Since the fecal bacteria transplantation (FMT) had been exist for a long time, it attracted more attention in recent years because this therapy could adjust the bacteria disturbance rapidly in clinical settings. Recent studies demonstrated that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has great clinical value in the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection, inflammatory bowel disease, Intractable functional constipation and other diseases. But the FMT is not as perfect as we expect, so we did this article to review the history and terminology of FMT, and summarized the progress in nursing methods of FMT.

Objective To evaluate the clinical application of selective renal artery embolization (SRAE) for the treatment of kidney diseases. Methods Seventy-four cases of renal carcinomas, 11 cases of renal angiomyolipomas (RAML) and 72 cases of traumatic renal haemorrhages were first demonstrated by renal arteriography under Seldinger technique to ensure a site, range and neighbouring relation of lesions and then followed by percutaneous catheterized selective renal arterial embolization with embolic agents. Results The edema around the carcinomas and abscesses became obvious, and bleeding were reduced, which were convenient for operation after SRAE for the preoperative adjuvant treatment of renal carcinomas. The clinical symptoms were improved obviously in 9 eases with advanced renal carcinoma after palliative treatment. The tumour volumes of 11 RAML were decreased evidently by 15 %-65 % with the average of 42 %. The bleeding in 68 cases of traumatic renal haemorrhage were ceased completely in 1-4 days after embolism, 2 cases with serious renal fragmented injury and huge perirenal hematoma combined with shock received successful operation after SRAE, 2 cases bleeding again after SRAE were cured by the second SRAE. No severe complications occurred after embolization in all the patients. Conclusions As a minimal invasive technique,selective renal artery embolization is a safe, effective method with less complications and an adjuvant pre-op-erative therapy for renal carcinoma or a palliative treatment for advanced carcinoma and an effective treatment for RAML and traumatic renal haemorrhage.

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical application of ultrasound-guided radiofrequency thermocoagulaion in brachial plexus block.MethodsC5-C7 brachial plexus block was performed by 6-13 MHz high-frequency ultrasound probe in 65 patients with cervical spondylotic radiculopathy. Visual analogue scale (VAS) score were compared before and after treatment.ResultsThe brachial plexus was showed clearly in 62 patients; however, 3 patients had to be confi rmed by nerve stimulation positioning. The percentage of successful rate is 100%. There was no operation related nerve injury and other complications. The VAS score of preoperation and 1st, 4th and 12nd week after treatment was 8.67±0.76, 3.58±0.62, 2.46±0.2 and 1.77±0.28, respectively. There were significantly difference between before and after treatment (t=58.71, 6.23, 107.72, allP<0.01).ConclusionThe brachial plexus block using radiofrequency thermocoagulaion combined with ultrasound guidance is a safe and radiation-free treatment and warrants to be promoted in clinical practices.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of X-ray guided choledochoscopy via T tube tunnel and interventional treatment of residual bile duct stones.Methods Cholangiography was performed in patients suspected of residual bile duct stone with choledochoscopy via the remaining T tube tunnel,and data of 45 patients who received endoscopically treatment for the residual bile duct stones and bile duct stricture were analyzed.Results Seven patients' with adhesive bile duct stenosis were resolved by repeat rinse and dilation,but the procedure failed in 2 cases of bile duct stricture caused by scar;seven cases of common bile duct stone combined with gradeHand Ⅲ multiple hepatic cholelith were removed within 1.5 h:six cases of hepatic bile duct narrowing with multiple cholelith were taken out in 1.0 hour;six cases of grade Ⅱ and Ⅲ multiple massive choledocholith were removed with lithotrity for over 2.0 h:six cases of grade Ⅱ-Ⅳ cholelith were eliminated within 1.5 h:six cases of hepatobiliary stone were removed successfully in 30 min.Stones in 3 cases of multiple stones with intrahepatie bile duct stenosis were not taken out due to bile duct stricture;stones in 2 cases of gradeⅡand Ⅲ multiple choledocholith were not removed for T tube tunnel bleeding.Conclusion X-ray guided choledochoscopy is convenient and effective to remove residue cholelith.

Objective To study the clinical efficacy of the combination of sephedex and docetaxel used in transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for clinical treatment of primary liver cancer.Methods 120 patients with primary liver cancer in our hospital were divided into the experimental group and the control group randomly and equally, the 60 cases in experimental group were treated with sephedex suspensoid (Sephedex, G-50, 300-500 μm) and docetaxel-iodized oil, while other 60 cases in control group were treated with docetaxel-iodized oil suspension liquid.Results The success rate of surgical intubation in the two groups was 100%.After an average follow-up of 12 months, the postoperative tumor diameter of the experimental group was reduced by (4.4±1.4) cm, while that of the control group was (1.8±1.0) cm;The overall response rate was 70% in the experimental group in contrast to 30% in the control group;the alpha fetal protein (AFP) value was decreased by (33.2±15.2) μg/L in the experimental group and (10.4±9.8) μg/L in the control group.Conclusion The combination of sephedex, docetaxel suspensoid and iodized oil shows great potential in TACE treatment of primary liver cancer, from which the treatment effect can be improved significantly.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of arthroscopic treatment with anchor fixation for Segond fractures.Methods A total of 29 patients with Segond fractures treated with arthroscopic evaluation and anchor fixation technique between January 2011 and December 2015 were included in this retrospective case series study.There were 17 males and 12 females,with an average age of 41 years (range,27-62 years).Among the patients with Segond fractures,there were 20 patients combined with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture,three with posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) rupture,seven with medial collateral ligament (MCL) lesion,six with lateral collateral ligament (LCL) rupture,12 with meniscus lesion,and two with tibial plateau fracture.The time duration from injury to operation was 5-14 days (mean,7 days).The operation time and intraoperative blood loss volume were recorded.The postoperative pain,complications,knee joint stability,and fracture healing were observed.The pain was evaluated using numerical rating scale (NRS).Drawer test,Lachman test,lateral stress test,and Lysholm scores were performed to assess the knee function before and after operation.Results The operation time was 40-125 minutes (mean,85 minutes),and intraoperative blood loss was 10-30 ml (mean,15 ml).All patients were followed up for 12-18 months (mean,14 months).Two weeks after operation,the pain was not obvious,with NRS of 0-1.One patient had deep venous thrombosis one week after operation,and recovered after vascular intervention therapy.Other patients had no infection,deep vein thrombosis or other postoperative complications.The results of drawer test,Lachman test,and lateral stress test were negative in all patients,which indicated good knee joint stability.All patients were seen bone union,with the healing rate of 100％.The preoperative Lysholm scores were 35-62 points [(52.0 ± 4.2) points],and the scores one year after operation were 86-95 points [(91.9 ± 1.4) points] (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Arthroscopic treatment with anchor fixation has advantages of minor trauma,little hemorrhage,high fracture healing rate and good function recovery,and hence is an effective surgical treatment for Segond fractures.

{L-End}Objective To analyze the effects of night shift work and overweight/obesity on blood pressure of workers in chemical fiber industry. {L-End}Methods A total of 1 004 workers of a chemical fiber factory were selected as the study subjects using convenient sampling method, and their blood pressure and body mass index were measured. Multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the relationship between night shift work and blood pressure, and multiple logistic regression was used to assess the independent impact and combined impact of night shifts and overweight/obesity on the risk of hypertension. {L-End}Results Compared with the non-night shift workers, the prevalence of hypertension in night shift workers was increased (5.3% vs 13.0%, P<0.05), with elevated systolic and diastolic blood pressure (both P<0.05). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that the systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure of the night shift workers were higher than those of the non-night shift workers (both P<0.05), and the systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure of overweight/obesity workers were higher than those of non-overweight/obesity workers (both P<0.01). The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of hypertension in night shift workers and overweight/obesity workers was higher than that in non-night shift workers and non-overweight/obesity workers [odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were 2.49 (1.04-5.99) and 2.65 (1.77-3.95), both P<0.05]. Night shift work and overweight/obesity showed a synergistic effect on blood pressure of workers. Compared to non-overweight/obesity non-night shift workers, overweight/obesity night shift workers had a higher risk of hypertension (OR=4.93, 95%CI: 1.70-14.29, P<0.01). {L-End}Conclusion Night shift work could lead to elevated blood pressure in workers in the chemical fiber industry, which is a potential risk factor for hypertension. The synergistic effect of night shift work and overweight/obesity may contribute to the increased risk of hypertension.

Cryoablation (CRA) and microwave ablation (MWA) are two main local treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, which one is more curative and suitable for combining with immunotherapy is still controversial. Herein, CRA induced higher tumoral PD-L1 expression and more T cells infiltration, but less PD-L1^highCD11b⁺ myeloid cells infiltration than MWA in HCC. Furthermore, CRA had better curative effect than MWA for anti-PD-L1 combination therapy in mouse models. Mechanistically, anti-PD-L1 antibody facilitated infiltration of CD8⁺ T cells by enhancing the secretion of CXCL9 from cDC1 cells after CRA therapy. On the other hand, anti-PD-L1 antibody promoted the infiltration of NK cells to eliminate PD-L1^highCD11b⁺ myeloid cells by antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) effect after CRA therapy. Both aspects relieved the immunosuppressive microenvironment after CRA therapy. Notably, the wild-type PD-L1 Avelumab (Bavencio), compared to the mutant PD-L1 atezolizumab (Tecentriq), was better at inducing the ADCC effect to target PD-L1^highCD11b⁺ myeloid cells. Collectively, our study uncovered the novel insights that CRA showed superior curative effect than MWA in combining with anti-PD-L1 antibody by strengthening CTL/NK cell immune responses, which provided a strong rationale for combining CRA and PD-L1 blockade in the clinical treatment for HCC.