Stresses induced by the deficiency or excess of trace mineral elements, such as manganese (Mn), represent a common limiting factor for the production of crops like Brassica napus. To identify key genes involved in Mn allocation in B. napus and elucidate the underlying mechanisms, a member of the metal tolerance protein (MTP) family obtained in the previous screening of cDNA library of B. napus under Mn stress was selected as the research subject. Based on the sequence information and phylogenetic analysis, it was named as BnMTP10. It belongs to the Mn-cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) subfamily. Expression of BnMTP10 in yeast significantly improved the tolerance of transformants to excessive Mn and iron (Fe) and reduced the accumulation of Mn and Fe. However, the yeast transformants exhibited no significant changes in tolerance to excess cadmium, boron, aluminum, zinc, or copper. The qRT-PCR results demonstrated that the flowers of B. napus had the highest expression of BnMTP10, followed by roots and leaves. Subcellular localization studies revealed that BnMTP10 was localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Compared with wild-type plants, transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing BnMTP10 exhibited enhanced tolerance to excessive Mn stress but showed no significant difference under Fe stress. Correspondingly, under excessive Mn stress, the Mn content in the roots of transgenic Arabidopsis increased significantly. However, under excessive Fe stress, the Fe content in transgenic Arabidopsis did not alter significantly. According to the results, we hypothesize that BnMTP10 may alleviate excessive Mn stress in plants by mediating Mn transport to the ER. This study facilitated our understanding of efficient mineral nutrients, and provided theoretical foundations and gene resources for breeding B. napus.
Brassica napus/genetics* ; Manganese/metabolism* ; Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics* ; Plant Proteins/physiology* ; Arabidopsis/metabolism* ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Phylogeny ; Cation Transport Proteins/metabolism* ; Stress, Physiological

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of different cultivation modes on the yield of Gentiana crassicaulis and its microbial diversity and secondary metabolite content in the rhizosphere soil. MethodWith G. crassicaulis of different cultivation modes and its rhizosphere soil as the research objects， the composition of bacterial and fungal communities， dominant bacteria， and differential microorganisms in the rhizosphere soil were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing technology. HPLC was used to determine the content of iridoids in G. crassicaulis with different cultivation modes. ResultCompared with plastic film mulching， planting without mulch and intercropping of peony， white kidney bean， potato， and corn increased the yield of fresh products by 16.11%-17.68%， 22.48%-26.34%， 29.37%-32.19%， 34.82%-36.57%， and 35.34%-39.71%， respectively， and increased the yield of dry products by 19.75%-23.17%， 25.86%-29.32%， 30.18%-34.94%， 35.22%-39.87%， and 39.72%-43.73%. The total content of four iridoids， including gentiopicrin， loganic acid， sweroside， and swertiamarin， increased by 10.17%-37.83%， 5.93%-47.44%， 9.09%-28.84%， and 10.71%-28.57%， respectively. The diversity of bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere soil increased significantly （P<0.05）. The relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria such as Sordariomycetes， Leotiomycetes， Tremellomycetes， Eurotiomycetes， Fusarium， and Cladophialophora decreased， and the proportions of beneficial bacteria such as Proteobacteria， Acidobacteria， and Actinobacteriota increased and they gradually became the dominant bacteria. ConclusionDifferent cultivation modes can affect the yield of G. crassicaulis and its microbial diversity and iridoid content in the rhizosphere soil. Cultivation without mulch and intercropping patterns have certain advantages， which can provide theoretical references for the planting of G. crassicaulis.

The current implementation of labor education in college is insufficient and does not match its importance. The main reasons lie in outdated conceptual understanding, monotonic implementing form and lack of teaching resources for labor education. This status quo does not meet the requirements for professional and creative labor works in modern society. In order to address this challenge, we propose to incorporate labor education into professional education. Such incorporation not only mutually promotes both labor and professional education, but also integrates professional knowledge and labor skills during the teaching process, thus combining the elements of traditional labor education with timely requirement for creative labor works. This article introduced a way to incorporate labor education into biostatistics courses, and analyzed the mutually beneficial effect of such approaches.
Biostatistics ; Curriculum ; Humans

Objective:To explore the dynamic changes of inflammatory cytokines and T lymphocyte activation in the peripheral blood of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients during anti-retroviral therapy (ART).Methods:Two hundred and six HIV/AIDS patients with ART at clinic of the Department of Infectious Diseases in Second Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University between January 2017 and December 2019 were selected as HIV infection group. They were followed up regularly and the blood samples before treatment and at month 6, month 12, month 24 of treatment were collected. Meanwhile, 52 healthy cases were enrolled in the healthy control group and their blood samples were collected. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the plasma concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6, hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Flow cytometry was used to detect the CD3 + CD4 + T lymphocytes count and the percentage of CD4 + CD38 + T lymphocytes and CD8 + CD38 + T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Plasma HIV RNA viral load was determined using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction technique. Statistical methods used paired t test and Pearson correlation analysis. Results:The concentrations of IL-6, hsCRP and TNF-α in HIV infection group were (13.42±2.35) pg/mL, (4 012.46±1 012.35) μg/L and (51.78±11.32) μg/L, respectively, which were higher than those in healthy control group ((6.14±0.78) pg/mL, (707.21±305.76) μg/L and (19.01±6.48) μg/L, respectively). The differences were all statistically significant ( t=12.56, 16.79 and 13.45, respectively, all P<0.001). They decreased gradually after initiation of ART in HIV infection group, and returned to normal levels at month 24 of ART. CD3 + CD4 + T cells count was (256.00±65.32)/μL and HIV RNA viral load was (4.467±4.244) lg copies/mL before ART in HIV infection group, which were negatively correlated ( r=-0.625, P=0.041). The percentages of CD8 + CD38 + T lymphocytes before treatment and at month 12 or month 24 of treatment in HIV infection group were higher than those in healthy control group. The differences were all statistically significant ( t=3.85, 6.84 and 2.57, respectively, all P<0.050). The percentage of CD8 + CD38 + T lymphocytes was positively correlated with HIV RNA viral load before ART ( r=0.768, P=0.026). The percentages of CD4 + CD38 + T lymphocytes before treatment and at month 12 or month 24 of treatment in the HIV infection group were lower than those in the healthy control group, and the differences were all statistically significant ( t=6.80, 1.10, and 2.11, respectively, all P<0.050). Conclusions:HIV infection could not only cause insufficiency in immune system, but also abnormal activation of immune system, which could get better gradually with ART.

Objective:To analyze the relationship between molecular cytogenetic abnormalities and clinical characteristics of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in childhood .Methods:A total of 403 patients newly diagnosed with ALL in the Department of Hematology, Shanghai Children′s Hospital from January 2009 to December 2018 were enrolled in this study.All the patients had completed the test of bone marrow smear cytology, immunotyping, karyotype analysis, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).Results:(1)There were 240 males (59.6%) and 163 females (40.4%) aged (5.31±3.46)years.There were 374 patients(92.8%) with B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL)and 29 patients(7.2%) with T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). (2)Cytogenetics: A total of 311 cases (77.2%) showed mitosis in the chromosomal karyotype analysis, of which 126 cases were abnormal (abnormality detection rate was 40.5%), including 15.4% (48/311cases) hyperdiploid.(3)Fusion gene: Positive fusion genes were found in 110 cases (27.3%), including TEL/AML1 gene in 70 cases (17.4%), BCR/ ABL in 13 cases (3.2%), MLL in 19 cases (4.7%). From 2015-2018, 8 cases (4.0%) of PBX1/TCF3 fusion gene, 1 case of EBF1-PDGFRB fusion gene, 6 cases of SIL/TAL1 fusion gene were detected, SIL/TAL1 positive patients which were accounting for 33.3% of T-ALL improved the detection rate of T-ALL molecular abnormalities.Patients with positive BCR/ ABL were older than those with positive TEL/AML1 and positive MLL[(8.01±3.11) years vs.(3.89±1.84) years, (1.56±1.25) years, P<0.001]; patients with positive PBX1/TCF3 [6.58±4.83) years]were older than those with positive TEL/AML1 and positive MLL (all P<0.05); patients with positive MLL were younger than those with positive TEL/AML1 [(1.56±1.25) years vs.(3.89±1.84) years, P=0.001]; the white blood cell (WBC) count of positive MLL patients was higher than that of positive TEL/AML1 and positive BCR/ ABL patients [(76.97±19.87)×10 9/L vs.(16.94±2.28)×10 9/L, P=0.002; (76.97±19.87)×10 9/L vs.(20.53±6.49)×10 9/L, P<0.05]; the WBC count of PBX1/TCF3 positive children was higher than that of positive TEL/AML1 patients [(85.75±30.32)×10 9/L vs.(16.94±2.28)×10 9/L, P=0.002]. The immunotyping of positive MLL patients was dominated by early precursor B-ALL (14/19 cases), while the immunotyping of TEL/AML1 and BCR/ABL positive patients were dominated by common-B-ALL(57/70 cases and 11/15 cases). (4)The detection rates of chromosome karyotype analysis, FISH, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to detect molecular genetic abnormalities in primary ALL patients, the detection rate was 40.5% (126/403 cases), 69.2% (279/403 cases), and 29.7% (60/202 cases), respectively.The difference was statistically significant ( P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the abnormality detection rate between chromosome karyotype analysis and PCR ( P=0.71). (5)There was no significant difference in the detection rate of molecular cytogenetic abnormalities between different genders and age groups ( P=0.651, 0.721). There was a significant difference between the WBC count ≥50 × 10 9/L group and <50 × 10 9/L group(37/51 cases vs.107/352 cases, P<0.001). The detection rate of B-ALL genetic abnormalities was higher than that of T-ALL genetic abnormalities(275/374 cases vs.14/29 cases, P=0.005). Conclusions:There are a higher proportion of hyperdiploidy chromosomes in children ALL.The distribution of fusion genes is related to age, primary white blood cell count, and immunotyping.The three detection methods complement each other and greatly improve the detection rate of genetic abnormalities.The detection rate of T-ALL genetic abnormality is low, and new detection methods may be needed.

Objective To analyze the impact of secondary infection on prognosis of liver failure. Methods A total of 384 hospitalized patients who were diagnosed with liver failure from January 2015 to Decembet 2017 in the Department of Infectious Diseases of the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into infected group and non-infected group according to whether they were complicated with infection during hospitalization .The cause of liver failure, the area and source of infection were recorded.The infected group was divided into bacterial group and fungal group.The liver and kidney function , international normalized ratio ( INR).The model for end-stage liver disease ( MELD ) score, hospitalization days , medical expenditure , and mortality were calculated and evaluated.T test was used for normally distributed continuous variables , and chi-square test was used for classified variables.Results A total of 384 hospitalized patients with liver failure were enrolled , including 321 males and 63 females with age of (45.5 ±13.4) years.There were 240 patients (62.5%, infected group) who had secondary infection during the whole course , and 144 patients (37.5%, non-infected group ) were not infected.Among the 384 patients, 328 patients (85.4%) were infected with hepatitis B virus, 8(2.1%) with hepatitis C virus, and 10(2.6%) with alcoholic hepatitis.As for the clinical types of liver failure , 187 patients (48.7%) were diagnosed with acute-on-chronic (subacute) liver failure and 158 (41.1%) with chronic liver failure.Among the 240 patients in the infected group, 122 patients (50.8%) had abdominal infection, 84 (35%) had pulmonary infection, 8(3.3%) had urinary tract infection, 13(5.4%) had biliary tract infection , and 11 ( 4.6%) had bloodstream infection.The levels of total bilirubin , creatinine, MELD scores, hospitalization days and medical expenditure in the infected group and non -infected group were statistically significant (all P＜0.01) after 30 days in hospital.In the infected group, 362 various samples from 240 patients were submitted for bacterial culture , among which 87 samples were positive, including Candida in 15 samples, Aspergillus in 8 samples, Acinetobacter baumannii in 13 samples, Staphylococcus in 10 samples, Escherichia coli in 11 samples, Klebsiella pneumoniae in 14 samples, Bacillus faecalis in 4 samples, Bacillus pallid in 4 samples, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in 4 samples and Aeromonas hydrophila in 4 samples.Among the 240 patients in the infected group , 182 patients were diagnosed with bacterial infection and 58 with fungal infection. There were significant differences in total bilirubin , serum creatinine, INR, MELD scores and mortality rate between the two groups ( all P＜0.05).Conclusions The rate of secondary infection in patients with liver failure is not related with age.The development of secondary infection , especially fungal infection , worsens the prognosis of patients with liver failure.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the ratio of signal intensity of fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR)sequence lesion side／contralateral side and the onset time of acute ischemic stroke. Methods Forty-three consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke admitted to the Department of Neurology,Dongguan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from November 2016 to January 2018 were enrolled retrospectively. They were all first onset and were diagnosed by MRI,and the onset time was 0. 5 to 6. 0 h. According to the time window of effective rescue of the penumbra,43 patients were divided into a ≤4. 5 h group (n＝19)and a ＞4. 5-6. 0 h group (n＝24). The signal intensity values of FLAIR, diffusion-weighted imaging,signal intensity of apparent diffusion coefficient sequence on the lesion side and contralateral brain tissue in the two groups of patients were measured respectively,and the relative signal intensity (RSI)was calculated and compared between the two groups. Taking RSI as the dependent variable and onset time as the independent variable,a general linear regression analysis was performed. Results (1)In FLAIR sequence,the signal intensity value and RSI value of patients in the≤4. 5 h group were lower than those in the ＞4. 5-6. 0 h group. There were significant differences between the 2 groups (disease side signal intensity value:531 ± 109 vs. 681 ± 306,t ＝2. 04;RSI value:1. 19 ± 0. 13 vs. 1. 45 ± 0. 18,t＝5. 29,all P＜0. 05). There was no significant difference in the signal intensity values on the contralateral sides between the two groups (P＞0. 05). (2)In diffusion weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient sequence,there were no significant differences in the signal intensity value and RSI value on the disease side and the contralateral side between the the≤4. 5 hours group and the ＞4. 5-6. 0 h group (all P＞0. 05). (3)In the FLAIR sequence,with the prolongation of the time of the disease,RSI gradually increased,and was positively correlated (r＝0. 756,P＜0. 01). Conclusions The quantitative measurement of the disease side／contralateral side of FLAIR sequence might reflect the onset time of acute ischemic stroke. Its RSI value increased with the prolonged onset time.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and prognostic factors for M4/M5subtypes in chil-dren with acute myeloid leukemia(AML).Methods A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of M4/M5subtypes in Shanghai Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University,from January 2009 to December 2014 was carried out.The long-term efficacy,prognosis and relapse factors were analyzed.Results The clinical data of 46 ca-ses were collected,among which 38 cases were treated with more than 2 courses,including 22 male,16 female,19 cases M4and 19 cases M5.The median age was 5 years.5-year overall survival(OS)rate and 5-year event-free survival (EFS)rate were(57.7 ± 9.3)% and(47.2 ± 8.9)%,and 5-year EFS of M4and M5were(52.4 ± 12.7)% and (45.4 ± 11. 9)%. Compared with the international risk stratification:5-year EFS rate of favorable-risk, intermediate-risk and poor-risk were(77.2 ± 12.4)%,(49.5 ± 14.9)% and(25.0 ± 19.8)%(χ2=6.305,P=0.043).Single factor analysis showed that extramedullary infiltration(χ2=4.828,P=0.028),Chromosome karyotype (χ2=10.178,P=0.017),the eighth day assessment(χ2=5.382,P=0.020)and course of treatment(χ2=4.771, P=0.029)were prognostic factors;multivariate analysis showed extramedullary infiltration(HR =5.323,95%CI:1.620-17.490,P=0.006)and less-than-6 courses of treatment(HR=6.186,95%CI:1.726-22.176,P=0.005)were the independent risk factors of affecting survival.Conclusions (1)Strengthening treatment and ade-quate courses of treatment are the critical to improve the overall curative effect in children with M4/M5subtypes.(2) Extramedullary infiltration was the risk factor for survival and recurrence in M4/M5subtypes.(3)It is suggested that the children who have the initial symptoms and molecular biology with poor prognostic factors choose hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as early as possible.

Objective To explore the optimal exercise way of improving the risk indicators of electrocardiogram (ECG) during exercise.Methods Twenty-four healthy male subjects aged between 40 and 49 years old were divided randomly into a control group (n=9),a low amount exercise group of 1200 kcal/wk (n=7) and a high amount exercise group of 2000 kcal/wk (n=8).The intensity of the exercise groups was 65％～ 80％VO2max training in the standard 400 m track for 12 weeks.The accelerometer and polar watch were worn to monitor the exercise process.During the exercise,the exercise amount was controlled using the distance and duration while the intensity was controlled using target heart rate.The subjects took part in the graded exercise test before and after the exercise intervention.Twelve lead electrocardiograms were used to measure the indicators of ST segment depression and corrected QT interval dispersion (QTcd) during the exercise.Results The exercise intervention did not result in significant change in ST segment depression,while the QTcd indicator in both the exercise groups decreased significantly after the intervention (P＜0.05).Moreover,the decrease of QTcd indicator in the low amount exercise group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P＜0.05),while the decrease of QTcd indicator in high volume group was higher than that of the control group (P＜0.01).No significant differences were found in the ST segment depression among the 3 different groups.Conclusion The Twelve-weeks exercise interventions with intensity of 65％ ～ 80％ VO2max and exercise amount of 1200 kcal/wk and 2000 kcal/wk have no effect on the ST segment depression during the exercise.However,they can result in significant decrease in the QTcd of ECG during exercise,reducing the risk of exercise-induced myocardial ischemia.

Objective To study the effect of compound matrine injection combined with chemotherapy on the immune function and life quality of elderly patients with colorectal cancer. Methods Seventy patients with colorectal cancer treated in Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People′s Hospital South Campus from January 2010 to December 2013 were involved in this survey. They were divided into the control group and the observation group randomly,each group had 35 cases,the control group was treated with chemotherapy only, the observation group was treated with compound matrine injection combine with chemotherapy. The curative effect,life quality and immune function in the two groups were compared. Results The number of complete remission patients in the observation group was 8 cases ( 22. 86%) ,the number of partial remission cases was 16 cases ( 45. 71%) , the effective rate was 68. 57%, while the control group had 4 cases of complete remission (11. 43%),11 cases of partial remission (31. 43%),the effective rate was 42. 86% (Z=-2. 259,P=0. 024) . In the observation group,life quality was significantly improved in 10 cases (28. 57%),improved in 19 cases ( 54. 29%) ,the effective rate was 82. 86%,while in the control group,life quality was significantly improved in 4 cases ( 11. 43%) ,and improved in 10 cases ( 28. 57%) ,the effective rate was only 40%. The improvement rate of the two groups was statistically significant ( Z=-3. 497,P=0. 000) . Before treatment,the immune function indexes of patients in the two groups were close ( P>0. 05) ,after treatment,the immune function in both groups were significantly improved,CD3+,CD4+,CD4+/CD8+ levels of patients in the observation group were higher than those in the control group,while the CD8+ level in the observation group was lower than that of the control group ( t=-3. 968,P=0. 000;t=-5. 351,P=0. 000;t=-5. 474,P=0. 000;t=6. 407,P=0. 000) . The follow?up time of the two groups was 36 months. After 36 months,the survival rates of the observation group and the control group were 85. 7% (30/35) and 80. 0% (28/35) respectively,and the difference was not statistically significant (χ2=0. 402,P=0. 526) . Conclusion Compound matrine injection combined with chemotherapy can significantly improve the clinical efficacy of elderly patients with colorectal cancer,improve the immune function and quality of life,it is worthy of clinical application.