The concept and methods of evidence-based medicine(EBM)has been evolved to impact almost all fields of health care and policy since it first appeared in 1992.but in the field of dentistry or stomatology,many problems remain to be solved in carrying out EBM.The necessity and feasibility of implementing evidence-based dentistry education in China were discussed in this paper for chnical evidence-based decision making and clinical research.The contenk teaching approach and accreditation tools for EBM in dental education were also proposed.

This study aimed to construct throe-dimensional finite element model of the mandibular complete overdenturo and to analyze the influence rules for stress distribution under different mandibular shapes. The layer cutting method was employed as a basic tool to deal with different plaster models to gain two-dimensional point data. These data were introduced to the commercial software ANSYS to construct throe-dimensional finite element model of the mandibular complete overdenturo, including nine kinds of typical shapes, such as sharpness, roundness and squareness, and etc. Static loads were imposed on denture so as to accomplish biomechanicel analysis and to study the influence rules of stress distribution for mandibular complete overdenturo under different mandibular shapes. Results revealed that the sequence of stress from high to low was squareness, roundness, sharpness and the other extrapolated, basic and inside. The throe-dimensional finite element model has high simulation accuracy and the results provide an experimental foundation and guidance for clinical work.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of domestic Oseltamivir granules in the treatment of influenza A in children.Methods The research subjects were the hospitalized patients with influenza A coming from the Department of Infectious Disease in Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center.from January and March,2014 They were divided into 2 groups randomly.Patients in the treatment group received domestic Oseltamivir granules,while the patients in the control group received foreign Oseltamivir.Chi square test was performed to compare baseline characteristics and the difference in side effects.Paired t test was used to compare baseline characteristics and the difference in side effects.Results There were 44 cases in the study group,27 cases were male(61.36％),17 cases were female (38.64％),and the average age was (2.40 ± 1.97) years old.There were 40 cases in the control group,28 cases were male (70.00％),12 cases were female (30.00％),and the average age was (2.99-± 3.19) years old.The maximum age was 6 years old.The age and gender were not significant (P ＞ 0.05) between 2 groups.The fever remission time was (14.67-± 9.37) h and (11.80-± 9.98) h in the treatment group and the control group,and there was no significant difference between 2 groups (P ＞ 0.05);the flu symptoms completely remission time was (62.50 ± 25.03) h and (65.40 ± 36.74) h in the treatment group and the control group,and there was no significant difference between 2 groups (P ＞ 0.05);the adverse reaction was not observed in the treatment group,but 1 case in the control group had cough,and without special treatment cough alleviated gradually;the close contacts in 2 groups did not develop influenza A.Conclusions The domestic Oseltamivir granules are as effective and safe as the foreign Oseltamivir.And the domestic Oseltamivir granules are the granular type,and therefore more suitable for children

Objective To investigate reveal the main general situations of medical researches,levels,especially progresses and accomplishments,and progresses of medical research in Guangdong Province.Methods The We collected informations about prizes of of medical researches achievements awarded by National Science and Technology Award and Guangdong Science and Technology Award in Guangdong Province from 1999 to 2010 were collected,and analyzed these prizes in the respect of distribution byof years,regions,institutions and subjectsdiscipline.Results In the last 12 years,There were 30 medical researches achievements won theawarded National Science and Technology Awards,and 865 won awarded Guangdong Science and Technology Awards in the last 12 years.The amounts of distribution by year award-winning achievements awarded of National Science and Technology Awards were was not average evenevery year,which while were opposite to those awarded the distribution of Guangdong Science and Technology Awards was.Geographically,Mmost of these medical research achievements centered were in economically developed cities like Guangzhou,Shenzhen,Shantou,etc.The amounts of awards-winning achievements of won by medical institutionshospitals and colleges were far more than those of enterprises,research institutions and management agencies,.But the awards of hospitals and the fluctuation fluctuated of annual distribution of award-winning achievements ofmore than the those of medical institutions was bigger.Among the award-winning achievements awarded National Science and Technology Award,the amounts on oOncology,ophthalmology,traditional Chinese medical science and Chinese materia medica were won the most of the awards,but the amount onand basic medical medicine won the was fewerfewest awards.The distribution of subjects of award-winning achievements awarded Guangdong Science and Technology Award were largercovered more disciplines than the other.Conclusion Medical research in Guangdong Province has achieved a great accomplishment much but with some deficiencies existingcertain problems.Guangdong Province must take some appropriate measures in order to achieve a greater accomplishmentMeasures need to be taken to overcome those problems,for example,increasing its input in medical research including funds,equipments and talented persons,etc.

Objective To investigate whether the activation of secretory prophospholipase A2 (sPLA2) plays the role in the pathophysiological mechanism of acute aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN) in rats. Methods Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups. Model group received decocted Aristolochia Manshuriensis Kom 30 g·kg-1d-1 by gavage for 7 days following tap water in same way for additional 7 days. Control group received only tap water by garage at parallel time. The renal pathological changes were observed at the 4th, 8th and 14th day. The injury of renal tubules and interstitium was observed under light microscope following a semi-quantity grade. The level of Scr was measured to evaluate glomerular function. Urinary N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG) was tested as renal tubular injury marker. The activity of sPLA2 in serum was detected by manifesting the color of thiols in the substrate. The protein expression of renal cortex and medulla COX-2 was analyzed by Western blot. The metabolic products of pretaglandins (PC, s) including 6-kcto-PGF1α and TXB2 in the plasma and urine were assayed by radioimmunoassay. The ratio of 6-keto-PGF1α/TXB2 was calculated. Results After Aristolochia administration, the tubulointerstitial injury and Scr increased in AA rats and reached the peak at the 8th day, the tubulointerstitial injury index(8.14±2.55 vs 1.50±0.71, P<0.05) and Scr[(0.24±0.10) vs (0.19±0.02) μmol/g, P<0.05] increased significantly in AA rats compared with control group. The activity of sPLA2 (μmol ·min-1·mg-1) in AA group elevated by 1.3-fold compared to control group at 8th day (133.15±17.05 vs 101.3±16.07, P<0.05), while theexpression of COX-2 in renal cortex increased (1.16±0.36 vs 0.69±0.28, P<0.05) with no change in renal medulla. Even though the levels of serum 6-keto-PGF1α and TXB2 did not change obviously in both AA and control group, but urinary levels of 6-keto-PGF1α and TXB2 increased by 2-fold and 3-fold in AA group compared to control group, respectively (all P<0.05), while the ratio of 6-keto-PGF1α/TXB2 decreased significantly (207.53±17.52 vs 296.64±51.31, P<0.05). All of above changes recovered to the control level at the 14th day except the tubulointerstitial injury index. Conclusion Serum sPLA2 is activated in the rots with acute kidney injury induced by aristolochic acid, which accompanied by up-regulated expression of COX-2 in renal cotex and increased the metabolic products of vasoconstrictive PG s in urine. These changes may participate the mechanism of renal peritubular ischemia in AAN.

Objective To investigate the relationships between axillary lymph node metastasis and clinicopathologic features in the patients with cT1-2 N0 breast cancer and clarify the law of axillary lymph node metastasis,and to find the risk factor,and provide the theoretical basis for individuation therapy.Methods 687 patients with cT1-2 N0 breast cancer were divided into negative group and positive group according to the pathological results of axillary lymph node,and the clinicopathologic features were layered.The risk factors of axillary lymph node metastasis were screened out by Chi-square test and Logistic regression analysis.Results In 687 cases of cT1-2 N0 breast cancer,156 (22.7%)cases were observed with axillary lymph node metastasis. The age,cT stage,pT stage, pathological type,vascular invasion,perineural invasion estrogen receptor (ER),progesterone receptor (PR), and molecular subtyping were the factors that influenced axillary lymph node metastasis in univariate analyses.The age < 35 years, cT2 , invasive ductal carcinoma, vascular invasion positive and Luminal subtyping were the independent risk factors of axillary lymph nodes metastasis in multivariate analyses (r = 3.440,P = 0.010;r =1.770,P =0.007;r = 3.397,P = 0.001;r = 7.434,P = 0.000;r = 2.212,P = 0.015).Conclusion In the patients with cT1-2 N0 breast cancer,the age,cT,pathological type,vascular invasion and molecular subtyping are important predictors of axillary lymph node metastasis and vascular invasion was the most important predictor.The preoperative comprehensive analysis and evaluation of clinical data and preoperative pathological results obtained will help to select the right surgical operation.

BACKGROUND:Stem cel therapy has been used for prevention and treatment of degenerative disc disease. Considering the special microenvironment in the intervertebral disc, the survival rate and differentiation ability of transplanted cels are decreased, which may lead to the poor efficacy of stem cel therapy. How to improve the survival ability and therapeutic effect of the transplanted cels is the focus of stem cel therapy for degenerative disc disease.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of cobalt chloride combined with hypertonic solution pretreatment on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels that wil be transplanted for treatment of degenerative disc disease.
METHODS:(1)In vitro cel experiment: bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels were divided into three groups and subjected to normal culture medium (normal control group), 1% hypertonic mother solution (hypertonic group), 100 μmol/L cobalt chloride (hypoxia group), or 1% hypertonic mother solution plus 100 μmol/L cobalt chloride (combined group) for 1 week. Then, 2% hypertonic solution and 200 μmol/L cobalt chloride cobalt chloride were used to simulate the anaerobic and hypertonic environment intervenes in pretreated and untreated bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels for 24 hours. After that, RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of caspase-3 for apoptosis evaluation. (2)In vivo animal experiment: Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into model, cel transplantation and hypertonic plus hypoxic groups. Rat models of intervertebral disc degeneration were made in these three groups. After modeling, rats in these three groups were given no treatment, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantation or transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels which were subjected to hypertonic and hypoxia pretreatments into the intervertebral disc. Two weeks later, immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR methods were used to detect cel distribution and related gene expression, respectively, thereby to evaluate the therapeutic effect of stem cels.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1)In vitro cel experiment: caspase-3 mRNA expression was significantly reduced in pretreated bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels compared with the untreated cels (P < 0.05). (2)In vivo animal experiment: compared with the control group, the caspase-3 and interleukin-1β in the intervertebral disc and a number of degenerative indexes were decreased in the cel transplantation. Compared with the cel transplantation group, these indicators had better outcomes in the hypertonic plus hypoxic group (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels have therapeutic potential for degenerative disc disease, and have better adaptability and transplantation effects by hypertonic and hypoxia pretreatments.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a family of endogenous, small (approximately 22 nucleotides in length), noncoding, functional RNAs. With the development of molecular biology, the research of miRNA bio-logical function has attracted significant interest, as abnormal miRNA expression is identified to contribute to serious human diseases such as cancers. Traditional methods for miRNA detection do not meet current demands. In particular, nanomaterial-based methods, nucleic acid amplification-based methods such as rolling circle amplification (RCA), loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), strand-displacement amplification (SDA) and some enzyme-free amplifications have been employed widely for the highly sensitive detection of miRNA. MiRNA functional research and clinical diagnostics have been accelerated by these new techniques. Herein, we summarize and discuss the recent progress in the development of miRNA detection methods and new applications. This review will provide guidelines for the development of follow-up miRNA detection methods with high sensitivity and spec-ificity, and applicability to disease diagnosis and therapy.

Objective: To explore the echocardiographic cardiac geometric morphology and hemodynamics in premature infants at different gestational age with the inlfuencing factors.
Methods: A total of 150 premature infants and 150 full-term control infants were enrolled in this study. Based on gestational age, premature infants were divided into 3 groups:①(28-32+6 ) weeks,②(33-34+6 ) weeks,③(35-36+6) weeks; and full term control infants were divided into 2 groups:①’(37-38+6) weeks and②’ (39-41+6) weeks respectively. An iE33 Philips ultrasound examination was conducted to measure left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), LVESD, interventricular septum thickness, posterior wall thickness, left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), LVESV, stroke volume, LVEF, left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS), cardiac output, stroke index, cardiac index, left ventricular mass, left ventricular mass index (LVMI), left ventricular relative wall thickness, left ventricular remodeling index (LVRI) and LVEDVI.
Results: With adjusted body surface area, all parameters for cardiac geometric morphology and hemodynamics were similar among different groups,P>0.05. The day-old age (P=0.001), height (P=0.001) and body weight for low weight born infant (P=0.012), for normal weight born infant (P=0.003), for giant infant (P=0.016) were the independent inlfuencing factors for LVMI. The impact of anthropometry and the basic life indexes were similar on LVRI among groups (χ2=42.88,P=0.076), while the covariates were different on LVMI among groups (χ2=123.6,P<0.001).
Conclusion: Cardiac morphology and hemodynamics measured by echocardiography has important clinical meaning for assessing the development and maturity of neonatal hearts in premature infants.

The recent pneumonia outbreak caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is posing a great threat to global public health. Therefore, rapid and accurate identification of pathogenic viruses plays a vital role in selecting appropriate treatments, saving people's lives and preventing epidemics. It is important to establish a quick standard diagnostic test for the detection of the infectious disease (COVID-19) to prevent subsequent secondary spread. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is regarded as a gold standard test for the molecular diagnosis of viral and bacterial infections with high sensitivity and specificity. Isothermal nucleic acid amplification is considered to be a highly promising candidate method due to its fundamental advantage in quick procedure time at constant temperature without thermocycler opera-tion. A variety of improved or new approaches also have been developed. This review summarizes the currently available detection methods for coronavirus nucleic acid. It is anticipated that this will assist researchers and clinicians in developing better techniques for timely and effective detection of coro-navirus infection.