Through the literature collection on Chinese marine materia medica,this study analyzed medication rules of Chinese marine materia medica prescription,understood general conditions of Chinese marine materia medica prescription,in order to conduct data mining on medication rules of Chinese marine materia medica prescription.The name of Chinese marine materia medica was used as the search term.Chinese marine materia medica prescriptions were searched in related literatures of Chinese Medicine Code,Chinese Marine Materia Medica,Chinese Materia Medica,Chinese Pharmacopoeia and Great Dictionary of Chinese Medicine.The information was extracted and standardized to construct database for the initial data mining of related information and medication rules of Chinese marine materia medica prescriptions.The results showed that 16715 Chinese marine materia medica prescriptions were screened,which contained 144014 items of data,involving 218 kinds of Chinese marine materia medica.Decoction was the most common dosage form.The amount of Chinese marine materia medica prescription in the Ming and Qing dynasties was the largest.The highest frequency of Chinese marine materia medica in one prescription was 1 to 3 types.The prescription composed all by Chinese marine materia medica occupied 8.065％.Other prescriptions contained the compatibility of Chinese terrestrial materia medica.The prescription containing materia medica half from the sea and half from the land,occupied 7.754％.The Chinese marine materia medica used with the highest frequency in all prescriptions was oyster.The frequently used Chinese terrestrial materia medica was licorice and angelica in Chinese marine materia medica prescriptions.It was concluded that the number of Chinese marine materia medica prescription was large.Its compatibility and clinical application had a certain characteristic,which provided data foundation for the further research and development of Chinese marine materia medica.

Objective:To identify proteins associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) metastasis,and provide scientific basis for the prevention and cure of NPC.Methods:A two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry were performed to screen for differential proteins between highly metastatic 5-8F and non-metastatic 6-10B NPC cell lines.Western blot was used to confirm the differential proteins.We used siRNA to inhibit the expression of differential protein nm23-H1 to determine the association of nm23-H1 with NPC in vitro invasive ability.Immunohistochemistry and statistics were used to evaluate the correlation of nm23-H1 expression with clinicopathological features and clinical outcomes in paraffin-embedded archival tissues including 93 cases of primary NPC and 20 cases of cervical lymphonode metastatic NPC (LMNPC).Results:A total of 15 differential proteins in the 2 cell lines were identified by a proteomic approach,and 3 differential proteins were selectively confirmed.Downregulation of nm23-H1 by siRNA significantly increased the in vitro invasive ability of 6-10B.Significant nm23-H1 downregulation was observed in LMNPC compared with primary NPC.nm23-H1 downregulation in primary NPC was positively correlated with lymphonode and distant metastasis,advanced clinical stage and recurrence.Survival curves showed that patients with nm23-H1 downregulation in primary NPC had a poor prognosis.Multivariate analysis confirmed that nm23-H1 expression level in primary NPC was an independent prognostic indicator.Conclusion:nm23-H1 behaves as a metastasis suppressor in NPC,and nm23-H1 downregulation is a biomarker for poor NPC prognosis.

Bioassay, which construct the characteristics consistents with Chinese medical science, is the core mode and methods for the quality control of Chinese materia medica. Taking the bioassay of Radix Isatidis as an example, the contribution, status and application of bioassay in the quality control of Chinese materia medica were introduced in this article, and two key issue (the selection of reference and measurement methods) in the process of establishing bioassay were also explained. This article expects to provide a reference for the development and improvement of the bioassay of Chinese materia medica in a practical manipulation level.
Aconitum ; Materia Medica ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; utilization ; Quality Control

Objective: To explore the correlation between ATP1A3 genotype and phenotype in children with alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC). Methods: This was a retrospective study. The clinical data and peripheral blood DNA of AHC patients were collected in Peking University First Hospital from August 2005 to December 2017. ATP1A3 gene mutations were screened by Sanger sequencing or next generation sequencing (NGS). AHC patients were divided into difference groups according to different hotspot mutations. SPSS 23.0 was used to analyze the correlation between genotype and phenotype. Variance analysis was used to compare the measurement data between groups. Chi square test was used to compare the categorical data between groups. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the unidirectional ordered data between groups. Least-significant difference(LSD) was used to compare the data between two groups. Results: A total of 119 AHC patients were recruited, including 68 males and 51 females. The onset age of 113 (95.0%) patients was within 18 months. There were 119 cases (100.0%) with hemiplegic seizures, 109 cases (91.6%) with abnormal eyeball movements, 104 cases (87.4%) with dystonia, 31 cases (26.1%) with autonomic neurological symptoms, 31 cases (26.1%) with epileptic seizures and 117 cases (98.3%) with long-term developmental delay. In 113 patients (95.0%) with ATP1A3 gene mutations, 111 were de novo mutation and 2 were genetic mutations. A total of 39 mutation types were found, including 37 missense mutations and 2 deletion mutations. Seventeen of them were novel mutations. The three hotspot mutations were D801N (n=34, 30.1%), E815K (n=20, 17.7%) and G947R (n=13, 11.5%). The age of onset of D801N and E815K were earlier than G947R ((3.1±2.1)and (2.3±2.3)vs.(6.4±7.7) months, P=0.004 and 0.003). The age of first hemiplegic events of D801N and E815K were earlier than G947R((6.4±3.1) and (6.8±3.3) vs. (11.4±10.1) months, P=0.004 and 0.016). More patients with E815K mutations presented epilepsy than those with D801N (P=0.003) and G947R (P=0.001). More patients with E815K mutations presented greater motor and intellectual disability than the patients with D801N (P=0.001) and G947R mutations (P=0.001). Conclusions ATP1A3 gene is the main causative gene of AHC. Three hotspot mutations, D801N, E815K and G947R, were found. Hotspot mutation E815K is associated with the most severe phenotype, which presented an earlier age at the time of the first paroxysmal manifestation and first hemiplegic event, severer developmental delay and a greater proportion of epilepsy.

Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between monocyte to high density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio (MHR) and the infection, severity, and prognosis of diabetic foot ulcer.Methods:A retrospective cohort study of 194 patients with diabetic foot ulcer between September 2016 and August 2018 was conducted at the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China. The clinical data, glucose and lipids metabolism, renal function, nutritional status, coagulation function, and severity of infection, severity, ischemic, and diagnosis were recorded. The rates of healed ulcer, amputation, and mortality were followed for six months.Results:The higher MHR levels of diabetic foot ulcer patients were accompanied with the higher Wagner grade, infection grade, severity of lower extremity ischemia, and proportion of adverse outcomes ( P trend<0.05). MHR and many traditional risk factors of diabetic foot ulcer (white blood cell count, C-reactive protein, albumin, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and ankle brachial index) were significantly correlated (all P<0.05). After adjustment for potential confounders, multivariate logistics regression analysis showed that MHR levels were positively associated with the occurrence of adverse outcomes [odds ratio ( OR) for the highest quartile vs lowest quartile, 1.52 (95% CI 1.08-3.08), P<0.05]. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that area under the curve (AUC) of high MHR, high C-reactive protein, and low albumin for predicting the occurrence of adverse outcomes in diabetic foot ulcer patients were 0.674 (95% CI 0.581-0.747), 0.703(95% CI 0.615-0.772), and 0.667(95% CI 0.569-0.734), respectively. Conclusion:Elevation of MHR in diabetic foot ulcer patients are positively correlated with the grading of Wagner classification, and the severity of infection and ischemia, and seriously affects the prognosis of patients, suggesting that more attention should be paid to the MHR.

Objective: To investigate the association of the risk of overweight/obesity in children and adolescents with their early life factors and parental weight. Methods: From June 1 to June 30 of 2022, the stratified randomized cluster sampling method was used to collect information using questionnaires from 5 370 primary and secondary school students in Hohhot City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and multivariate analysis were performed using multiple Logistic regression model estimation in a generalized linear model for parental BMI and early life factors in children and adolescents. Results: The prevalence of overweight/obesity was 32.2% , and the prevalence of overweight/obesity among male students was 37.8%, which was higher than that of female students 26.1% χ 2= 84.59 , P <0.01). The results of the multirariate Logistic regression anaysis showed that the prevalence of overweight/obesity was higher in only paternal overweight ( OR=1.52, 95%CI =1.30-1.77), only maternal overweight ( OR=1.61, 95%CI = 1.31 -1.97), and parentl overweight ( OR=2.42, 95%CI =2.03-2.87)( P <0.05). The risk of overweight/obesity was higher in children with high birth weight ( OR=1.29, 95%CI =1.08- 1.55 ), children born by caesarean section ( OR=1.32, 95%CI =1.17- 1.48 ), and children whose mothers gained excessive weight during pregnancy ( OR=1.24, 95%CI =1.06-1.46), and the results were statistically significant ( P <0.05). Conclusions Overweight parents, excessive maternal weight gain during pregnancy, cesarean delivery, and high birth weight are associated with increased risk of overweight/obesity in children and adolescents. Attention should be paid to these aspects in obesity prevention and control.

Objective:To explore the impacts of workload and expected income index on the salary satisfaction of medical staff at public hospitals.Methods:From October 15th to November 10th, 2020, the salary system reform monitoring questionnaire for medical staff in public hospitals formulated by development center for medical science & technology National Health Commission was adopted to evaluate the workload, actual income, expected income and salary satisfaction of 120 pilot public hospitals for salary reforms in 21 cities (prefectures) in Sichuan province. The questionnaire survey was conducted among 8 651 medical staff of these hospitals. Descriptive analysis was carried out on the results of the questionnaire; the ratio of expected income to actual income, namely the expected income index, was used to reflect the relative difference between expected income and actual income; χ2 test and binary logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of salary satisfaction. Results:8 133 valid questionnaires were recovered. The average working time per week of the survey subjects was 48.17 hours, and the average longest continuous working time was 15.30 hours; 85.63% (6 964) of the medical staff had expected income index greater than 1. The average score of salary satisfaction was 58.22 points and 57.72% (4 694) of the medical staff were dissatisfied. The longer the continuous working time (16-72 h versus 8-9 h, OR=0.755), the greater the expected income index (>1 versus =1, OR=0.522), and the lower the salary satisfaction. Conclusions:The workload of medical staff was heavy, the salary failed to meet the expected level, the sense of satisfaction was low. It is suggested to monitor in real time and dynamically adjust the workload of medical staff in combination with the actual situation, formulate the salary level in line with the technical labor value of different medical staff, and establish a comprehensive performance appraisal mechanism.

Objective:To analyze the diagnosis and treatment of neonatal neuroblastoma (NB) by summarizing its clinical characteristics.Methods:This study retrospectively recruited 14 neonates with NB in Beijing Children's Hospital (National Center for Children's Health) from February 1, 2015, to February 1, 2020. Medical records and follow-up data as of February 29, 2020, were collected, and clinical staging based on International Neuroblastoma Staging System, risk grouping based on American Childhood Oncology Group risk grouping system, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis were analyzed. According to whether surgical treatment was performed in the neonatal period or not, these subjects were divided into surgical and non-surgical groups. A descriptive statistical analysis was used for data analysis.Results:(1) Neonates with NB accounted for 0.063% (14/22 006) of the total number of newborns admitted to the hospital during the same period. The 14 cases were all full-term aged 15 d (8 h-23 d) at admission. Tumors were found in seven cases in prenatal examinations, while others presented with shortness of breath (three cases), abdominal distension (two cases), fever (one case), and dysuria and difficult defecation after birth (one case). (2) The primary tumor sites included the adrenal gland (eight cases), posterior mediastinum (three cases), retroperitoneum (two cases), and sacrococcygeal (one case). Three cases had extensive diffuse liver metastasis at admission. (3) Except for two cases who refused to examine, the serum neuron-specific enolase of 12 cases was 57.2 ng/ml (35.9-158.3 ng/ml) during hospitalization, and the urine vanillyl-mandelic acid creatinine of four cases was 2 304.940 (685.748-9 595.314). (4) Primary tumor sites were found in 14 cases by imaging examination. Bone scanning was performed in three cases, including one with a concentrated shadow of the right sacroiliac joint and two with no abnormalities. Ten cases underwent bone marrow aspiration and all with normal results. (5) Of the ten neonates received surgery (the surgical group), nine had the primary tumor wholly removed, without chemotherapy after the operation, and the tumor-free survival period was 19 months (1-45 months). One case (case 5) had a substantial primary tumor that could not be completely resected. The patient underwent a second surgery five months after the first operation due to disease progression and received postoperative chemotherapy. The child had stopped chemotherapy for 24 months and survived without a tumor. (6) In the non-surgical group (cases 11 to 14), the tumor in case 11 who refused chemotherapy shrank spontaneously after discharge, and the patient survived for 20 months with the tumor. The parents of the case 12 withdrew treatment during hospitalization, while the primary tumor and metastases disappeared after discharge, and the specific tumor markers gradually decreased to normal levels. The patient has been tumor-free survived for 25 months. Case 13 received mediastinal tumor resection and chemotherapy during infancy. At the end of the follow-up, chemotherapy had been stopped for 12 months, and the patient survived without a tumor. Case 14 withdrew treatment and died. (7) Among the ten cases in the surgical group, one patient's pathological result indicated a composite tumor, while the others were low differentiated neuroblastoma. There was no MYCN gene amplification, 1p36 deletion, or 11q23 deletion in the ten cases. (8) Among the ten children in the surgical group, nine were in stage 1, and one was in stage 4S (case 5). Nine cases were classified into extremely low-risk groups, while the other was in the low-risk group. The four cases in the non-surgical group could not be grouped by risk. Conclusions:Clinical manifestations of neonatal NB are often atypical. NB in stage 4S might resolve spontaneously, and expectant observation may be considered. The overall prognosis of neonatal NB is generally good, but further researches are needed.

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic method and value of echocardiography in screening right patent ductus arteriosus(PDA) of infants.Methods:This was a prospective study.Thirty-one infants with right PDA diagnosed by ultrasound and confirmed by prenatal ultrasonography, electronic computed tomography angiography, angiocardiography and/or surgery in Hebei Children′s Hospital from April 2014 to May 2022 were collected as research subjects, and the association of right ductus arteriosus with aortic arch anomalies and complex cardiac malformations were summarized. The diagnostic method and value of ultrasonic screening were summed up.Results:Of the 31 cases, 30 cases were correctly diagnosed by ultrasound and 1 case was misdiagnosed, who was a left aortic arch descending to the right, a crossover variation of the right and left pulmonary arteries, and a rightward displacement of the ductus arteriosus. Among these cases diagnosed correctly, 27 cases (including 24 cases with right aortic arch and 3 cases with left aortic arch) presented that ductus arteriosus was open and its ostium of pulmonary artery end was located in the proximal right pulmonary artery in views of parasternal short-axis view of great vessels at cardiac base with the combination of two dimensions and color Doppler flow imaging. Other 3 cases of right aortic arch were all single ventricle with transposition of the great artery. Due to the parallel relationship of the two great arteries, the standard parasternal short-axis view of great vessels could not be obtained, and the right ductus arteriosus was found in the high parasternal views.In all of the 27 cases with right aortic arch and right ductus arteriosus, high parasternal views showed that one end of the ductus arteriosus was connected to the right aortic arch isthmus and the other end was connected to the right pulmonary artery. In all of the 3 cases with left aortic arch and right ductus arteriosus, the high parasternal views showed that one end of the ductus arteriosus was connected to the right subclavian artery and the other end was connected to the right pulmonary artery. Among the 27 cases with right aortic arch, 16 cases were accompanied with mirror image branches, 9 cases of which had complex cardiac malformations; 10 cases were associated with aberrant left subclavian artery, 1 case of which had complex cardiac malformations; 1 case was with isolated left subclavian artery, and without complex cardiac malformations. All 3 cases of left aortic arch were accompanied with isolated right subclavian artery and none of them were associated with complex cardiac malformations. Clinical outcomes of 30 cases with right PDA: 14 cases underwent ductus arteriosus ligation due to thick ductus or other heart malformations. In other 16 cases, 4 cases were closed spontaneously, 9 cases had persistent small ductus arteriosus, and 3 cases were lost to follow-up.Conclusions:Right ductus arteriosus is mostly related to the right aortic arch, and those with mirror image branches are prone to complex cardiac malformations; cases of left aortic arch with right ductus arteriosus are tend to accompany isolated right subclavian artery. Ultrasound has an important application in the screening and diagnosis of right PDA.

Autophagy is an intracellular degradation process that maintains cellular homeostasis. It is essential for protecting organisms from environmental stress. Autophagy can help the host to eliminate invading pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. However, pathogens have evolved multiple strategies to interfere with autophagic signaling pathways or inhibit the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes to form autolysosomes. Moreover, host cell matrix degradation by different types of autophagy can be used for the proliferation and reproduction of pathogens. Thus, determining the roles and mechanisms of autophagy during pathogen infections will promote understanding of the mechanisms of pathogen‍‒‍host interactions and provide new strategies for the treatment of infectious diseases.
Autophagy ; Bacteria ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Lysosomes ; Signal Transduction