BACKGROUND: Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury can result in irreversible neuronal function loss, whereas intrathecal administration of analgesia and neuroprotective drugs has been frequently used in the clinic. The animal models undergoing intrathecal administration of neuroprotective substances after cerebral injury are the basis of studies on the effects of neuroprotective substances.OBJECTIVE: To establish animal models of global cerebral ischemia combined with intrathecal catheterization for drug admistration. METHODS: Global cerebral ischemia was induced by four-vessel occlusion method and intrathecal catheterization was performed. Rats were randomly assigned to three groups with 10 rats per group: sham-surgery, model, and huwena toxin-Ⅰ (HWTX-Ⅰ). Rat models of global cerebral ischemia were established and intrathecal catheterization for drug administration was performed in the model and HWTX-Ⅰ groups. After model establishment, rats from the HWTX-Ⅰ group received HWTX-Ⅰ(1.0 μL/kg), and rats from the model group received the same amount of physiological saline. At 4 days after ischemia/reperfusion, Nissl staining was performed to observe the morphological changes of pyramidal neurons in rat hippocampal CA1 region. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the sham-surgery group, numerous pyramidal neurons were densely and orderly arranged, endochylema was blue-stained, and Nissl body staining was even. In the HWTX-Ⅰ group, pyramidal neurons were orderly arranged, sparsely distributed, and some neuronal bodies were atrophic and darkly stained. In the model group, pyramidal neurons were disorderly arranged, and sparsely distributed in the whole CA1 region; in addition, a large number of neurons were atrophic and darkly stained. There was a larger degree of morphological change of hippocampal CA1 region pyramidal neurons in the HWTX-Ⅰ group than in the model group. Results indicate that rat models of global cerebral ischemia combined with intrathecal catheterization were successfully established.

BACKGROUND:Ion channel analytical technique has verified that huwentoxin is an N-type Ca2+channel blocker affecting on presynaptic membrane. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of N-type Ca2+channel blocker huwentoxin on expressions of tumor necrosis factorα, tumor necrosis factor receptor I, tumor necrosis factor receptor-related death domain, Fas-related death domain protein and Caspase 8 in the hippocampi of rat models of global cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury. METHODS:Rat models of global cerebral ischemia and subarachnoid catheter were established using Pulsinel i 4-vessel occlusion and then received infusion of huwentoxin or normal saline via a PE10 tube. Morphological changes in the mitochondria and ultrastructure of pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region of rats with global cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury were observed using electron microscope. The expressions of tumor necrosis factorα, tumor necrosis factor receptor I, tumor necrosis factor receptor-related death domain, Fas-related death domain protein and Caspase 8 were measured using RT-PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Huwentoxin could maintain the basic morphology of mitochondria of rats with global cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury and decrease the expressions of tumor necrosis factorα, tumor necrosis factor receptor I, tumor necrosis factor receptor-related death domain, Fas-related death domain protein and Caspase 8 mRNA. Results suggested that huwentoxin as a novel N-type Ca2+channel blocker could block extracellular Ca2+influx, reduce intracellular Ca2+concentration, diminish a series of pathological lesion induced by intracellular Ca2+overload, protect nerve cells, and lessen the injury to nerve cells of hippocampus after ischemia and hypoxia.

Objective To explore the status of C57BL/6J mouse brown fat adipogenic differentiation function with aging.Methods C57BL/6J female and male mice at the ages of 0-week (newborn),4-week,8-week,12-week old were selected from the same brood,brown adipose tissue was obstained from their interscapular region,and the brown adipose was identified by using immunohistochemical markers.Then the total RNA was extracted from the brown adipose and quality identification was determined at the same time.The expression levels of the related genes (PPARα,C/EBPα,PGC-1α,PPARγ,FOXC2,BMP7) induced by brown adipose adipogenic differentiation were detected by quantitative real-time PCR in 0-week,4-week,8-week,12-week mice.Results Uncoupling protein -1 (UCP1) immunohistochemical data indicated that positive deep-colour substance was brown adipose tissue.Quantitative Real-time PCR also indicated that the expression volume of adipogenesis gene gradually reduced with aging,and there were significant differences at the different time points [PPARα (F =11.96,P ＜ 0.000 1),C/EBPα (F =9.39,P ＜0.000 1),PGC-1α(F =17.21,P ＜0.000 1),PPARγ(F =13.11,P ＜0.000 1),FOXC2(F =12.23,P ＜0.000 1),BMP7(F =16.44,P ＜0.000 1)].Conclusions The adipogenic differentiation ability and activity of mouse brown adipose gradually reduce with aging.But the regulatory factors for its function needs to be further investigated.

The antinociceptive effect of epidural administration of huwentoxin-I was elucidated in a tonic visceral pain rat model produced by acute colon inflammation. The nociceptive behaviors were induced by perendoscopically injecting dilute formalin (50 μl) into the depth of the colonic wall in rats. Both ω-conotoxinMVIIA and morphine hydrochloride were given epidurally as positive control while saline as negative control.Similar to ω-conotoxin-MVIIA and hydrochloride morphine, the epidural administration of HWTX-Ⅰ significantly reduced the nociceptive responses in a dose-dependent manner in tonic visceral pain rat model ( P ＜ 0.05). The suppression effects of both huwentoxin- Ⅰ and ω-conotoxin-MVIIA at 20 μg/kg were kept steady compared with the saline group and reached their maximum effects at the doses of 50 ～ 75 μg/kg within 1 hour when the nociception had been observed. It was also found that at the same doses, huwentoxin- Ⅰ was less effective in antinociception than ω-conotoxin-MVIIA. However, ω-conotoxin-MVIIA, but not huwentoxinⅠ , caused an obvious motor dysfunction at these doses. The action of morphine hydrochloride was initiated faster, but lasted for a shorter time than that of huwentoxin- Ⅰ and ω-conotoxin-MVIIA. Thus, huwentoxinⅠ , a potent blocker of neuronal N-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels, induced a remarkable dosedependent restrain effect similar to ω-conotoxin-MVIIA and morphine on the tonic visceral pain produced by colonic wall injection of formalin in conscious rats.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of epidural anesthesia combined with different doses ropivacaine and sufentanil for stepwise labor analgesia in latent phase.Methods Two hundred and ten ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ primiparas with a singleton and vertex presentation at full term in our hospital from February 201 5 to April 201 5 were randomized into seven groups (n =30 each):0.125% ropiva-caine with 0.5 μg/ml sufentanil (group 1);0.075% ropivacaine with 0.5 μg/ml sufentanil (cervical dilatation < 3 cm),0.125% ropivacaine with 0.5 μg/ml sufentanil (cervical dilatation ≥ 3 cm) (group 2);0.1% ropivacaine with 0.5 μg/ml sufentanil (cervical dilatation < 3 cm),0.125% ropiv-acaine with 0.5 μg/ml sufentanil (cervical dilatation≥3 cm)(group3);0.1 5% ropivacaine with 0.5μg/ml sufentanil (group 4);0.075% ropivacaine with 0.5 μg/ml sufentanil (cervical dilatation < 3 cm),0.1 5% ropivacaine with 0.5 μg/ml sufentanil (cervical dilatation≥ 3 cm)(group 5 );0.1%ropivacaine with 0.5 μg/ml sufentanil (cervical dilatation<3 cm),0.1 5% ropivacaine with 0.5 μg/ml sufentanil (cervical dilatation≥3 cm)(group 6);0.125% ropivacaine with 0.5 μg/ml sufentanil (cervical dilatation<3 cm),0.1 5% ropivacaine with 0.5 μg/ml sufentanil (cervical dilatation≥3 cm) (group 7).The intensity of pain was assessed by visual analog scale (VAS).Meanwhile,1abor process,postpartum hemorrhage,Bromage score,postpartum adverse reactions and Apgar score of the neonates were also observed.Results No significant difference was found in VAS score after epi-
dural block between groups at each time.The latent period of group 2 and 3 were shorter than that in group 1 (P <0.05)and that of group 5 and 6 were shorter than that in group 4 (P <0.05);the ac-tive phase of group 4 were longer than that in group 1 (P <0.05 ).The postpartum hemorrhage of group 2 and 3 were less than that in group 1 (P <0.05),the postpartum hemorrhage of group 5,6 and 7 were more than that in group 2 (P <0.05)and group 3 (P <0.05).The motor nerve block of group 2 and 3 were slightly less than that in group 1 (P <0.05)and the motor nerve block of group 5,6 and 7 were slightly less than that in group 4 (P <0.05).There was no difference of the postpar-tum adverse reactions of maternal and Apgar score in the neonates.Conclusion The dosage of 0.075% or 0.1% ropivacaine with 0.5 μg/ml sufentanil (cervical dilatation < 3 cm),0.125% ropiv-acaine with 0.5 μg/ml sufentanil (cervical dilatation ≥ 3 cm),while producing the exact analgesic effect,hardly interferes with the 1abor process,the amount of postpartum hemorrhage and the lower limb activity,thus they have no significant effect on the safety of the maternal and the infant.

Objective To observe the effect of Triclosan( TCS) exposure on Caenorhabditis elegans( c. ele-gans) F1 generation of locomotory behavior, brood size, and generation time. Methods The trial included a control group and 4 TCS treatment groups with different doses (100 nmol/L,1 μmol/L,10μmol/L,20μmol/L),the exposure time being 24 hours,the effect of c. elegans′head thrashes,body bending frequency,the brood size and generation time was observed. Results (1) The control group exposed to 100 nmol/L,1 μmol/L,10 μmol/L,20 μmol/L TCS,their head thrash frequency of c. elegans F1 was(109. 40±8. 61) times/min,(84. 70±7. 82) times/min,(76. 35±7. 44) times/min,(74. 74±5. 93)times/min,(71. 95±4. 19)times/min,respectively,the head thrash ability of c. elegans was significantly inhibited(F=62. 245,P<0. 01). (2) When the control group was exposed to 100 nmol/L,1 μmol/L,10μmol/L,20 μmol/LTCS,the frequency of c.elegans F1 body bent was (19.94±2.46)times/20 s,(15.13±1.99) times/20 s,(14.63±2.31)times/20 s,(14.69±1.96)times/20 s,(12.00±1.86)times/20 s,respectively,and the comparative differences between groups were statistically significant(F=25. 636,P<0. 01). (3) When the control group was exposed to 0,100 nmol/L,1 μmol/L,10 μmol/L,20 μmol/L TCS,the body sizes of the c. elegans F1 generation was (286.83±6.01)articles,(273.33±6.41)articles,(214.17±7.25)articles,(173.67±9.20)articles, (118. 50 ± 6. 98 ) articles, respectively, the brood size of the C. elegans F1 generation exposed to 100 nmol/L, 1μmol/L,10 μmol/L,20 μmol/L TCS levels,were reduced by 4. 71%,25. 60%,39. 45%,58. 67%,the ge-neration time of the c. elegans′F1 generation was shortened by 2. 14%-5. 38% in the TCS treatment groups compared with the control group(F=27. 520,P<0. 01). Conclusions After c. elegans exposure to TCS,locomotory behavior can be severe-ly affected,reproductive damage causes a decline in the number of brood size,and the speeding-up of the breeding rate is related to the concentration of TCS concentration-response.

Objective To evaluate the short-and long-term outcomes of laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy (LAG) for gastric cancer.Methods After studying the patients' demographic data,extent of gastrectomy and lymphadenectomy,as well as differentiation and tumor TNM stage,85 patients who underwent LAG were individually matched to 85 patients who underwent open surgery (OG) between October 2004 and March 2008.The operative time,intraoperative blood loss,postoperative recovery,complications,pathological findings,and follow-up data were compared between the two groups.Results The mean operative time was significantly longer in the LAG group than in the OG group (277 ± 62) min vs.(211 ±46) min,t =7.882,P ＜0.05,whereas intraoperative blood loss was significantly lower (161 ±90) ml vs.(267 ± 141) ml,t =-5.854,P ＜0.05.In addition,there was a significant reduction in the time to first flatus and postoperative hospital stay (3.7 ± 1.3) days vs.(4.2 ± 1.1) days and (10 ± 3) days vs.(12 ± 6) days,respectively t =-2.318,-2.325,P ＜ 0.05.There was no significant difference between the LAG group and OG group with regard to the number of harvested lymph nodes and overall postoperative complications.The 5-year disease-free survival rates and overall survival rates were 76％,78％,respectively,in LAG group and 75％,73％,respectively in OG group (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions LAG is suitable and minimally invasive for treating gastric cancer.Compared to OG,the LAG will not increase the risk of recurrence and mortality after surgery.

Objective To conduct the epidemiological investigation and analysis of cerebral palsy in Xinxiang of Henan Province and to investigate its risk factors in order to provid a basis for further study of etiology and prevention of cerebral palsy information.Methods Cluster sampling survey was carried out among children aged 1-6 years in XinXiang,Henan Province,and the data were analyzed by using SPSS 13.0 statistical analysis software.Results The morbidity of infantile cerebral palsy in Xinxiang of Henan Province was 2.82‰.The prevalence distribution in all age groups was 2.46 ‰-3.11‰(x2 =0.374,P =0.996),and the prevalence rate in male and female was significantly different(x2 =0.139,P =0.709) ; the sex ratio was 1.09 ∶ 1.00.Prevalence rate was slightly lower in urban areas than in rural areas (x2 =0.526,P =0.769).But no significant differences were observed in all of the data above.The incidence of cerebral palsy of children whose mothers did not established perinatal care manual and guidance during pregnancy was 5.86 times of the children whose mothers established perinatal care manual and guidance (x2 =116.806,P =0.000) ;the incidence of cerebral palsy in children whose mothers did not receive regular prenatal care during pregnancy was 5.37 times of the children whose mothers receive regular prenatal care during pregnancy (x2 =43.904,P =0.000);the incidence of cerebral palsy in children who had no neonatal follow-up after birth was 8.55times of the children with neonatal follow-up after birth (x2 =68.987,P =0.000).The incidence of cerebral palsy in children whose developmental disorders were not timely diagnosed and treated medically was 5.39 times the children whose developmental disorders were timely diagnosed and treated (x2 =56.003,P =0.000).The significant differences were observed in all of the data above.In the classification of cerebral palsy,the spastic type was the most (42.1％) ;followed by the dyskinetic (24.6％) ; the mixed (18.8％) ; and the ataxia(14.5％).Conclusions The survey results can reflect current prevalence of infantile cerebral palsy in children aged 1-6 years in XinXiang,and can be served as a basis for further prevention and treatment of cerebral palsy information.

Objective To investigate the effect of high mobility group box‐1(HMGB1) on the migration of vascular smooth cells (VSMCs) and the role of TLR4‐dependent PI3K/Akt pathway in the process .Methods Primary VSMCs were isolated from the thoracic aorta of male SD rats and cultured in vitro .Control group ,TLR4 siRNA transfected group ,control siRNA transfected group and PI3k inhibitor (LY294002) intervention group were stimulated by HMGB1 (0 .1-1 000 .0 ng/mL) .Expression of TLR4 mRNA was detected by RT‐PCR ,protein expression of TLR4 ,Akt ,pAkt ,PI3K were detected by Western blot .Activity of the im‐munoprecipitated PI3K enzyme was assessed in a competitive ELISA .The migration and cell viability of every groups were ob‐served .Results HMGB1 (0 .1 -1 000 .0 ng/mL) stimulated VSMCs migration in a dose‐dependent manner and incubation of VSMCs with 100 ng/mL caused a rapid migration (P< 0 .05) .At the concentrations used ,HMGB1 did not cause any cytotoxic effects (P<0 .05) .Migration of VSMCs toward HMGB1 was significantly inhibited by silencing of TLR4 (P<0 .05) .Pretreated cells with TLR4 siRNA or the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 could markedly block PI3K/Akt pathway activation and VSMCs migration mediated by HMGB1 (both P<0 .05) .Conclusion HMGB1 stimulated VSMCs migration in a dose‐dependent manner and TLR4‐dependent PI3K/Akt signaling pathway played an important role in the migration of VSMCs mediated by HMGB1 .This research indicates that TLR4‐dependent TLR4/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway could be the target in the treatment of obstructive cardiovascu‐lar disease .

Occupational therapy can not only promote the development of motor and cognitive functions in children with developmental or other disabilities, but also improve their self-care ability, learning ability, participation skills and other activities.In 2019, the Aust Occup Ther J published a systematic review on the effects of occupational therapy interventions on disabled children, aiming to summarize the best evidence of occupational therapy and help occupational therapists and families to choose the effective treatment regimens.In this article, the systematic review was interpreted in light of the current status of domestic child occupational therapy, so as to allow clinicians to compare the pros and cons of different treatment methods and improve the efficacy.