samples excreted over 48h period after receiving 10mg nitramepam o-rally and could be applied to drug examination for the cases of drug-facilitated rob.

Objective To analyze the dynamic changes in blood lipids and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) in peripheral blood monocytes of the patients with type 2 diabetes, and explore the correlations between ABCA1 expression and blood lipids levels and glycometabolism. Methods Human monocytes were isolated from the patients with type 2 diabetes (n=40) and from the healthy individuals (n=40) serve as normal control. ABCA1 was labeled by immune reaction PE fluorescence, then the changes in ABCA1 expression before and after being incubated with the ox-LDL were investigated by flow cytometer. The blood lipid levels, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in the patients of type 2 diabetes group were determined, and the correlations between ABCA1 and age, blood lipid, and glycometabolic levels were analyzed. Results Plasma levels of triglyceride, non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (NHDL-C) [low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C)] in the patients of type 2 diabetes group were significantly higher than that in control group (P

Objective To investigate the expression level of monocytes ATP-binding cassette transporter A1(ABCA1) stimulated by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) for exploring the mechanism of ABCA1 in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (AS). Methods Human monocytes of patients in CHD group (n=42) and normal control group (n=40) were isolated by density gradient centrifugation with separating medium (1.077). ABCA1 was labeled by immune reaction PE fluorescence, then the expression of ABCA1 before and after being incubated with the ox-LDL (30mg/L) for 24 hours was investigated by flow cytometer, and the changes in ABCA1 expression were observed. The differences between the two groups and the correlation between ABCA1 expression and blood lipids were analyzed. Results The high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1) levels in CHD group (1.15?1.40 and 1.19?0.17, respectively) were significantly lower than that in control group (1.36?0.40 and 1.34?0.22, respectively, P0.05). Conclusions ABCA1 expression in the patients with CHD may be inhibited by high concentration of ox-LDL. The lowered expression of ABCA1 and the abnormal lipids spectrum may decrease the reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), and contribute to the development of AS and CHD.

Objective To investigate the meridian touching on neonatal hyperbilirubinemia effect of adjuvant therapy.Methods 120 cases of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group,60 cases in the control group were treated with modified simple touch of domestic law,on the basis of modified simple touch,the observation group increased meridian touching,2 times per day,once every 15 min.The nursing effect was compared between two groups.Results The observation group was significantly better than the control group in items such as daily intake of milk,sleep time,meconium drained time,jaundice.Conclusions On the basis of modified simple touch of domestic law,the addition of meridian touching can effectively reduce neonatal hyperbilirubinemia serum bilirubin levels,prevent high bilirubin encephalopathy,and promote the growth and development of newborns.

Objective To investigate the degree of pain for patients with esophageal cancer undergoing surgery, evaluate the influence of pain on life quality, and provide evidence for therapy and nursing. Methods The SF-MPQ and BPI were used to measure the quality and intensity of the pain, and the influence on the life quality. Results Non-manual workers feeled more pain than the manual workers; the degree of the patients' education background positively correlated with PRI emotional score;postoperative pain did not correlated with ages and gender. The more pain, the worse influence on life quality. The pain affected the daily life, emotions, locomotor ability, sleep and enjoyment of life significantly. Conclusions There still existed serious pain in patients with esophageal cancer underwent surgery,and the pain affects the quality of life and postoperative treatment. Nurses should pay close attention to pain management, adopt more accurate evaluation so as to guide the pain control and improve the life quality.

Objective To study the effect of intraoperative intermittent pneumatic compression(IPC)on patients undergoing gynaecological laparoscopic surgery.Methods Two hundred infertile patients to undergo exploratory laparotomy were randomized equally into the observation group and the control group.The patients in both groups were managed with laparoscopic operation at lithotomy position under general anaesthesia.During the operation,the control group was treated with nil intervention,while the observation group with IPC.The two groups were compared in terms of blood coagulation indexes before operation,days 1 and 3 after operation,blood flow rate of femoral vein before operation,30 mins and day 1 after the operation,and deep vein thrombosis(DVT) three months after operation.Results Three months after operation,12 cases of DVT occurred in the control group,and only 2 cases in the observation group.The difference was significant between the groups(χ2=6.22,P<0.05).The prothrombintime time and activated par-tialthrom boplastin time in the observation group were both longer than those of the control group,but the human fibrinogen was less(all P<0.05).The blood flow rate of femoral vein in the observation group was higher than that of the control group 30 mins and day 1 after operation(P<0.05),though the rates of femoral vein in the observation group showed insignificant differences between all the time points(F=1.94,P>0.05).Conclusion IPC used during laparoscopic surgery may be safe and effective as a result of improving blood circulation of lower limbs and preventing venothrombosis in lower limbs.

Objective To summarize the X-ray and CT manifestations of dialysis- related osteoarthropathy. Methods The study consisted of 20 cases with long-term dialysis patients. The X-ray and CT scanning of their shoulder, knee, hip, wrist and cervical vertebrae were performed respectively. The X-ray and CT manifestations of dialysis- related osteoarthropathy were observed. Results The roentgenographic and CT features included:universal osteoporosis(n=20), bone resorption(n=17), bone sclerosis(n=15), calcification(n=19) . Conclusion X-ray and CT are of significance in diagnosing bone resorption and calcification.