As a new type of model organism， zebrafish is gradually gaining prominence in the field of scientific research. The unique biological characteristics and advantages of zebrafish make them play an increasingly important role in the quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine. Compared with other common experimental animals， zebrafish have a fast reproductive and growth speed and high embryo transparency， making them an ideal model for evaluating the quality of traditional Chinese medicine. This provides a new perspective and method for research on traditional Chinese medicine. With the growing global interest in traditional Chinese medicine， it has become crucial to find scientific and accurate methods to evaluate the quality and effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine. The introduction of the zebrafish model has brought new breakthroughs in the quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine. To further promote the application of zebrafish in evaluating the quality of traditional Chinese medicine， this article systematically searched and sorted out the previous studies related to the application of zebrafish for this purpose since 2023. The commonly used disease models and indicators of zebrafish in evaluating the effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine， as well as the mechanism of zebrafish in exploring the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine， were primarily reviewed. The application of zebrafish in evaluating the safety of traditional Chinese medicine and the typical examples in ensuring the quality of traditional Chinese medicine were demonstrated. The limitations encountered by zebrafish models in evaluating the quality of traditional Chinese medicine were highlighted. The resolution of these problems will help further improve the accuracy and reliability of zebrafish in evaluating the quality of traditional Chinese medicine. The article discussed the evaluation of effectiveness， safety， and quality control of zebrafish applied in traditional Chinese medicine， so as to provide a reference for establishing standards for traditional Chinese medicine and promoting its modernization in the future.

ObjectiveBased on the zebrafish model， the hepatotoxicity and anti-osteoporotic activity of evodiamine （EVO） were studied. The mechanism of EVO in treating osteoporosis was explored by using network pharmacology and real-time polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR）. MethodsThree days after fertilization （3 dpf）， zebrafish were randomly selected and exposed to different concentrations of EVO solution for 96 hours. The mortality rate of zebrafish at different concentrations was calculated at the exposure endpoint， and a "dose-toxicity" curve was drawn. The 10% lethal concentration （LC₁₀） was calculated. Liver phenotype， acridine orange staining， and pathological tissue sections of liver-transgenic zebrafish ［CZ16 （gz15Tg.Tg （fabp 10a： ds Red； ela31： EGFP））］ were used to confirm hepatotoxicity of EVO. On this basis， prednisolone was used to create a model of osteoporosis in zebrafish. The skull development， area of the skull stained by alizarin red， and cumulative optical density were used as indicators to evaluate the anti-osteoporotic activity of EVO in a safe dose. Based on network pharmacology， the mechanism of action of EVO in the treatment of osteoporosis was predicted and verified through Real-time PCR. ResultsThe LC₁₀ of EVO on zebrafish （7 dpf） was determined to be 0.4 mg·L^-1. Compared with the control group， sublethal concentrations （10=0.36 mg·L^-1 and 1/2LC₁₀=0.18 mg·L^-1） significantly decreased the fluorescence area of zebrafish liver （P<0.05，P<0.01） and increased the number of liver cell apoptosis. The arrangement of liver tissue was disordered and loose， and the vacuole was obvious， especially in the 0.36 mg·L^-1 group. Compared with the control group， under safe dose conditions， 0.08 and 0.02 mg·L^-1 of EVO had no significant effect on the liver. Prednisolone administration significantly reduced the mineralization area and cumulative optical density of zebrafish skulls （P<0.01） compared with the control group. The mineralization area and cumulative optical density of zebrafish skulls in the 0.08 and 0.02 mg·L^-1 groups of EVO were significantly increased compared with the model group （P<0.01）. Network pharmacology prediction suggested that EVO may regulate key targets such as avian sarcoma viral oncogene homolog （SRC）， signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3）， interleukin-8 （CXCL8） and tyrosine kinase receptor 2 （ERBB2） to regulate signaling pathways related to lipid and atherosclerosis in diabetic complications， as well as the regulation of inflammatory mediators of tryptophan （TRP） channels. Real-time PCR experiment results indicated that EVO could regulate the above-mentioned targets， as well as genes related to osteoblasts and osteoclasts. ConclusionExcessive doses of EVO can lead to hepatotoxicity in zebrafish. Under safe dosage conditions， EVO can regulate relevant targets to exert anti-osteoporotic activity， providing a reference for the clinical safe use of EVO and ideas for the development of new drugs for osteoporosis.

AIM: To assess the consistency of the new anterior segment analyzer, MS-39, the Sirius and Pentacam in measuring corneal white-to-white(WTW)and central anterior chamber depth(ACD), and to compare their differences in guiding implantable collamer lens(ICL)size selection.METHODS: Retrospective case study. A total of 210 consecutive patients(420 eyes)who treated at the Ophthalmology Refractive Surgery Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University between September 2019 and September 2020 were enrolled. Three anterior segment analysis systems, MS-39, Sirius, and Pentacam, were utilized to assess the WTW and ACD, with comparative analysis of the results. The sizing of the ICL V4c was simulated using the method recommended by the STAAR company. Data correlation and consistency were evaluated.RESULTS: The WTW measurement results obtained from MS-39, Sirius, and Pentacam were 11.39±0.35, 11.42±0.36, and 11.46±0.35 mm, respectively. Notably, the WTW measurement value from MS-39 was significantly lower than that from Pentacam(P=0.002), while no statistically significant differences were observed between MS-39 and Sirius, or between Sirius and Pentacam(all P>0.05). The WTW measurements from the three devices exhibited a strong positive correlation, with correlation coefficients(r)of 0.942 between MS-39 and Sirius, 0.925 between MS-39 and Pentacam, and 0.882 between Sirius and Pentacam(all P<0.0001). The ACD measurements values from the MS-39, Sirius and Pentacam were 3.28±0.22, 3.28±0.24, and 3.21±0.23 mm, respectively. While, no statistically significant difference was found between MS-39 and Sirius(P>0.05), both measurements were significantly higher than that of Pentacam(both P<0.0001). The ACD measurements also demonstrated a strong positive correlation, with r values of 0.959 between MS-39 and Sirius, 0.947 between MS-39 and Pentacam, and 0.932 between Sirius and Pentacam(all P<0.0001). In terms of ICL size selection based on the measurements from the three devices, the 12.6 mm size was the most frequently selected, while the 13.7 mm size was the least common, the distribution of size selections across the devices was similar.CONCLUSION: MS-39 demonstrated strong positive correlation with both Sirius and Pentacam for WTW and ACD measurements, indicating that the results can be considered clinically interchangeable. Furthermore, the outcomes derived from MS-39 for ICL size selection were closely aligned with those from Sirius and Pentacam, suggesting its clinical feasibility.

COMPERA 2.0 risk stratification has been demonstrated to be useful in patients with precapillary pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, its suitability for patients at risk for post-capillary PH or PH associated with left heart disease (PH-LHD) is unclear. To investigate the use of COMPERA 2.0 in patients with severe aortic stenosis (SAS) undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), who are at risk for post-capillary PH, a total of 327 eligible SAS patients undergoing TAVR at our institution between September 2015 and November 2020 were included in the study. Patients were classified into four strata before and after TAVR using the COMPERA 2.0 risk score. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier curves, log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazards regression model. The study cohort had a median (interquartile range) age of 76 (70‒80) years and a pulmonary arterial systolic pressure of 33 (27‒43) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) before TAVR. The overall mortality was 11.9% during 26 (15‒47) months of follow-up. Before TAVR, cumulative mortality was higher with an increase in the risk stratum level (log-rank, both P<0.001); each increase in the risk stratum level resulted in an increased risk of death (hazard ratio (HR) 2.53, 95% confidential interval (CI) 1.54‒4.18, P<0.001), which was independent of age, sex, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), hemoglobin, albumin, and valve type (HR 1.76, 95% CI 1.01‒3.07, P=0.047). Similar results were observed at 30 d after TAVR. COMPERA 2.0 can serve as a useful tool for risk stratification in patients with SAS undergoing TAVR, indicating its potential application in the management of PH-LHD. Further validation is needed in patients with confirmed post-capillary PH by right heart catheterization.
Humans ; Aortic Valve Stenosis/complications* ; Aged ; Hypertension, Pulmonary/mortality* ; Male ; Female ; Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement ; Aged, 80 and over ; Risk Assessment/methods* ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVES: To conduct a comprehensive analysis of the global burden of diarrheal diseases in children under 5 years. METHODS: The data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 were analyzed to assess the incidence, mortality rates and average annual percentage changes (AAPC) of diarrhea among children under 5 years across nations(regions) and GBD regions from 1990 to 2021 using joinpoint regression. Smoothed curve regression was employed to explore the correlation of diarrheal disease burden with the Social Development Index (SDI) and for analyzing the burden of specific diarrheal pathogens. The Slope and Concentration Indices quantified disparities across SDI levels and the future trend were projected by the Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort (BAPC) model. RESULTS: From 1990 to 2021, the global incidence (AAPC: -3.65) and mortality (AAPC: -5.15) rates of diarrheal diseases declined steadily in children below 5 years. In 2021, neonates (<28 days) were the most affected, with an incidence rate of 138 058.74 per 100 000 and a mortality rate of 251.14 per 100 000. Rotavirus was the leading cause of death. The incidence rate of diarrheal diseases was negatively correlated with SDI, and the Concentration Index decreased from -0.293 in 1990 to -0.314 in 2021 without a significant gender difference. The BAPC model suggested that the global incidence rate of diarrheal diseases tends to decrease progressively from 2022 to 2050, with a predicted rate of 23 448.04 per 100 000 for male and 29 932.59 per 100 000 for female by 2050. CONCLUSIONS Despite the reduction in the global burden of diarrhea and the projection of its further decline, diarrheal diseases disproportionately affect neonates and low-SDI regions. While rotavirus remains the primary etiological agent worldwide, the predominant pathogens vary by nations (regions) and GBD regions, and strengthened interventions targeting vulnerable populations are needed.
Humans ; Child, Preschool ; Diarrhea/mortality* ; Infant ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Global Burden of Disease/trends* ; Global Health ; Male ; Bayes Theorem ; Female

Objective To explore the effect of miR-1-3p on the malignant biological behavior of human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells and the potential mechanisms.Methods The Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database was analyzed to screen differentially expressed miRNAs in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC).qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of miR-1-3p in human ESCC cell lines(KYSE30,KYSE150,KYSE410,KYSE510,and Eca109)and normal esophageal epithelial cell line HET-1A.CCK-8,wound healing,Transwell assays,and flow cytometry were applied to detect the effect of miR-1-3p on the proliferation,migration,invasion,and apoptosis of ESCC cells.Bioinformatics tool was used to predict the target genes of miR-1-3p.A Kaplan-Meier survival curve was drawn to analyze the correlation between STC2 expression and overall survival of patients in the ESCC cohort of the TCGA database.Fluorescence in situ hybridization was performed to verify the subcellular location of miR-1-3p in ESCC cells,and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was performed to validate the regulation of miR-1-3p on stanniocalcin 2(STC2).RNA immunoprecipitation assays were used to detect the binding of miR-1-3p and STC2.Western blot assay was performed to determine the effect of miR-1-3p on the expression of STC2 and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway-related proteins,including p-PERK,p-eIF2α,and ATF4.CCK-8,wound healing,Transwell assays,and flow cytometry were applied to detect the effect of STC2 overexpression and knockdown on the proliferation,migration,invasion,and apoptosis of ESCC cells.Results The expression of miR-1-3p was lower in ESCC cell lines than in HET-1A cells(all P<0.05).The transfection of miR-1-3p mimic decreased the proliferation,invasion,and migration of ESCC cells(all P<0.05)and promoted the apoptosis of ESCC cells(all P<0.001).Bioinformatics tool showed that STC2 was a target gene of miR-1-3p.The expression of STC2 in ESCC tissues was higher than that in normal esophageal epithelial tissues in the ESCC cohort of TCGA database and was negatively correlated with prognosis(all P<0.05).miR-1-3p was located in the cytoplasm and can directly bind to STC2 mRNA.The transfection of miR-1-3p mimic downregulated the expression of STC2,p-PERK,p-eIF2α,and ATF4(all P<0.05).The overexpression of STC2 promoted the proliferation,invasion,and migration(all P<0.05)and inhibited the apoptosis of ESCC cells(all P<0.05).Knockdown of STC2 inhibited the proliferation,invasion,and migration(all P<0.05)and promoted the apoptosis of ESCC cells(all P<0.05).Conclusion miR-1-3p inhibits the malignant biological behavior and promotes the apoptosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells by regulating STC2 possibly by suppressing the endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Objective:To investigate dietary patterns of individuals aged ≥50 in Shanghai and analyze their association with frailty.Methods:Using data from the third wave of the Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health in Shanghai conducted between 2018 and 2019. We collected the frequency and average intake of food by the food frequency questionnaire. Factor analysis was used to extract dietary patterns, and a frailty index was constructed using the ratio of the cumulative total score of health deficits to 35 health-related variables considered. We used an ordinal multinomial logistic regression model to analyze the association between dietary patterns and frailty.Results:A total of 3 274 participants aged (67.9±9.2) years were included in the study, including 1 971 (60.2%) men and 1 303 (39.8%) women. We extracted four dietary patterns: high-protein-nuts pattern, potato-bean-vegetable-fruit pattern, poultry-meat pattern, and high-oil-salt pattern. After adjusting for confounding factors, the logistic regression analysis showed that compared with the high-oil-salt pattern, the high-protein-nuts pattern was negatively associated with the risk of higher frailty ( OR=0.743, 95% CI: 0.580-0.951). We did not find an association between dietary patterns and frailty between the different gender groups. In the age group 50-64, the high-protein-nuts and potato-bean-vegetable-fruit patterns were negatively correlated with a higher degree of frailty than the high-oil-salt pattern. In the low-level physical activity group, the high-protein-nuts pattern was negatively correlated with a higher degree of frailty than the high-oil-salt pattern ( OR=0.509, 95% CI: 0.361-0.720). However, we found no significant effect of the high-protein nuts pattern, potato-bean-vegetable-fruit pattern, and poultry-meat pattern on the risk of higher frailty compared to the high-oil-salt pattern in the moderate to high level of physical activity group. Conclusions:Compared to the high-oil-salt pattern, dietary patterns with a higher intake of high-protein nuts, potatoes, legumes, and fruits and vegetables might be associated with a lower risk of higher frailty in residents aged 50-64 years of age than with a high oil and salt pattern. At the same time, it may have a more significant protective effect in people with lower physical activity levels. It is suggested that a diet rich in high-protein foods, nuts, potatoes, beans, vegetables, and fruits may help reduce and delay the risk of frailty.

Objective:To understand the association between vitamin D level and grip strength in people aged ≥50 years in Shanghai.Methods:Data were obtained from the WHO's Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health in Shanghai during 2018-2019. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between vitamin D level and grip strength, and a stratified analysis was conducted for different gender, age and dairy product intake groups. Restricted cubic spline was used to evaluate the dose-response association between vitamin D level and low grip strength.Results:A total of 4 391 participants were included in the study, including 2 054 men (46.8%), with an average age of (67.02±8.81) years. And 1 421 individuals (32.4%) had low grip strength; 1 533 individuals (34.9%) had vitamin D deficiency, and 401 individuals (9.1%) had vitamin D deficiency. After adjusted for confounding factors, the logistic regression results analysis showed that individuals with vitamin D deficiency had a higher risk for low grip strength ( OR=1.41, 95% CI: 1.09-1.83). In men, after adjusting for confounding factors, vitamin D deficiency was positively associated with the risk for low grip strength ( OR=1.67, 95% CI: 1.12-2.50), but there was no significant association between vitamin D level and grip strength in women ( OR=1.30, 95% CI: 0.97-1.74). In age group 60-69 years and ≥80 years, there was significant association between vitamin D deficiency and low grip strength after adjusting for confounding factors ( OR=1.57, 95% CI: 1.05-2.35; OR=2.40, 95% CI: 1.08-5.31). In people who had daily intake of dairy product <250 ml, there was positive association between vitamin D deficiency and low grip strength, but there was no significant association in people who had daily dairy product ≥250 ml after adjusting for confounding factors. The restrictive cubic spline demonstrated that risk of low grip strength might decreased with the increase of vitamin D levels, however, the difference was not significant ( P>0.05). Conclusions:This study demonstrated that there is association between vitamin D level and grip strength. People with vitamin D deficiency have higher risk for low grip strength.

Objectives:To investigate the application value of laparoscopic double stapler firings and double stapling technique combined with rectal eversion and total extra-abdominal resection (LDER) in the anal preservation treatment of low rectal cancer.Methods:Inclusion criteria: (1) age was 18-70; (2) the distance of the lower tumor edge from the anal verge was 4-5 cm; (3) primary tumor with a diameter ≤3 cm; (4) preoperative staging of T1~2N1~2M0; (5) "difficult pelvis", defined as ischial tuberosity diameter<10 cm or body mass index>25 kg/m 2; (6) patients with strong intention for sphincter preservation; (7) no preoperative treatment (e.g., chemotherapy, radiotherapy, molecular targeted therapy, or immunotherapy); (8) no lateral lymph node enlargement; (9) no previous anorectal surgery; (10) patients with good basic condition who could tolerate surgery. Exclusion criteria: (1) previously suffered from malignant tumors of the digestive tract or currently suffering from malignant tumors out of the digestive tract; (2) patients with preoperative anal dysfunction (Wexner score ≥ 10), or fecal incontinence. The specific surgical steps are as follows: the distal end of the rectum was dissected to the level of the interspace between internal and external sphincters of anal canal. Five centimeters proximal to the tumor, the mesorectum was ligated, and a liner stapler was used to transect the rectum. The distal rectum with the tumor were then everted and extracted through the anus. The rectum was transected 0.5-1.0 cm distal to the tumor with a linear stapler. Full thickness suture was used to reinforce the stump of the rectum, which was then brought back into the pelvic cavity. Finally, an end-to-end anastomosis between the colon and the rectum was performed. A retrospective descriptive study was performed of the clinical and pathological data of 12 patients with T1-T2 stage low rectal cancer treated with LDER at Henan Provincial People's Hospital from January 2020 to December 2022. Results:All 12 patients successfully completed LDER with sphincter preservation, without conversion to open surgery or changes in surgical approach. The median surgical time was 272 (155-320) minutes, with a median bleeding volume of 100 (50-200) mL. No protective stoma was performed, and all patients received R0 resection. The average hospital stay was 9 (7-15) days. There were no postoperative anastomotic leakage or perioperative deaths. All 12 patients received postoperative follow-up, with a median follow-up of 12 months (6-36 months) and a Wexner score of 8 (5-14) at 6 months postoperatively. There was no tumor recurrence or metastasis during the follow-up period.Conclusions:LDER is safe and effective for the treatment of low rectal cancer.

Objective:The aim of this study was to explore whether hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) combined with hyaluronidase (HAase) can enhance the therapeutic effect of arterial embolism caused by hyaluronic acid (HA) .Methods:Thirty-two white male rabbits were randomly divided into four groups, with 8 rabbits in each group, of which group A, B and C were experimental groups and group D was group control. An axial rectangular composite tissue flap sized 2.0 cm × 5.0 cm, with 1.0 cm pedicle width, and 4.0 cm from the root, was designed with the central auricular artery as the long axis on the dorsal side of the ear. The depth of incision reached the ventral perichondrium of the ear, and the flap was sutured continuously in situ and divided into three equal parts (area Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ) from the proximal area to the distal area. The proximal end 1 cm to the flap and the central artery was the intersection point, into which 50 μl HA was injected, by which the model of HA arterial embolism was established. Each group was treated after 60 min. Group A: 20 ml solution HSYA was injected slowly into the thigh saphenous vein (the dosage of HSYA is calculated at 10 mg/kg) . Group B: 0.5 ml solution HAase was injected into the central auricular artery (400 U/ml) . Group C: 0.5 ml solution HAase with the same dosage of group B was injected into the central auricular artery and 20 ml solution HSYA with the same dosage of group A was injected slowly into the thigh saphenous vein. Group D and other parts of group A and B were injected with the same dosage of normal saline (NS) . The thigh saphenous veins of all groups were injected with the same dosage of solution once a day for 14 days. Flaps were observed immediately, 1, 7 and 14 days after establishment of hyaluronic acid arterial embolism models of tissue flaps, and dorsal and backlight auricular photographs were taken. On the postoperative 14th day, percentages of survival areas of the flaps were calculated, and samples were taken from areas II of tissue flaps, which were stained by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Masson, and were detected the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) . The measurement data conformed to normal distribution was represented as Mean ± SD. Single factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the differences among groups, and head-to-head comparison by LSD test. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:Tissue flaps of all groups were pale immediately after operation. On the first day after operation, the dark ischemic area appeared at the distal end of each group. On the postoperative 7th day, the ischemic area of each group was necrotic and blackened to varying degrees, and the non-necrotic area swelled obviously. On the postoperative 14th day, the ischemic area of each group was further necrotic, blackened, curled and the boundary was clear. Group C was the best, group D was the worst, and both group A and B were between the two. The swelling of non-necrotic areas in group A and C were basically reduced. HE staining showed that numerous thrombi and inflammatory cells infiltration were formed in group D, and group B was behind it, and thrombi were rare in group A and C. Masson staining showed that collagen fibers were arranged regularly in group C, and abundant collagen fibers were disintegrated and disordered in group D, and both group A and B were between the two. The percentages of survival areas of the flaps in group A, B, C and D were as follows: (69.87 ± 5.04) %, (85.03 ± 6.58) %, (93.93 ± 4.25) % and (49.22±9.64) %. There were statistical differences in pairwise comparison between groups (all P <0.05) . SOD activity of group A, B, C and D were as follows: (49.83±8.08) , (36.65±5.49) , (55.61±7.93) and (22.45 ± 5.47) U/mg prot. Except that group A vs. C, there were statistical differences between groups (all P <0.05) . MDA content of group A, B, C and D were as follows: (0.77±0.17) , (1.03±0.16) , (0.68±0.12) , and (0.41±0.09) nmol/mg prot. Except that group A vs. C, there were statistical differences between groups (all P <0.05) . Conclusions:Under the condition of animal experiment, compared with HAase, HSYA combined with HAase can significantly enhance the therapeutic effect of HA arterial embolism and increase the proportion of survival area of tissue flap.