In this paper,we analyzed the current status of objective structured clinical exam-ination (OSCE) in the assessment of the domestic medical students, the results achieved and the problems encountered. Meanwhile,we proposed that we can optimize the station,unify SP selection and training and improve the evaluation content and subject in order to enhance the operating effect of OSCE.

OBJECTIVE: To synthesize cationic polymers of arginine-histidine (HRss) based on disulfide crosslink and construct novel nano-complex HRss/miR-15-a, then study its anti-prostate cancer effect in vitro. METHODS: 1H-NMR was used to characterize HRss2/miR-15-a. Zeta sizer was adopted to estimate the Zeta potential and particle size of the nano-complex. Gel electrophoresis was employed to determine the condensation capacity of HRssto miR-15-a. The cytotoxicity and transfection efficiency of HRss was evaluated using prostate cancer stem-like cells (RC-92a/hTERT). Transwell chambers were used to evaluate the influence of HRss/miR-15-a against the motility of RC-92a/hTERT. RESULTS: The RESULTS of cytotoxicity tests indicated that the carrier HRss2 had low toxicity in both normal cells and cancer cells, and the miR-15-a could be loaded in HRss2 to form stable nano-complex. The transfection efficiency and inhibited motility of HRss2/miR-15-a against RC-92a/hTERT were statistically higher than those of HRss1/miR-15-a and HRss3/miR-15-a. CONCLUSION: HRss may be useful for gene delivery, and HRss2, as the optimum polycationic carrier as shown by in vitro evaluation, has the potential to become a novel gene vector in the therapy of prostate cancer.

GATA transcription factor family members have been found to involve in the growth and differentiation of mammary gland. Among them GATA-3 is regarded as the most critical regulator involving the tumorigenesis of breast cancer (BC). Recently, trichorhinophalangeal syndrome-1 gene (TRPS-1), a new GATA family member, has been identified to be highly prevalent in breast cancer. Compared with ER-negative breast cancer, the expression of TRPS-1 is higher in ER-positive breast cancer and was significantly correlates with estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and GATA-3, indicating it may serve as a ductal epithelial cell-specific regulator in the differentiation of breast ductal epithelial cells. Studies have shown that miR221/222 is able to downregulate the expression of an epithelial cell marker E-cadherin by targeting TRPS-1, resulting in mammary epithelial cells transition to mesenchymal cell (EMT). In addition, it has been well accepted that, and the Science and Technology Bureau of Jiaxing (2012AY1071-2)TRPS-1 plays a role in the differentiation of several other cell types including kidney nephric mesenchymal cells, columnar chondrocytes, and osteoclasts, indicating that TRPS-1 involves in mesenchymal-to-epithelial cell transition (MET). In this article, we summarize the roles of GATA transcription factor TRPS-1 in ductal epithelial cells and the roles of its gene and protein expressions in predicting the prognosis of breast cancer.
Breast Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; Female ; GATA3 Transcription Factor ; genetics ; Humans ; Transcription Factors ; genetics

BACKGROUNDFenestration of the proximal anterior cerebral artery (ACA) A1 segment is a rare anatomic variation. The purpose of the this study was to report the incidence of fenestration in the proximal segment of the anterior cerebral artery and to delineate its configurations on cranial MR angiography.

METHODSMagnetic resonance angiography (MRA) was performed in 762 patients using 1.5 T imagers during the period July 2007 through September 2008. All images were obtained by the three-dimensional time-of-flight (3D TOF) technique. Volume rendering (VR) images in the horizontal rotation view were displayed stereoscopically. The presence of fenestration in the proximal segment of the anterior cerebral artery was identified and evaluated retrospectively by MRA.

RESULTSSix patients (four men and two women, 15 to 63 years of age, median age 50 years) had proximal ACA fenestration. The appearance rate of ACA fenestration was 0.8% (6/762). All 6 fenestrations were located at the A1 segment: three of them were with a slit-like shape and three were with a convex-lens-like shape, 5 of the right A1 segment, 1 of the left A1 segment.

CONCLUSIONRecognizing ACA fenestration is important to interpret cranial MR angiographys and helpful to make a plan for neurosurgical procedures or neurological intervention.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Anterior Cerebral Artery ; abnormalities ; Cerebral Angiography ; methods ; Cerebral Arterial Diseases ; diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Angiography ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo establish the method of promoting human peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation by polysaccharide of snakegourd root and identify the effects of polysaccharide of snakegourd root on lymphocyte proliferation, T lymphocyte subsets and the different levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6.

METHODThe polysaccharide of snakegourd root preparations were purified with dialysis and ethanol precipitation. The healthy human PBMC were used as the target cells for screening potency of the drugs. MTT colorimetry was established to examine the levels of lymphocyte proliferation on human PBMC by polysaccharide of snakegourd root in vitro. The percents of lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ T lymphocyte) and the different levels of TNF-a and IL-6 in PBMC were analysed by FCM and ELISA, respectively.

RESULT1.0-50.0 mmol x L(-1) of polysaccharides of snakegourd root showed the significant effects of promoting proliferation of human PBMC (P < 0.05). The percents of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ T lymphocytes in PBMC treated with 5.0 and 10.0 mmol x L(-1) of polysaccharides of snakegourd root were significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). The levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 were significantly higher than those of the control group after 1.0, 5.0, 10.0 mmol x L(-1) of polysaccharides of snakegourd root stimulation on the human PBMC at 8 hours (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe significant effects on promoting lymphocyte proliferation and activation of the polysaccharide of snakegourd root are confirmed in this study. The percents of lymphocyte subsets are increased in different degrees by the polysaccharide of snakegourd root. The high levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 are secreted after the polysaccharides of snakegourd root stimulation on the human PBMC, which lays a foundation for further elucidating the immunocompetence effects and mechanism of the polysaccharide of snakegourd root.

Dietary Carbohydrates ; Humans ; Immunocompetence ; drug effects ; Polysaccharides

BACKGROUND: Acidic fibrobiast growth factor can regulate cell proliferation, migration, differentiation and survival, also can down-regulate the known inhibitor of axon regeneration, such as proteoglycan, help axons overcome these inhibitory factors, and have significant role on the regeneration of nerve fibers.OBJECTIVE: To study the feasibility and effect of the acidic fibroblast growth factor combined with peripheral nerve transplantation in the treatment of high-level spinal cord injury in rats.METHODS: A total of adult 108 female SD rats were randomly divided into autologous nerve group, autologous nerve combined .with acidic fibroblast growth factor group, and high-level spinal cord injury group. The rat T_(8-10) spinous process and lamina were bite, revealing dural sac, high-level spinal cord was resected at a horizon level, cutting 3 mm, no nerve fibers were confirmed to be attached under the microscope. In the autogenous nerve group and autologous nerve combined with acidic fibroblast growth factor group, bilateral the 8~(th) to 10~(th) pairs of intercostal nerves were harvested 2 cm, then cross-transplanted into high-level spinal cord defect (proximal white matter and distal gray matter, distal white matter and proximal gray matter), fibrin gel and fibrin gel containing acidic fibroblast growth factor were used respectively to fix the implanted intercostal nerve, followed by dural suture.High-level spinal cord transection group was subjected to exclusion between stumps. At 90 days postoperation, somatosensory evoked potential and motor evoked potential were used to test nerve electrophysiological recovery. At 76 days postoperation,biotinylated dextran amine anterograde tracing was applied to observe the motor conduction bundle recovery. At 60 days postoperation, hindlimb motor function recovery was assessed by BBB score.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The somatosensory and motor evoked potential waveforms were not elicited in rats of high-level spinal cord transaction group, but did elicit in autogenous nerve group and autologous nerve combined acidic fibroblast growth factor group. The average latency and amplitude of somatosensory and motor evoked potentials, as well as BBB scores in autologous nerve combined acidic fibrobiast growth factor group were significantly superior to autologous nerve group (P ＜ 0.01).In the autogenous nerve group and autologous nerve combined acidic fibroblast growth factor group, many more biotinylated daxtran amine-positive nerve fibers passed in the damage zone, compared with high-level spinal cord transection group (P ＜0,01), the autologous nerve combined acidic fibrobiast growth factor group was more than autogenous nerve group (P ＜ 0.01). It is indicated that autologous peripheral nerve graft acidic flbroblast growth factor can better restore the limb motor functions of rats after high-level spinal cord injury.

Objective To investigate the influence of acupuncture on learning and memorial function and the expression of BDNF in prefrontal cortex of rats with sleep deprivation (SD), for providing theoretical evidence for treating sleep deprivation with acupuncture.Method Sixty Wistar rats were randomly divided into a control group, a model group, and an acupuncture group, 20 rats in each group. SD models were established by the modified multiple platform methods; the acupuncture group was intervened by acupuncture at Shenmen (HT 7); while the control group was left intact. Respectively after SD for 24 h and 72 h, the learning and memorial function was tested by using Morris water maze. Ten the rats were sacrificed to collect brain for detecting the expression of BDNF in prefrontal cortex via immunohistochemical method.Result The body weight, learning and memorial function, and the expression of BDNF in prefrontal cortex of the acupuncture group and model group were significantly different from those of the control group after SD for 24 h and 72 h (P<0.05). The learning and memorial function of the acupuncture group was significantly different from that of the model group after SD for 24 h and 72 h (P<0.05). The body weight and expression of BDNF in prefrontal cortex of the acupuncture group were significantly different from those of the model group after SD for 72 h (P<0.05).Conclusion Acupuncture can obviously improve the decline of the function of learning and memory of the SD rats, and also up-regulate the declined expression of BDNF in prefrontal cortex caused by SD.

Objective To explore the dynamic change and clinical signiticance of plasma D-damer level in patients with cerebral hemorrhage and acute craniocerebral injury.Methods 50 patients with cerebral hemorrhage and 40 patients with acute craniocerebral injury were selected,The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure plasma D-dimer level in two groups of patients after onset,and the results were compared with 40 healthy controls.Results The levels of plasma D-dimer in the patients with cerebral hemorrhage were 1.59mg/L,2.10mg/L,1.03 mg/L,0.82mg/L at 3 h,6h,12h,2d after onset,which in the patients with acute craniocerebral injury were 1.61mg/L,2.02mg/L,1.01mg/L and 0.67mg/L,respectively.And the plasma D-dimer levels were 0.50mg/L,0.49mg/L,0.47mg/L,0.48mg/L in the control group at 3h,6h,12h and 2d after onset.The levels of plasma D-dimer in the patients with acute craniocerebral injury were significantly higher than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant (t =9.35,12.17,4.03,3.05,all P ＜ O.05).At 7d after onset,the D-dimer levels in the cerebral hemorrhage group and acute craniocerebral injury group were 0.53mg/L,0.55mg/L,respectively,which of the control group was 0.47mg/L,there was no statistically significant difference among the three groups(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Cerebral hemorrhage patients and acute craniocerebral injury patients have high coagulation and fibrinolytic activity in brief increase trend,dynamic observation of plasma D-dimer level in patients with cerebral hemorrhage and acute craniocerebral injury is helpful to determine courses,condition and evaluate prognosis.

Objective To explore the effect of quality control circle (QCC) on health education in stroke rehabilitation nursing. Methods Such activities were conducted in the VIP ward of neurological rehabilitation in our hospital as: theme selecting, activity planning, status mastering, cause analyzing, countermeasures formulating and implementing, etc., in accordance with QCC theory from January to April, 2014. Results The satisfaction of stroke patients to health education rose from 80.1% to 91.1% (P<0.001), and the dissatisfaction to guidance of activities of daily living and prevention of complications decreased significantly (P<0.05) after the implementation of QCC program. All the circle members benefited from the improvement of QCC technique, team work, professional knowledge, communication and coordination, activity confidence, duty and honor. Conclusion Carrying out the QCC activities can play a positive role on health education in stroke rehabilitation nursing.

The underlying effect of different concentrations of neogenin on proliferation,apoptosis and the related proliferative factors in human trophoblasts was explored in order to understand the function of neogenin during placentation.TEV-1 cell line was cultured and the expression of netrin-1was detected by using indirect cellular immunofluorescence.Exponentially growing TEV-1 cells were treated by different concentrations of neogenin(0,1,5,10,50 ng/mL)for 24 h.Cell viability was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide(MTT)assay.TEV-1 cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry(FCM).The expression of netrin-1 mRNA and protein in TEV-1 cells was examined by using real-time PCR and Western blot,respectively.It was found that immunoreactivity for netrin-1 was observed in cytoplasm of the trophoblasts.Immediately after treatment with different concentrations of neogenin for 24 h,the netrin-1 expression began to increase.Real-time PCR revealed that the expression level of netrin-1 mRNA was 37.59±10.25 times higher than control group when TEV-1 cells were exposed to 50 ng/mL neogenin(P<0.01),and the same tendency was seen by using Western blot.MTT results showed that proliferation of TEV-1 cells was independent of neogenin.Meanwhile,apoptosis was significantly increased to(22.15±6.15)% at50 ng/mL neogenin and(6.55±0.25)% without neogenin(P<0.01).It is suggested that neogenin regulates proliferation and apoptosis of TEV-1 cells.And it can enhance the ability of TEV-1 ceils to express netrin-1 in a dose-dependent manner.Neogenin may play an important biological role in the normal human pregnancy and contribute to the physiological pregnancy process.