The application of biological technology and the deepening of tumor research have effectively improved the level of tumor diagnosis, treatment and clinical outcome prediction. However, the specific mechanisms of tumorigenesis and development are still unclear, and tumor drug resistance has also become an urgent problem that needs to be solved to improve the clinical outcome of patients. Considerable studies have shown that the extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) can promote tumorigenesis, development and drug resistance. EcDNA is a looser, rounded form of DNA with unique genetic properties that carry specific genes and regulatory elements. This paper will discuss the biological characteristics, tumor-promoting mechanisms and drug resistance-facilitating of ecDNA.

Purpose:The experimental study on the changes of HPV18 E6 gene,p53 mRNA and telomerase catalytic subunit (hTERT) mRNA in the process of HeLa cell apoptosis was carried out to supply a new way to diagnosing and treating cervical cancer. Methods:The apoptosis of HeLa cell was confirmed by means of electron microscope and flow cytometry. With PCR and RT PCR, we studied the changes and relations among HPV18 E6 DNA,p53 mRNA as well as hTERT mRNA in the process of HeLa cell apoptosis. Results:HPV18 E6 DNA and p53 mRNA had no changes but hTERT mRNA activation was inhibited by elemene emulsion. Conclusions:During apoptosis of HeLa cells induced by elemene emulsion, hTERT mRNA activation could apparently be inhibited. Hence, inhibition of telomerase activation may represent a new chemosensitisation for tumors resistant to anticancer drugs.

AIM To investigate the effects of Shuxuening Injection (Ginkgo biloba extract) combined with ganglioside on cerebral oxygen utilization coefficient (O2UCc) and lactate clearance rate (LCR) in patients with acute severe carbon monoxide poisoning (ASCOP).METHODS Two hundred and sixty-two patients with ASCOP treated in emergency department of Harrison International Peace Hospital Affiliated to Hebei Medical University from Mar 2011 to Mar 2016 were randomly divided into control group,Shuxuening Injection group,ganglioside group and Shuxuening Injection combined with ganglioside (combined medication) group.The changes were detected in oxygen saturations of carotid blood and jugular blood,arterial blood lactic acid,O2UCc and LCR in all patients before and 6,24 hours,3 days after the treatment.The clinical symptoms,and the mortality and morbidity of delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning after two weeks were observed.RESULTS Total effective rate of the combined medication group was higher than that of the other groups.O2 Ucc at 6,24 hours after the treatment in the combined medication group were significantly lower than those in the other groups,so did the mortality and morbidity of delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning,but LCR was significantly higher than that in the other groups.All the differences had statistical significances.CONCLUSION The efficacy of combined medication of Shuxuening Injection and ganglioside in ASCOP patients is better than that of applying single administration separately.

This study examined the dynamic characteristics of upper airway collapse at soft palate level in patients with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) by using dynamic 3-Dimensional (3-D) CT imaging. A total of 41 male patients who presented with 2 of the following symptoms, i.e., daytime sleepiness and fatigue, frequent snoring, and apnea with witness, were diagnosed as having OSAHS. They underwent full-night polysomnography and then dynamic 3-D CT imaging of the upper airway during quiet breathing and in Muller's maneuver. The soft palate length (SPL), the minimal cross-sectional area of the retropalatal region (mXSA-RP), and the vertical distance from the hard palate to the upper posterior part of the hyoid (hhL) were compared between the two breathing states. These parameters, together with hard palate length (HPL), were also compared between mild/moderate and severe OSAHS groups. Association of these parameters with the severity of OSAHS [as reflected by apnea hypopnea index (AHI) and the lowest saturation of blood oxygen (LSaO(2))] was examined. The results showed that 31 patients had severe OSAHS, and 10 mild/moderate OSAHS. All the patients had airway obstruction at soft palate level. mXSA-RP was significantly decreased and SPL remarkably increased during Muller's maneuver as compared with the quiet breathing state. There were no significant differences in these airway parameters (except the position of the hyoid bone) between severe and mild/moderate OSAHS groups. And no significant correlation between these airway parameters and the severity of OSAHS was found. The position of hyoid was lower in the severe OSAHS group than in the mild/moderate OSAHS group. The patients in group with body mass index (BMI)≥26 had higher collapse ratio of mXSA-RP, greater neck circumference and smaller mXSA-RP in the Muller's maneuver than those in group with BMI<26 (P<0.05 for all). It was concluded that dynamic 3-D CT imaging could dynamically show the upper airway changes at soft palate level in OSAHS patients. All the OSAHS patients had airway obstruction of various degrees at soft palate level. But no correlation was observed between the airway change at soft palate level and the severity of OSAHS. The patients in group with BMI≥26 were more likely to develop airway obstruction at soft palate level than those with BMI<26.

Objective To observe the effects of Chinese medicinal herbs with the efficacy of invigorating spleen, upbearing the clear, and tonifying spleen on the obesity degree, fat hormones, and insulin resistance in diet-induced obesity (DIO) rats;To choose better anti-obesity herbs from different Chinese medicinal herbs that can tonify spleen. Methods Among the 130 Wistar rats, 10 were chosen as the blank control group (fed with basal forage), and the remaining 120 were administered with high-fat high-nutrition forage for 13 weeks. According to weight, 50 DIO rats and 10 diet-induced obesity resistance (DIO-R) rats were obtained. DIO rats were divided into model group (normal saline), sibutramine group, invigorating spleen group (Atractylodix Rhizome and Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex), upbearing the clear group (Bupleuri Radix and Aurantii Fructus Immaturus) and medicine for tonifying qi and spleen group (Astragali Radix). All groups received gavage with corresponding drugs. Rats in the blank control group and the DIO-R group received gavage with normal saline. The basal forage was administered to rats in the blank control group, while high-fat forage was continually given to rats in the other six groups. Insulin resistance index (IRI), blood glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and adiponectin were detected after blood withdrawing. TNF-α and adiponectin in the fat homogenate were examined. Results Compared with the blank control group, body weight, IRI, and cholesterol of rats in the model group significantly increased (P<0.01);adiponectin in homogenate reduced (P<0.01);serum and adipose homogenate TNF-α increased (P<0.01). Compared with model group, body weight, IRI, cholesterol of rats in DIO-R group significantly decreased (P<0.01);adiponectin in fat homogenate increased (P<0.01). Body weight and cholesterol of rats in the sibutramine group significantly decreased (P<0.01), while serum and adipose homogenates TNF-αdecreased (P<0.05, P<0.01). Body weight, IRI and cholesterol of rats in upbearing the clear group decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01);serum and adipose homogenate TNF-α decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01);adiponectin increased in fat homogenate (P<0.05). IRI, cholesterol and serum TNF-αof rats in the invigorating spleen group decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01);adiponectin in serum and adipose homogenate increased (P<0.05). BMI, blood glucose, IRI and cholesterol of rats in Astragali Radix group decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01);TNF-α decreased and adiponectin increased in serum and adipose homogenate (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion Astragali Radix could reduce obesity induced by high-fat forage, and its effects on improving glucose and lipid metabolism disorder and IR are better than the other TCM groups. Its mechanism is related to decreasing TNF-α and increasing adiponectin level.

PAK1 plays an important role in the development of tumors. It is of great significance to screen and develop new PAK1 inhibitors as targeted drugs for cancer treatment. The traditional PAK1 inhibitor screening method has the problems of high cost and low efficiency. Computer virtual screening can reduce the cost of finding active lead compounds and improve the screening efficiency. In this study, a kind of PAK1 candidate compound was screened by computer assisted virtual screening combined with Z′lyteTM high flux kinase screen. In vitro enzyme activity screening showed that compound 18(K788)had good PAK1 inhibitory activity(inhibition rate was 42. 7%). Furtherly by MTT detection, it was found that K788 had significant PAK1 positive tumor killing activity, which was even better than the positive drug IPA-3. Flow cytometry and Western Blot showed that K788 could activate caspase apoptosis pathway and induce apoptosis of colon cancer cell DLD-1 by inhibiting PAK1 expression and activation. K788 has great potential for clinical development and application, and can be used as a PAK1 target for further research.

Glioma is one of the most common and invasive malignant tumors in the central nervous system. The Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathway is a classical Wnt pathway, which is involved in the occurrence and development of glioma and other tumors. Long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) is a functional RNA molecule without protein coding function, which plays a regulatory role in the occurrence and development of various tumors. Recent studies have shown that LncRNA and Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathways are jointly involved in glioma growth, invasion, migration and other processes, but the complex mechanism has not been thoroughly elaborated. In this paper, the influence of Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathway and its related LncRNA on glioma was reviewed, and the pathogenesis of glioma was deeply understood, so as to find a better way for the diagnosis and treatment of glioma.

Objective: To under the prevalence of malnutrition and its associated factors in school aged children with cerebral palsy, so as to provide a basis for relevant departments to formulate targeted policies. Methods: From July to August 2023, the researchers selected 333 children with cerebral palsy and 960 children with other diseases aged 6-18 years who were residents of a social welfare institution in Guangzhou, China. Their height and weight were measured and a nutritional status analysis was carried out using a cluster sampling method. Multivariate Logistic analysis was performed to analyze the relative factors and malnutrition status of school aged children with cerebral palsy. Results: The prevalence of growth retardation among school aged children with cerebral palsy was 74.5%, with rates of stunting, normal nutrition status, and overweight/obesity being 17.7%, 7.2%, and 0.6%, respectively. The results of the univariate analysis revealed statistically significant differences in the detection rate of malnutrition among school aged children with cerebral palsy based on gender, gross motor function classification system (GMFCS) grading, and the presence of swallowing disorders ( χ 2=6.02, 15.23, 32.16, P <0.05). The results of the multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that gender ( OR=0.37, 95%CI =0.15-0.91), dysphagia (OR=4.10, 95%CI =1.39-12.12), and GMFCS classification ( OR=1.45, 95%CI =1.04-3.01) were influencing factors of malnutrition ( P <0.05). Conclusions The detection rate of malnutrition among children and adolescents with cerebral palsy in welfare institutions was found to be relatively high, and influenced by various factors. Corresponding nutritional interventions should be developed and implemented based on the risk factors of malnutrition in school aged children with cerebral palsy to improve their nutritional status.

Objective To explore the causal relationship between Omega-3 fatty acids and the risk of breast cancer via Mendelian randomization analysis.Methods Analysis was conducted on data from genome-wide association studies(GWASs)on Omega-3 fatty acids and breast cancer.The selected instrumental variables(IVs)comprised genetic loci associated with Omega-3 fatty acids.Various Mendelian randomization analysis methods,including inverse-variance weighted(IVW)method,MR-Egger regression analysis,weighted median,simple models,and weighted models,were used to evaluate the causal relationship between Omega-3 fatty acids and the risk of breast cancer.Results A total of 47 single-nucleotide polymorphisms strongly associated with Omega-3 fatty acids were selected as IVs.The analysis methods,including IVW method,revealed no causal relationship between Omega-3 fatty acids and the risk of breast cancer(P>0.05).Analysis methods,such as MR-Egger regression analysis,did not detect significant gene-level pleiotropy(P=0.319),which indicates the high sensitivity and robustness of analysis results.Conclusion The findings of this study suggest the absence of a causal relationship between Omega-3 fatty acids and the risk of breast cancer.

Scar is a common complication in wound healing process, and how to effectively prevent and treat it is a hot and difficult problem in burns and plastic surgery field. Botulinum toxin type A is a neurotoxin that has been widely and effectively used in the cosmetic surgery field such as anti-wrinkle and thin face. In recent years, botulinum toxin type A has been applied in prevention and treatment of scar, which causes a great concern. Nowadays, the relevant reports have gradually increased, and the mechanisms have been explored more deeply. This article aims to summarize the possible mechanisms and clinical reports on the prevention and treatment of scar by botulinum toxin type A to provide a new way for the prevention and treatment of scar after surgery.