BACKGROUND: The wear resistance and hardness of artificial tooth would affect repairing effects in clinic. However, there is lack of professional standard for resin teeth in China.OBJECTIVE: To provide a theoretic foundation for the choosing of the resin teeth in clinic via comparing the wear resistance and hardness among 7 different resin teeth.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A contrast observation. The experiment was performed at the laboratory of Mechanical Engineering College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University from November 2003 to May 2004.MATERIALS: A total of 7 kinds of different resin teeth were selected, namely, hard multi-layer synthetic resin teeth (A); multi-layer synthetic resin teeth (B); synthetic resin teeth (C); EMDURA resin teeth (D); three-layer synthetic resin teeth (E); optostar four-layer synthetic resin teeth (F); and Cosmo HXL (G).METHODS: The wear test was processed by a pin-plate wear machine. The result was measured by the weight loss through wearing and the surfaces of the wear scar were observed by a scanning electronic microscope (SEM); hardness was measured by Knoop hardness. Meanwhile, the relativity between the hardness and wear resistance of resin teeth was analyzed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The wear resistance and hardness of resin teeth.RESULTS: According to the weight loss and SEM examination, the wear resistance of the different resin teeth was D>A>G>E>B>F>C; and the hardness of different resin teeth was D>A>G>E>F>B>C. The correlation coefficient between the weight loss and hardness was -0.888 (P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: The variation of the wear resistance of the resin teeth may influenced by their different components, molecular weight and manufacturel methods. There are positive correlation between the hardness and wear resistance of resin teeth.

Objective To compare the content of organic acid in Folium Isatidis from differernt Habitats. Methods According to ultraviolet absorption atlases characteristics of the three main organic acid in Folium Isatidis, DSA UV-2401 was used to determinate the acidcontent of Folium Isatidis from differernt Habitats, and carried on to inspect the methodology. Results The difference of the acidcontent of Folium Isatidis from differernt Habitats is notable. Conclusion The method is simple, accurate and duplicated good, and can be used as quantitative analysis method of organic acid in Folium Isatidis.

OBJECTIVEThis study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of arthrocentesis on Wilkes III stage patients. Clinical examinations and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings before treatment and six months after treatment were compared and analyzed.

METHODSA total of 137 outpatients diagnosed with temporomandibular joint internal derangement (TMJID) associated with Wilkes III stage through clinical examination and MRI findings from January 2013 to December 2013 were randomly included. All the patients were successfully treated with arthrocentesis. Moreover, all the patients accepted clinical and MRI examination before arthrocentesis treatment and six months after. Clinical examination included visual analogue scale and opening degree, whereas MRI examination included articular disc morphology and effusion in the upper compartments. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0.

RESULTSResults showed that the average score of visual analogue scale six months after treatment was significantly lower than that before treatment (P < 0.05). The success rate was 78.1% (107/137). The rate of disc deformity after arthrocentesis treatment was higher than that before the treatment. By contrast, the positive rate of effusion after arthrocentesis was significantly lower than that before the treatment (P < 0.05). Bilaminar zone adaptive changes (disk-like) were found in seven cases (5.1%, 7/137) after treatment.

CONCLUSIONArthrocentesis could effectively relieve pain of the TMJID patients. Furthermore, MRI results indicated that arthrocentesis could significantly decrease articular effusion. Arthrocentesis was effective for the treatment of Wilkes III stage in the short term. Adaptive changes in bilaminar zone occurred in a few patients. However, serious disc deformity with the passage of time is a trend that has been observed.

Arthrocentesis ; Humans ; Joint Dislocations ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Outpatients ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Temporomandibular Joint Disc ; pathology ; surgery ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Visual Analog Scale

Objective To investigate the effects of sevoflurane preconditioning (SP) on acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats.Methods Twenty-four male SD rats weighing 220-250 g were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 6 each): group Ⅰ control (group C),group Ⅱ LPS,group Ⅲ sevoflurane (group Sev) and group Ⅳ SP + LPS.In group Ⅰ and Ⅱ ,normal saline and LPS 5 mg/kg were given Ⅳ 30 min after ventilation respectively.In group Ⅲ and Ⅳ,the animals inhaled sevoflurane (end-tidal concentration 2.4% ) for 30 min followed by 5 min wash-out,and then received iv injection of normal saline and LPS 5 mg/kg respectively.The animals were killed at 6 h after LPS or normal saline administration.Lungs were removed for determination of W/D lung weight ratio,myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity,cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 (CINC-1) content and expression of CINC-1 and CINC-1 mRNA.The severity of lung injury was evaluated using diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) score.Results Compared with group Ⅰ ,W/D lung weight ratio,DAD score,MPO activity and CINC-1 content were significantly increased,and expression of CINC-1 and CINC-1 mRNA up-regulated in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ,while there was no significant difference in the above indices between group Ⅲ and group Ⅰ .Compared with group Ⅱ ,W/D lung weight ratio,DAD score,MPO activity and CINC-1 content were significantly decreased,and expression of CINC-1 and CINC-1 mRNA down-regulated in group Ⅲ.Conclusion Sevoflurane preconditioning can protect the lungs against LPS-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting inflaunnatory response.

ObjectiveTo explore the accuracy of judging the T-staging of rectal cancer by biplane transrectal ultrasound.MethodsPathological enteroscopic biopsy was carried out for 197 cases of rectal cancer.Cases of middle and lower rectal cancer without serious obstruction were examined by means of transrectal biplane ultrasound through which to observe the changes of the echoes and to detect the depth of the infiltration in the intestinal walls and the presence of invasions in prostate glands,seminal in male or vesicles,uterine cervix in female.On the basis of the findings,the preoperative tumor staging was made.Postoperatively,the ultrasound results were compared with the pathological examination.Their consistency was evaluated by using Kappa test.ResultsTransrectal biplane ultrasound examination showed the total accuracy rate in T-staging of rectal cancer was as high as 83.8％ with the diagnostic sensitivity rate for T1to T4 as 77.8 ％,73.1％,89.3％ and 94.4％,while its diagnostic specificity rate degree was 97.3％,93.1 ％,85.1 ％,97.8％ respectively,The k -value was 0.732 which suggested that the ultrasound staging was highly consistent with the pathological staging(P＜0.05).ConclusionsTransrectal biplane ultrasound has a great value in the preoperative T-staging of rectal cancer and is helpful in the planning of treatment.

Objective To investigate the ultrasonographic features of normal rectal walls.Methods Ten removed rectal specimens were scanned with high frequency (4-13 MHz) linear array probe to obtain ultrasound images of various layers and having each layer marked,and separated,followed by histological examination respectively.Results Ultrasound demonstrated seven layers of structure which were identified by alternative high and low echoes.From innermost layer towards the outer layers,they were divided as:high-echo acoustic interface,low-echo mucous layer,high-echo sub-mucous layer,low-echo circular muscle layer,high-echo fibrous connective tissue layer,low-echo outer longitudinal muscle layer and high-echo outer membrane layer.All these findings were justified by histological examination.Conclusions High-frequency ultrasound demonstrated 7 layers of echoes in normal rectal walls.This provides imaging basis for diagnosis and judge the invasion degree of rectal cancers.

Objective To assess three-dimensional color Doppler energy (3D-CDE) in the diagnosis of liver tumors.Methods Vascular pattern of 2D- and 3D-CDE were used to analyze 106 tumors of 96 patients,and their sensitivity and specify were calculated respectively.Three-dimensional volumetric measurement was used to calculate the volume,vessel counts of tumor,as well as the ratio of vessel counts and volume,whereas vascular index (VI) of both benign and malignant lesions were assessed.Results ①Using the vascular pattern of IE as diagnosis standard of liver malignant,the sensitivity and specificity of 2D-CDE and 3D-CDE were 21.33%,100% and 81.33%,100%,respectively) using the vascular pattern of II and Ⅲ,the sensitivity and specificity were 73.33%,67.74% and 100%,45.16%,respectively.②Mean VI was 0.38 counts/cm~3 of malignant tumors and 0.18 counts/cm~3 of 31 benign tumors (P<0.05),The sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing malignant tumors of liver was 78.67% and 87.10%,respectively with VI>0.30 counts/cm~3.Conclusion The vascular pattern of 3D-CDE HI and VI>0.30 counts/cm~3 may be taken as parameters for the diagnosis of malignant liver tumor.

Objective To study the effect of plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 ( PAI-1 ) on the protein expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 ( TGFβ1 ), hyaluronic acid ( HA ) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) of hepatic stellate cells(HSC). Methods Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT)was performed to detect the effect of PAI-1 on the proliferation of LX-2 ,and to determine the perfect intervention concentration of PAI-1. After incubation with PAI-1 in LX-2 culture solution for 12 h,24 h,48 h,the protein expression of TGFβ1 ,TIMP-1 and HA was observed with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results A492 in the negative control was 0. 473 ± 0. 353, and 1. 249 ± 0. 440, 1. 636 ± 0. 315,1.283 ± 0. 413,0. 938 ±0. 263 and 0. 303 ±0. 125 when the concentration of PAI-1 was 5,10,20,40 and 80 μg/L,respectively,a concentration of 10 μg/L of PAI-1 showed the strongest stimulation remarkablely ( F = 11. 697, P ＜ 0. 01 ).After incubation with PAI-1 for 12 h,24 h,48 h,the protein expression of HA,TGFβ1 and TIMP-1 in the LX-2 supernatant significantly increased compared to negative control (F = 1566. 752,235. 632 and 67. 359,respectively,P ＜ 0. 01 or ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusion PAI-1 may influence the development of hepatic fibrosis through promoting the protein expression of HA ,TGFβ1 and TIMP-1 of HSC.

Insulin resistance and its compensatory hyperinsulinemia play a key pathogenic role in the infertility of the polycystic ovary syndrome.Numerous studies indicate that insulin sensitizing drugs can be used to enhance spontaneous ovulation and the induction ovulation in the syndrome,The aim of this review is to summarize the studies in which insulin sensitizing drugs were used to increase ovulation rate or improve fertility in women with the PCOS and to translate the information into practical guidelines for reproductive endocrinologist.

A variety of opportunistic infections can occur in the late-stage of HIV-1 infection,Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection is a common cause of disseminated bacterial infection. Since the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART),the rate of MAC infection has declined substantially,but there is risk in individuals with low CD4 cell counts. This article describes the epidemiological,clinical,therapeutic and preventive aspects of MAC infection in HIV-sero-positive individuals.