Gap junction,a special structure in cell membrane,constitutes the only direct communication channel of energy,material and information exchange between adjacent cells.Gap junction plays an important role in the maintenance of electrical activity of neurons,the rapid synchronization of neurons and neuronal development.Epilepsy,caused by a variety of causes,is a complex clinical syndrome.The pathogenesis of epilepsy is complex.And it's still not fully understood.Studies in recent years have found that gap junction plays a very important role in the pathogenesis and development of epilepsy.The structure,distribution and functions of gap junction and the relationship between gap junction and epilepsy are reviewed in the paper.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common cause of pediatric community-acquired pneumonia.It has been associated with various extrapulmonary manifestations.Pediatric mycoplasma pneumoniae encephalitis is the most common neurologic manifestations.Direct invasion,an immune-mediated mechanism,or neurotoxin production has been proposed.Because mycoplasma pneumoniae encephalitis has a high mortality and a high rate of neurological sequelae,improving the clinicians awareness of the disease,minimizing misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis,have important significance.

Objective　To explore the association between th e heparan sulfate proteoglycan gene (HSPG) polymorphism and diabetic nephropathy in Chinese.Methods　A case control study of 326 Chinese s ubjects including 136 type 2 diabetics with or without nephropathy and 190 non- diabetic control was performed.Genotype frequencies of HSPG2 polymorphism were s tudied by PCR-RFLP analysis with BamHI digestion.Results　There was no difference in genotype frequencies or allele frequencies between normal albuminuria and abnormal albuminuria patients.Moreover,there was no assoc iation between diabetic patients and non-diabetic control in allele frequencies as well,but obvious difference in genotype frequencies(0.05＞P＞0.025) was found.Conclusion　Our study showed the lack of association between HSPG polymorphism and diabetic nephropathy in Chinese type 2 diabetics. There may be association between genotype frequencies of HSPG polymorphism and d iabetes in statistics.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus ( T1DM),arising through a complex interaction of immune,genetic and environmental factors,results from autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing β cells.In up to one third of patients the autoimmune attack is not limited to β cells,but expands into autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes(APS).APS are characterized by functional insufficiency of multiple endocrine organs due to an immunologically mediated destructive process.APS can commonly be divided into three types,including APS type Ⅰ,APS type Ⅱ and immune dysregulation,polyendocrinopathy,enteropathy,X-Linked syndrome (IPEX).Here,we discuss the susceptible factors,clinical manifestation,screening and treatment of APS,with the perspective of the clues they can offer to the pathogenesis and treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus.

0.025) was found.Conclusion Our study showed the lack of association between HSPG polymorphism and diabetic nephropathy in Chinese type 2 diabetics.There may be association between genotype frequencies of HSPG polymorphism and diabetes in statistics.

Objective To evaluate a new computer-aided technique applicable for myocardial contrast echocardiography(MCE) to quantitate automatically calibrated myocardial contrast intensity(CD and to test the feasibility of calibrated CI in assessing myocardial perfusion. To analyze the relationship on myocardial perfusion,regional contractile function and cell apoptosis in stunned myocardium. Methods According to coronary occlusion and reperfusion at different times, rabbits were divided into three groups: 15 min occlusion/30min reperfusion (group Ⅰ ),30 min occlusion / 60min reperfusion (group Ⅱ ) and 120 min occlusion / 60min reperfusion (group Ⅲ ). MCE was performed on all rabbits at baseline,occlusion and after reperfusion,and its images were analyzed by a new computer-aided technique. Myocardial calibrated CI of each segment was measured automatically by software. Percentage wall thickening (WT) of each risk segment at each stage were also measured by echocardiography. The apoptotic index(AI) in regional left myocardial dysfunction was calculated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferease-mediated biotinylated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling(TUNEL ). Results (1) During occlusion, WT in the areas at risk decreased to zero or negative and the calibrated CI values were significantly lower than those at baseline ( P ＜0.01 ). After reperfusion, WT in all risk segment remained depressed, but calibrated CI significantly improved in group Ⅰ and Ⅱ while those remained unchanged in group Ⅲ. (2)AI in risk myocytes were (13. 70 ± 5.48 ) %, (36.25 ± 5.55 ) % and ( 62.06 ± 6. 70 ) %, respectively, both statistically significant difference between the two groups ( P ＜0.05 or P ＜ 0.01 ). AI were negatively correlated to WT and calibrated CI ( r = - 0. 87 and r = - 0. 77, P ＜0.05). Conclusions MCE with computer-aided technique can assess quantitatively myocardial perfusion and regional contractile function. Short-term ischemiareperfusion does not cause myocardial necrosis, but it will lead to myocardial cell apoptosis and the phenomenon of myocardial stunning. Prolonged ischemia, even if given sufficient reperfusion, can lead to apoptosis and necrosis simultaneously.

Analysis on currently used stomatology textbooks for both graduates and postgraduates in China was performed and comparison in stomatology text or reference books between china and American was made.It was found that the types and numbers of stomatology textbooks for both graduates and postgraduates in China were very limited compared with those in American.Many textbooks needed for dental education were insufficient.Great efforts should be made to select relevant topics or titles and to prepare text or reference books accordingly in an aim to meet the needs of today's high quality dental education.

Objective To investigate the effects of hippocampal neurogenesis in spatial learning and memory,especially in spatial long-term memory.Methods Totally 24 wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups:normal control group (NC group,n =12) and irradiation group (IRR group,n =12).We use low-dose irradiation at subgranular zone to inhibit adult hippocampal neurogenesis and new neurons were investigated by 5-Bromo-2-deoxyUridine/neuron specific nuclear protein double-labeling.Four weeks after irradiation,Morris water maze,including navigation test and space exploration assay,was used to detect spatial leaming and memory.Then,in the day 8 and day 15 after the navigation test,space exploration assay was repeated to detect spatial long-term memory.The expression levels of postsynaptic density protein 95 and synaptophysin were evaluated using western blot and real-time quantitative PCR.Results Hippocampal neurogenesis was inhibited by low dose irradiation(2.80 ± 0.44 vs 23.50 ± 1.12,t =20.21,P ＜ 0.01).After the inhibition,the escape latency did not change,while the time spent in target quadrant was significantly declined in the day 2((14.76 ±.2.04) s vs (20.47 ± 1.29) s),day 8((11.95 ± 1.34) s vs (19.52±1.43) s)and day 15((11.79 ±1.35) s vs (21.58 ±1.07) s) after the navigation test (t=2.45,P＜0.05; t =3.76,P＜0.01; t =5.39,P＜0.01).The postsynaptic density protein 95 and synaptophysin expressions were significantly decreased in IRR group.As to the RNA levels,there was also a significant difference between the two groups.Conclusion Hippocampal neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus plays an important role for the formation of spatial long-term memory.

Objective: To observe the efifcacy and safety of bivalirudin on primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).
Methods: A total of 159 patients with acute STEMI treated by emergent PCI in our hospital from 2011-09 to 2014-01 were retrospectively studied. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to procedural bivalirudin application as Bivalirudin group and Heparin group, and the application of GPI (glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor) was decided by the operator. The baseline condition, coronary artery imaging condition, peri-operative and 30-day post-operative bleeding, the occurrence rate of MACE were compared between 2 groups.
Results: There were 153 patients completed the follow-up study including 72 in Bivalirudin group and 81 in Heparin group. The peri-operative bleeding rates in Bivalirudin group and Heparin group were 6.5% vs 11.0%, the in-stent thrombosis rates were 0% vs 1.2%, 30-day post-operative bleeding rates were 9.7% vs 13.5% and the occurrence of MACE were 1.4% vs 7.4% allP>0.05.
Conclusion: THE application of bivalirudin in emergent PCI is safe and effective in patients with acute STEMI, it has certain trend to reduce bleeding in relevant patients.

Objective To explore the effect and side effects of Group A Streptococcus Preparation(Sapylin)com-bined with mitomycin and lentinan combined with mitomycin in treating malignant pleural effusion through intrapleural catheter.Methods 70 malignant pleural effusion patients were selected in this study.All the patients were randomly divided into Sapylin group and lentinan group.One case with penicillin positive of the Sapylin group was adjusted to enter the lentinan group.After drainage of pleural effusion,the patients were divided into Sapylin group (34 patients) and lentinan group (36 patients).For the Sapylin group,Sapylin was prior injected and mitomycin was posterior injected.For the lentinan group,lentinan was prior injected and mitomycin was posterior injected.The side effects and clinical effect were observed and reported.Results The effective rate of Sapylin group was 85.3%,whereas 83.3%of lentinan group.There was no significant difference between the two groups(χ2 =0.051,P =0.822).Both groups had the following minor side effects:chest pain,fever,vomit and decreased white blood cells.No liver or renal injuries were reported.Conclusion The clinical outcomes of Sapylin combined with mitomycin and lentinan combined with mitomycin are both positive,in addition,the side effects are minor.