OBJECTIVE To provide technical support for improving recognition rate of adverse drug events （ADEs） related to traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） formula granules and decoction pieces among inpatient patients. METHODS By referencing the global trigger tool （GTT） whitepaper， literature on adverse reactions to TCM， and expert review opinions， ADE trigger items for TCM formula granules and decoction pieces used in the inpatients were established. GTT was applied to analyze ADEs in inpatients who had used TCM formula granules and decoction pieces in our hospital from August 2013 to August 2023， utilizing the Chinese Hospital Pharmacovigilance System. The effectiveness of GTT and the characteristics of these ADEs were analyzed. RESULTS A total of forty-eight triggers were established， including thirty-two laboratory test indexes， thirteen clinical symptoms， and three antidotes. Among the 1 682 patients included， GTT identified 652 potential ADEs， 284 true positive ADEs，with a trigger rate of 38.76% and a positive predictive value of 43.56%. After review by the auditor， 278 cases of ADEs were finally confirmed， with an incidence rate of 16.53%， significantly higher than the number of spontaneously reported ADEs during the same period （0）. The 278 cases of ADEs were mostly grade 1 （223 cases）， mainly involving hepatobiliary system， gastrointestinal system， blood- lymphatic system， etc；a total of 219 types of TCMs are involved，and the top five suspected TCMs used at a frequency higher than 1% were Poria cocos， Codonopsis pilosula， Atractylodes macrocephala， fried Glycyrrhiza uralensis， and Scutellaria baicalensis. CONCLUSIONS The established GTT can improve the recognition rate of ADEs for hospitalized patients using traditional Chinese medicine formula granules and decoction pieces.

Objective: To explore the causal relationship between gut microbiota and upper urinary tract stones using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis，and to investigate the potential mediating role of plasma metabolites. Methods: Data on gut microbiota，plasma metabolites，and upper urinary tract stones were obtained from publicly available Genome-wide Association Studies (GWAS).Bidirectional MR analysis was performed to examine the causal relationship between gut microbiota and upper urinary tract stones.Subsequently，a two-step MR approach was employed to determine whether gut microbiota contribute to upper urinary tract stones through plasma metabolites，and the mediating effects and mediator ratio were calculated.The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the primary analytical tool，supplemented by Bayesian weighted Mendelian randomization (BWMR)，MR-Egger，and weighted median (WM) analyses.Horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity tests were conducted to ensure the robustness of the findings. Results: Bidirectional MR analysis identified causal associations between 7 gut microbial taxa and 6 microbial metabolic pathways with upper urinary tract stones，while the development of upper urinary tract stones affected 13 gut microbial taxa and 5 metabolic pathways.Additionally，43 plasma metabolites (including 27 identified metabolites，8 unidentified metabolites，and 8 metabolite ratios) were causally associated with upper urinary tract stones.The two-step MR analysis identified 11 potential causal pathways.After metabolic pathways and unidentified metabolites were excluded，a causal link mediated by Bacteroides faecis between galactarate and upper urinary tract stones was confirmed，with a mediation proportion of 16.99% (95%CI：5.76%-33.95%，P=0.0371). Conclusion: This study establishes a causal relationship between parabacteroides and upper urinary tract stones，and elucidates the mediating role of galactarate，offering new insights into the pathogenesis and prevention strategies for upper urinary tract stones.

Objective This study aims to investigate the expression, phenotypic changes, and mechanisms of action of guanylate-binding protein 2 (GBP2) in the process of silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Methods The expression and localization of GBP2 in silicotic lung tissue were detected by immunohistochemical staining and immunofluorescence. An in vitro cell model was constructed, and methods such as Western blot and real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerasechain reaction were utilized to investigate the function of GBP2 in different cell lines following silica stimulation. The mechanism of action of GBP2 in various cell lines was elucidated using Western blot analysis. Results GBP2 was highly expressed in the lung tissue of patients with silicosis. Immunohistochemical staining and immunofluorescence have revealed that GBP2 was localized in macrophages and epithelial cells. In vitro cell experiments demonstrated that silicon dioxide stimulated THP-1 cells to activate the c-Jun pathway through GBP2, promoting the secretion of inflammatory factors and facilitating the occurrence of M2 macrophage polarization. In epithelial cells, GBP2 promoted the occurrence of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) by upregulating Krueppel-like factor 8 (KLF8). Conclusion GBP2 not only activates c-Jun in macrophages to promote the production of inflammatory factors and the occurrence of M2 macrophage polarization, but also activates the transcription factor KLF8 in epithelial cells to induce EMT, collectively promoting the progression of silicosis.
Humans ; Silicosis/genetics* ; Macrophages/cytology* ; Epithelial Cells/pathology* ; GTP-Binding Proteins/physiology* ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; Disease Progression ; Cell Line ; Male

Lung cancer has the highest incidence and mortality of any cancer in the world. In recent years, with the development of microbial detection technology, the intratumor microbiota has gradually become a hot spot and frontier in the field of lung cancer research. Studies have found that the microbiota present in tumors can influence the development of lung cancer in a variety of ways. In addition, the intratumor microbiota can be used as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis assessment of lung cancer, and the regulation of the intratumor microbiota of lung cancer is expected to become a new type of lung cancer treatment. In this paper, we reviewed the latest research progress on the relationship between intratumor microbiota and lung cancer, summarized the origin and characteristics of intratumor microbiota, discussed the mechanism of its influence on the occurrence and development of lung cancer, and explored its potential applications in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of lung cancer.
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Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis* ; Microbiota ; Animals ; Prognosis

Bone formation and deposition are initiated by sensory nerve infiltration in adaptive bone remodeling. Here, we focused on the role of Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A), expressed by sensory nerves, in mechanical loads-induced bone formation and nerve withdrawal using orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) model. Firstly, bone formation was activated after the 3rd day of OTM, coinciding with a decrease in sensory nerves and an increase in pain threshold. Sema3A, rather than nerve growth factor (NGF), highly expressed in both trigeminal ganglion and the axons of periodontal ligament following the 3rd day of OTM. Moreover, in vitro mechanical loads upregulated Sema3A in neurons instead of in human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) within 24 hours. Furthermore, exogenous Sema3A restored the suppressed alveolar bone formation and the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs induced by mechanical overload. Mechanistically, Sema3A prevented overstretching of F-actin induced by mechanical overload through ROCK2 pathway, maintaining mitochondrial dynamics as mitochondrial fusion. Therefore, Sema3A exhibits dual therapeutic effects in mechanical loads-induced bone formation, both as a pain-sensitive analgesic and a positive regulator for bone formation.
Humans ; Bone Remodeling ; Cell Differentiation ; Osteogenesis ; Semaphorin-3A/pharmacology* ; Trigeminal Ganglion/metabolism*

Objective:This study aimed to reveal the distribution and course of the branches of the infraorbital nerve(IN),its communication relationship between the branches of the infraorbital nerve and facial nerve,so as to provide morphological basis for clinical implementation of accurate infraorbital nerve trunk in the infraorbital canal,regional facial anesthesia and facial surgery,so as to improve the success rate of maxillofacial surgery.Methods:25 adult cada-vers with formalin immobilized semi-face were selected.Exclude facial defect samples caused by tumor,trauma,deformity,surgery,etc.The length and diameter of the trunk of the infraorbital nerve and the length of the infraorbital canal were measured.The total number of infraorbital nerve and the number of branches were counted,and the course,distribution and communication relationship between infraorbital nerve and facial nerve were investigated.Results:The length of infraorbital nerve trunk ranged from 19.61 to 44.47 mm,with an average length of(23.33±4.95)mm.The length of infraorbital canal ranged from 9.49 to 31.21 mm,with an average length of(12.87±3.99)mm.The number of infraorbital nerve branches ranged from 5 to 12,and the average number was(7.29±2.29).The number of upper labial branches was the widest,ranging from 1 to 5,while the distribution area of eyelid branches was the narrowest.There are(were)a large number of intersections and anastomoses between the infraorbital nerve and the facial nerve,forming a complex multi-layer network structure.Conclusion:The infraorbital nerve trunk and the infraorbital canal va-ry in length.The number and distribution range of infraorbital nerve branches are not constant,and the communication relationship between infraorbital nerve and facial nerve is complicated.

Although the understanding of sepsis has evolved from "sepsis 1.0" to "sepsis 3.0", and the consensus on clinical management of sepsis has been continuously updated, the incidence rate and mortality of sepsis remain high. Therefore, in-depth investigation of the pathogenesis and related influencing factors of sepsis is of great significance for revealing the nature of sepsis and improving the clinical outcome of sepsis patients. This review will focus on the key issues in the basic research of sepsis, and summarize the recent advances and challenges in this field, mainly including genetic polymorphism, microorganisms, high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), endothelial dysfunction, immunotherapy, and biomarkers, aiming to provide new insights for the diagnosis and treatment of sepsis.

AIM:The paper is to explore a rapid and simple method for the culture of mouse primary thyroid cells.METHODS:Mouse thyroid cells were isolated by enzyme digestion and cultured with improved medium,and their morphology,characteristics and secretory function were observed within 14 d.RESULTS:In the cultures,the active pri-mary cells were obtained from the thyroid tissue after digestion for 25 min;adherent growth was observed on the 2nd day.And secondary follicles appeared from the 5th to 7th day.Over 95%cells were detected with thyroglobulin.The secretion of total triiodothyronine and total thyroxine maintains over 60%in 7 d.The expression levels of specific genes can still maintain more than 50%in 10 d.CONCLUSION:Mouse thyroid primary cells can be rapidly cultured by this method,and the cells can be used for studying thyroid endocrine secretion within 7 d and studying thyroid genes within 10 d.

Objective:To test the reliability and validity of the general procrastination scale (GPS) in the application of middle school students.Methods:The Chinese version of GPS, the irrational procrastination scale(IPS), and the Maslach burnout inventory(MBI) were utilized to survey 10 825 middle school students in Harbin City through stratified random sampling, and 4 498 students were retested after 4 weeks. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 27.0 and Mplus 8.0.Results:The entries were well differentiated.Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis indicated that GPS was composed of two factors, including active avoidance and lack of planning.The model fit was good (CFI=0.914, TLI=0.901, RMSEA=0.069, SRMR=0.072). GPS was positively correlated with the total scores of IPS and MBI ( r=0.753, 0.677, both P<0.001). The Cronbach's α coefficient of GPS was 0.864, the folded half reliability was 0.870, and the retest reliability after 4 weeks was 0.756. Conclusion:The GPS has good reliability and validity among middle school students, which provides a standard for measuring the procrastination level of middle school students and carrying out related research.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of parasitic infections in market-sold aquatic products in Shanghai Municipality, and to understand the knowledge and practice towards food-borne parasitic diseases among residents, so as to provide insights into the surveillance and control of food-borne parasitic diseases. Methods Freshwater products, seawater products and pickled products were randomly obtained from agricultural trade markets, supermarkets, retail stores and restaurants in Huangpu, Putuo, Minhang and Qingpu districts of Shanghai Municipality from 2020 to 2023. Parasite metacercariae and larvae were detected in these aquatic products using pressing method, digestion method and the dissection method, and the detection of parasitic infection was compared in different types of aquatic products. In addition, the knowledge and practice towards food-borne parasitic diseases were investigated among residents aged 10-80 years old who randomly selected from agricultural trade markets, supermarkets, community streets and other population concentration areas in these four districts by questionnaire in 2023, and the awareness of food-borne parasitic diseases knowledge and percentage of healthy behaviors formation were analyzed. Results A total of 2 109 aquatic products sampled from Huangpu, Putuo, Minhang and Qingpu districts of Shanghai Municipality from 2020 to 2023 were detected, and there were 317 products detected with parasitic infections, with an overall detection rate of 15.03%. There were 8 products detected with parasitic infections in 1 221 freshwater products, with a detection rate of 0.66%, and Clonorchis sinensis was the predominant parasite, which was detected in Pseudorasbora parva, Rhodeus amarus and Carassius auratus. There were 82 products detected with parasitic infections in 501 seawater products, with a detection rate of 16.37%, and Anisakis was the predominant parasite, which was detected in Trichiurus lepturus, Larimichthys polyactis, Pneumatophorus japonicus, Collchthys lucidus, Mugil cephalus, Larimichthys crocea, Scomberomorus niphonius, Stromateoides argenteus and Cololabis saira. There were 227 products detected with parasitic infections in 387 pickled products, with a detection rate of 58.66%, and the prevalence rates of Echinostoma metacercariae were 76.27% (225/295) in Bullacta exarata and 11.11% (2/18) in crab pastes, respectively (χ² = 159.511, P < 0.05). No Paragonimus infection was found in freshwater shrimps, crabs and pickled products, and no Diphyllobothrium latum larvae infection was detected in freshwater and seawater fish. Questionnaire surveys showed that the awareness of food-borne parasitic diseases knowledge was 79.00% (222/281), and the percentages of washing hands before and after meals, not drinking filtered water or tap water directly, not eating raw or semi-raw food, being willing to change special dietary preferences or bad living habits for health, and being willing to learn more about food-borne parasitic diseases knowledge were 99.64% (280/281), 72.24% (203/281), 56.23% (158/281), 96.80% (272/281) and 97.51% (274/281) among residents living in Huangpu, Putuo, Minhang and Qingpu districts, respectively. Conclusions There are food-borne parasite contaminations in market-sold aquatic products in Shanghai Municipality. Although residents are aware of food-borne parasitic diseases knowledge, sustainable surveillance of food-borne parasitic diseases and improved health education are required to minimize the risk of human parasitic infections.