Positive and meaningful exploration was conducted by related teachers to improve the teaching quality of oral clinical pharmacology.Case based teaching method was applied in the teaching of adverse reactions and bilingual teaching was employed in the teaching of local anesthesia.Correlation and comparison of the key knowledge points were emphasized in the teaching process. Students′ interests were aroused and satisfactory results were achieved through implementing these measures.

Comprehensive evaluation for colleges of stomatology is a complex systematic engineering, which is affected by the determination of index and weight. Based on the previous research results,this study establishes a comprehensive evaluation index for colleges of stomatology in China by applying Delphi method,carrying out two-round consultation to 45 experts,which includes 4 first layer indicators and 21 second layer indicators.

Objective To present the authors' initial experience of treating auricular arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) with ethanol embolization and to assess the clinical effectiveness of this therapeutic method. Methods Twenty-two patients with AVMs were enrolled in this study. Through local puncturing or super-selective catheterization the absolute ethanol, or diluted alcohol (based on the pattern of the AVMs), was manually injected into the abnormal vascular plexus of the auricular lesion. The clinical results were estimated with physical examination or angiography at intervals of 3 ～ 4 month, and telephone questionnaire was made at monthly intervals for all patients. Results Thirty-eight ethanol embolization procedures were performed, the amount of ethanol used during the procedure ranged from 4 ml to 65 ml. After the treatment the clinical symptoms were improved, which were manifested as healing of the ulceration, stop of bleeding, disappearing or alleviation of tinnitus. Angiographic examination showed that the abnormal vascular lesion was completely vanished in 9 cases, decreased by 50% -75% in 8 cases and decreased less than 50% in remaining 5 cases. The common complications included irreversible local necrosis and vesiculation. Conclusion For the treatment of auricular AVMs ethanol embolization is an effective and safe method, which might become the therapy of first choice.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of tissue Doppler imaging(TDI)in assessing left ventricular(LV)function after mitral valve replacement(MVR).Methods Forty-five patients having their implantations for more than three months were examined by echocardiography and divided into atrial fibrillation group(AF group,n=21)and sinus rhythm group(SR group,n=24).Thirty normal volunteers served as control group.Left atrium and ventricle indexs of cardiac function and mitral inflow velocity(E)were measured by two dimensional and Doppler echocardiography,and TDI-derived systolic mitral annular velocity(Sm),diastolic mitral annular velocity(Em)and isovolumic relaxation time(IVRT)were measured at the septal and lateral corners of mitral annulus from the apical four-chamber view.Then E/Em ratio was calculated.Results ①Compared with control group,Sm and Em in MVR group were significantly lower and IVRT was higher(P＜0.001),however there were no significant differences between AF group and SR group.② The E/Em ratio in MVR group was significantly higher than that in control group(P＜0.001)and positively correlated with IVRT.The best cutoff value for E/Em ratio was increased of 15 which yielded the sensitivity and specificity in predicting LV diastolic dysfunction were 91.11% and 90.32%,respectively.The area under the ROC curve was 0.9548±0.0402.Conclusions TDI-defived indexes(Sm,Em)can assess LV function accurately and the E/Em ratio,an estimate of myocardial relaxation and LV filling pressures,can be used to evaluate left ventricular diastolic function after MVR.

The traditional discipline-centered curriculum design can neither keep up with developments of modern medical science nor reach requirements of the education reform in the new century.Since 2011,College of Stomatology in School of Medicine in Shanghai Jiao Tong University had developed ‘ disease oriented integrated curriculum system reform’ for students of long-term stomatology education.In view of the problems existing in the original curriculum system,the integrated curriculum system was set up by coalescing clinical medicine curriculum according to the related systems and oral medicine curriculum according to the developmental rules of diseases.Lectures were combined with discussion classes in the reform and performance appraisal system was changed from simplex judgments into comprehensive evaluations.At last,further considerations of promoting the reform based on the practice were proposed.

Objective To investigate the effect of vascular tortuosity and bending radius on the new type knitting stents (LVIS stent ) releasing on the cavernous sinus segment of internal carotid artery. Methods From December 2015 to January 2016,31 consecutive patients with wide-neckedaneurysm treated with LVIS stents and the proximal end of the stent released in the cavernous segment at the Department of Neurosurgery,Changhai Hospital,the Second Military Medical University were enrolled. According to whether the stents completely adhered to the walls or not after the first release,they were divided into two groups:a satisfactorily release group (n =23 )or an unsatisfactorily release group (n =8 ). The differences of vascular tortuosity and bending radius of the 2 groups were compared.Results Thevascular tortuosities of the satisfactorily release group and the unsatisfactorily release group were 118° ± 23° and 147° ± 19° respectively. There was significant difference (P=0. 028). The vascular bending radii were 3. 4 ± 0. 7 mm and 2. 8 ± 0. 7 mm respectively. There was significant difference (P=0. 042). The mean vascular tortuosity was larger and the mean vascular bending radius was smaller in the unsatisfactorily release group. Conclusions The greater the vascular tortuosity,the smaller the vascular bending radius may be connected with the unsatisfactorily release in the LVIS stent. The evaluation of vascular tortuosity is conductive to the guidance of the stent release technique before stent implantation.

Objective To investigate the satisfaction degree of students and teachers towards PBL teaching method and to provide a basis for continuing to carry out PBL teaching.Methods Anonymous questionnaires of PBL teaching method in teaching plan and procedure was conducted among 49students (2008 grade) and teachers.SPSS 13.0 software package was used to analyze the data and P ＜ 0.05 stands for statistically significant differences.Results Both students and teachers were satisfied.Teachers' evaluation scores of 17 projects were all higher than 4 points and students' evaluation scores of 13 projects were all higher than 4 points; scores for the rest projects were all higher than 3 points.Conclusions PBL teaching method combined with stomatology is effective and measures should be taken to strengthen the management of PBL teaching in stomatology.

Objective To investigate the present situations of anticoagulant treatment of non-valvular atri-al fibrillation in order to get better guidance of the clinical anticoagulant therapy and reduce the incidence of stroke caused by atrial fibrillation. Methods The clinical data of NVAF patients hospitalized in the first affili-ated hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 1 , 2012 to December 31 , 2014 were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed in terms of basic characteristics , medical treatment plan and INR monitoring. Results A total of 1,390 patients were enrolled, 85.97% of whom needed anticoagulant therapy and 25.18% of whom were treated with anticoagulants. For 15.71% of the NVAF patients treated with warfarin , INR met the standard during hospitalization. In the study, such factors as age, coronary heart disease, history of stroke and history of bleed-ing might affect prescription of anticoagulant drugs. Conclusion Most NVAF patients need anticoagulant thera-py, but the rate of anticoagulant therapy is lower than we expected. Among those patients treated with warfarin during hospitalization , the rate of INR meeting the standard is at a lower level. The novel oral anticoagulants are not in wide use in the clinical practice.

Objective To investigate the present situation of anticoagulant therapy on the elderly non valvular atrial fibrilla‐tion (NVAF) hospitalized patients with thromboembolic complications [ischemic stroke ,transient ischemic(TIA)] .Methods A to‐tal of 255 hospital patients in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from 2012 to 2014 were recorded by retrospective case analysis .The basic characteristics ,the risk factors of AF ,the medical treatment plan and INR monitoring were analyzed respectively with SPSS20 .0 statistical software .Results A total of 255 patients were enrolled ,66 cases (25 .88% ) were treated with anticoagulation ,and 157 cases (61 .57% ) were treated by antiplatelet drugs .In patients who were taken anticoagulant drugs ,the rate of INR was 15 .15% .Conclusion In the elderly nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients with thromboembolic compli‐cations ,the rate of anticoagulant therapy is lower than expected .More than half patients were treated by antiplatelet drugs .The pa‐tient who were treated anticoagulation therpy had a low rate of INR standard rate .

BACKGROUND: Ribavirin is easily diluted by lacrimal fluid and has low bioavailability. In situ ophthalmic gel changes from liquid drug to gel phase upon exposure to physiological conditions, resulting in an increase in the precorneal residence time of drugs. OBJECTIVE: To prepare ribavirin in situ ophthalmic gel and valuate its theological feature. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: In vitro controlled observation, performed at the Engineering Research Center of Modem Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine between September and October 2006. MATERIALS: Sodium alginate, Carbopol, and ribavirin. METHODS: Sodium alginate (1% and 2%) and Carbopol (0.3%, 0.6%, and 2%) were combined at different proportions to prepare in sire ophthalmic gel, then in which ribavirin was added. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Viscosity determinations of prepared different concentrations of formulations were determined using a cone and plate viscometer. RESULTS: Ribavirin in situ ophthalmic gel prepared with 1% sodium alginate and 0.6% Carbopol had the largest viscosity. The viscosity change was not influenced by the addition of ribavirin. The in situ ophthalmic gel prepared with sodium alginate and Carbopol changed to the gel phase upon exposure to lacrimal fluid. CONCLUSION: 1% sodium alginate and 0.6% Carbopol produced the best rheological feature and could prolonge the precorneal residence time of drug than that of conventional ophthalmic solution.