Haemophilia,including haemophilia A and haemophilia B,is a hemorrhagic hereditary disease in children.Long-time bleeding may lead to arthropathy,while on-demand therapy couldn't reverse the damage of the affected joint.Therefore,prophylaxis has attracted much attention.The main purpose of prophylaxis is to prevent the hemarthroses and arthropathy and to improve the life quality as well.Recently,several studies confirm the efficacy of prophylaxis.Failure of prophylaxis may relate to several barriers,such as the correct regimen,the development of inhibitor and the exorbitant cost.

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia,which is rare in children.The treatment of APL mainly includes anthracycline-based chemotherapy,all-trans retinoic acid,and arsenic trioxide,which allow for complete remission,improve the long time survival rate and reduce related toxicity as well.About the optimized treatment,quick breakthroughs have already reached,not only at home in the 80's at the end of the 90's,but also abroad,like National Comprehensive Cancer Network of the United States in 2006-2013.This review summarizes the progress in diagnosis and treatment of children with APL.

Objective: To explore the effects of early higher protein nutrition support and growth hormone in patients with severe craniocerebral injury. Methods: 60 patients with severe craniocerebral injury were randomized into observation group and control group.The observation group (30 cases) had received on higher protein nutrition support [2-2.5 g/(kg?d)] and growth hormone for one week. The control group(30 cases) had received lower [1.2-1.5 g/(kg?d) protein nutrition support] for one week. The levels of protein index were determined. The clinical effect and complication were compared between the two groups. Results: The serum prealbumin, albumin, transferrin and hemoglobin in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group.The staying time in ICU was significantly shorter and the progrosis was better in the observation group. There were no statistical differences about the index of liver function, renal function and the morbility between the two groups. Conclusion: Early higher protein nutrition support and growth hormone can improve the nutrition status and the prognosis of patients with severe craniocerebral injury.

Objective To isolate and determine the structures of chemical constituents from the roots and rootstalks of Rheum emodi.Methods The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by silica gel and polyamide column chromatography.Chemical methods and spectroscopic methods,such as 1H-NMR,13C-NMR,and MS spectra were used for the structure identification.Results Eighteen compounds were obtained.Sixteen of them were identified as:chrysophanol(1),physcion(2),?-sitosterol(3),emodin(4),aloe-emodin(5),rheumin(6),daucosterol(7),d-catechin(8),piceatannol(9),piceatannol-4'-O-?-D-glucopyranoside(10),piceatannol-4'-O-?-D-(6″-O-p-coumaroyl)-glucopyranoside(11),chrysophanol-8-O-?-D-glucopyranoside(12),physcion-1 and 8-O-?-D-glucopyranoside(13a and 13b),emodin-8-O-?-D-glucopyranoside(14),and sucrose(15).Meanwhile,one compound structure simi-lar to rhein was detected.Conclusion Compound 11 is a new compound named rheoside,compounds 13a and 13b are obtained from R.emodi for the first time.

AIM　To discuss the intraspecific relationship in Magnolia officinalis and the genuineness of Cortex Magnoliae officinalis, and to find some DNA characters of certified “Houpo”. METHODS　Thirty-three samples from eleven locations, which can represent most of the distribution of M.officinalis, were selected. The total DNA was extracted. Severty-four random primers were tried to get good amplification. RESULTS One hundred and sixteen bands amplified from seventeen primers, were clustered by NTSYS-pc software. Three branches were obtained. Some distinctive primers and bands, which represent certified species or fine breed, were obtained also. CONCLUSION　1) M.officinalis should be divided into three geographic clans instead of two subspecies or varieties, they are, a) typical officinalis, b) typical biloba and c) Middle type. This conclusion agrees with the leaf form and other characters. 2) The genetic difference between “Chuanpo” and “Wenpo” is evident and the difference is in correspondence with the quantities of their chemical constituents. So, the genetic difference is the main reason of the genuineness of Cortex Magnoliae officinalis. 3) These results may be used to establish DNA database for identification of Cortex Magnoliae officinalis.

Objective To explore the diagnostic values of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and p -human chorionic gonadotropin( β -hCG) for early ectopic pregnancy. Methods The serum levels of VEGF and β-hCG were measured in 109 patients with suspected ectopic pregnancy by ELISA and RIA respectively, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curvers were established, the diagnostic values of VEGF and β -hCG for ectopic pregnancy were analyzed. Results One hundred and nine patients with suspected ectopic pregnancy were diagnosed in the end: 62 cases with ectopic pregnancy and 47 cases with intrauterine pregnancy. The levels of VEGF in ectopic pregnancy were significantly higher than those in intrauterine pregnancy (P ＜ 0.05), but the levels of β -hCG were significantly lower than those in intrauterine pregnancy (P ＜ 0.05). The areas under ROC curves of VEGF were 0.87, the areas under ROC curves of β -hCG were 0.71. In VEGF ＞ 140 ng/L for diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy, the sensitivity and specificity were 75.8% (47/62) and 80.9% (38/47) respectively. In β-hCG ＜ 1200 U/L for diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy, the sensitivity and specificity were 64.5%(40/62) and 61.7%(29/47) respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of combined detection of VEGF and β -hCG were 80.6%(50/62) and 57.4%( 27/47) respectively. Conclusions The diagnostic values of VEGF are better than those of β -hCG. The combined detection of VEGF and β -hCG can increase the rate of early diagnosis and shorten observation time.

Objective To explore the optimal exercise way of improving the risk indicators of electrocardiogram (ECG) during exercise.Methods Twenty-four healthy male subjects aged between 40 and 49 years old were divided randomly into a control group (n=9),a low amount exercise group of 1200 kcal/wk (n=7) and a high amount exercise group of 2000 kcal/wk (n=8).The intensity of the exercise groups was 65％～ 80％VO2max training in the standard 400 m track for 12 weeks.The accelerometer and polar watch were worn to monitor the exercise process.During the exercise,the exercise amount was controlled using the distance and duration while the intensity was controlled using target heart rate.The subjects took part in the graded exercise test before and after the exercise intervention.Twelve lead electrocardiograms were used to measure the indicators of ST segment depression and corrected QT interval dispersion (QTcd) during the exercise.Results The exercise intervention did not result in significant change in ST segment depression,while the QTcd indicator in both the exercise groups decreased significantly after the intervention (P＜0.05).Moreover,the decrease of QTcd indicator in the low amount exercise group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P＜0.05),while the decrease of QTcd indicator in high volume group was higher than that of the control group (P＜0.01).No significant differences were found in the ST segment depression among the 3 different groups.Conclusion The Twelve-weeks exercise interventions with intensity of 65％ ～ 80％ VO2max and exercise amount of 1200 kcal/wk and 2000 kcal/wk have no effect on the ST segment depression during the exercise.However,they can result in significant decrease in the QTcd of ECG during exercise,reducing the risk of exercise-induced myocardial ischemia.

Objective To study the effect of compound matrine injection combined with chemotherapy on the immune function and life quality of elderly patients with colorectal cancer. Methods Seventy patients with colorectal cancer treated in Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People′s Hospital South Campus from January 2010 to December 2013 were involved in this survey. They were divided into the control group and the observation group randomly,each group had 35 cases,the control group was treated with chemotherapy only, the observation group was treated with compound matrine injection combine with chemotherapy. The curative effect,life quality and immune function in the two groups were compared. Results The number of complete remission patients in the observation group was 8 cases ( 22. 86%) ,the number of partial remission cases was 16 cases ( 45. 71%) , the effective rate was 68. 57%, while the control group had 4 cases of complete remission (11. 43%),11 cases of partial remission (31. 43%),the effective rate was 42. 86% (Z=-2. 259,P=0. 024) . In the observation group,life quality was significantly improved in 10 cases (28. 57%),improved in 19 cases ( 54. 29%) ,the effective rate was 82. 86%,while in the control group,life quality was significantly improved in 4 cases ( 11. 43%) ,and improved in 10 cases ( 28. 57%) ,the effective rate was only 40%. The improvement rate of the two groups was statistically significant ( Z=-3. 497,P=0. 000) . Before treatment,the immune function indexes of patients in the two groups were close ( P>0. 05) ,after treatment,the immune function in both groups were significantly improved,CD3+,CD4+,CD4+/CD8+ levels of patients in the observation group were higher than those in the control group,while the CD8+ level in the observation group was lower than that of the control group ( t=-3. 968,P=0. 000;t=-5. 351,P=0. 000;t=-5. 474,P=0. 000;t=6. 407,P=0. 000) . The follow?up time of the two groups was 36 months. After 36 months,the survival rates of the observation group and the control group were 85. 7% (30/35) and 80. 0% (28/35) respectively,and the difference was not statistically significant (χ2=0. 402,P=0. 526) . Conclusion Compound matrine injection combined with chemotherapy can significantly improve the clinical efficacy of elderly patients with colorectal cancer,improve the immune function and quality of life,it is worthy of clinical application.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the value of the measurement with a scale in arthroscopic anatomic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.Methods Thirty-six patients with unilateral ACL-deficient knees were divided into single bundle group and double bundle group based on the length of the major axis of the native ACL footprint measured with a scale.Consistent with the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scoring systems,Lysholm knee scoring scale and Tegner activity rating were used to evaluate the clinical results,and data from 23 to 26 months follow-up were gathered and analyzed statistically.ResultsIn terms of IKDC evaluation,19 patients( 90.4％ ) in the double band group and 13 patients( 86.7％ )in the single band group were graded as normal or nearly normal ( Z =7.82,6.33 ; P ＜ 0.05 ).The mean Lysholm scores were 93.8 ± 9.9 and 94.2 ± 9.6 and the mean Tegner scores were 6.6 ± 1.9 and 6.5 ± 1.7 for the double and single band groups,respectively( t =2.31,5.60,3.55,7.09 ;P ＜0.05 ).ConclusionArthroscopic measurement with a scale combined with other traditional methods to determine the tunnel location is easy to conduct and intuitional to understand.It could be useful in anatomic ACL reconstruction.

Objective To explore the effectiveness of 12-week exercises with different intensities on cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)of rats,so as to provide theoretical evidences for evaluating effective exercise loads.Methods Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into a low intensity group(50％ VO2max),a moderate intensity group(65％VO2max),a high intensity group(80％VO2max)and a sedentary group,each of 10.All rats were measured the VO2max after three-day adaptive training,then they were repeated the VO2max test every two weeks on the non-training days and the load of the next two weeks was adjusted according to the test result.The treadmill speed was controlled to maintain the specific exercise intensity of each group in the training period.The rats in the exercise groups were trained 5 days per week and 60 minutes per day.After 12 weeks of exercise intervention,the ultrasonic cardiogram tests were conducted.Results After 12 weeks of exercise,compared with the sedentary group,the average weight of the low and high intensity groups decreased significantly(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).After the 12-week exercise intervention,the average VO2max of the three exercise groups were significantly higher than the sedentary group (P＜0.01).The average CRF of the moderate and high intensity group improved faster,with their peak value at the 6th and 8th week respectively.However,in the low intensity group significant improvement in the average CRF was observed from the 10th week,with the peak value appearing at the 12th week.The average left ventricular internal dimension systole of the high intensity group was lower than the low intensity group(P＜0.05),while the ejection fraction and left ventricular shortening fraction increased significantly (P＜0.05).Conclusions Exercises with different intensity can improve the CRF.However,compared with moderate and high intensity exercise,it requires longer time to improve CRF with low intensity exercise.Only exercise with 80％VO2max can significantly improve the cardiac pumping function.