Objective To select the optimum condition for the determination of formaldehyde in the car and to understand the formaldehyde pollution situation,dynamic change law and the influence factors.Methods The national standard method,acetyl acetone spectrophotometer,was used to determine formaldehyde.The investigated cars were the ones which left the factory for one month,three months,six months and one year.The sampling time,rate of flow and coloration time were determined.The influence of temperature and ventilation on the formaldehyde content in the car was analyzed.Results The formaldehyde content in the car was influenced by the temperature,ventilation,date of production and the type of the car.The optimum conditions for the determination of formaldehyde in the car were as follows,10 min of sampling time,0.3 L/min of sampling flow rate and 3 min of coloration time.Conclusion Ventilation is an effective measure to reduce the formaldehyde content in the car.Higher temperature is good for the release of formaldehyde.The formaldehyde content in the car will reach the standard limit in one year after left factory.

Objective Probe into different method safe and effective fixation method,clinical result and cliniical to indications of different treatments in intertrochanter fracture of femur in the old elderly.Methods Adopting the femur near end dissecting type to lock the stencil plate fixation 14 of 58 cases of old intertrochanter fracture of femur separately.the hip screw of motive force(DHS) fixation was used in 24,femur near end stencil plate fixation in 20,and the blood loss,operation time,ossicle split off situation and fracture heal time were compared among the three groups.Sanders grade results and complications were followed up.Results Postoperative follow up Was done in all patients,from 8 months to 3 years,averaged 1.5 years.three groups of skill type fine rate of the three groups being 92.9%,92%,90%respectively.Conclusions Different methods showed good clinical results in treating the old intertrochanter fracture of femur,each having its indications.Operation should be done should follow based on fracture type,age,physique factors and patient's osteoporosis intensity,choosing the best healing solution by characteristics of intermal flxation while each combining.The hook board(ALHP)is suitable for old patients with serious osteoporosis,DHS for Evans Ⅰ,Ⅱ types and some Evans Ⅲ type,and femur near end dissecting type stencil plate for Ⅳ and Ⅴ types fractures.

Objective To compare humoral immune response of BALB/c mice immunized by recombinant plasmids poDNA3.1-BE and pcDNA3.1-NE. Methods The BALB/c mice were immunized by recombinant plasmids pcDNA3.1-BE, pcDNA3.1-NE with adjuvant. Each animal received a primary inoculation and two boosts at 2-week intervals. Then the blood samples of BALB/c mice were collected from different experiment groups at day 14, 28, 42, 70 and 98, respectively after first immunization. The specific IgM/IgG antibodies for E protein in serum were confirmed by indirect ELISA. And then the activities of the specific neutralizing antibody were determined by cytopathic effect inhibition (CPEI). Results The levels of specific IgM/IgG antibodies and neutralizing antibody activities were increased in PODNA3.1-BE enhance immunization group than that of other groups. The result had been observed longer duration of antibody level in pcDNA3.,-BE enhance immunization group. Conclusion Humoral immune response were significant differences between recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1-BE and PcDNA3.1-NE immunized mice groups.

Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CHD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world, with elevated low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels as a major risk factor. Lower levels of LDL-C can effectively reduce the risk of CHD. To date, lipid-lowering medicines such as statins are effective in lowering LDL-C, but a proportion of patients do not achieve lipid reduction target with statins or are intolerant to statins. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors are a new class of agents reducing LDL-C which gain more and more concerns. Through inhibitory effect on PCSK9 and increasing low-density lipoprotein receptors recycling, they can significantly reduce serum LDL-C levels. PCSK9 inhibitors are currently in phase III of clinical trials, and the results showed that they had good lipid-lowering effects and tolerability. This review provided an overview of the latest advances and challenges about PCSK9 inhibitors.

Quinolones are broad-spectrum antibacterial agents used in human and veterinary medicine, and their extensive use have been associated with a rise of the quinolone resistance. In the present study, the quinolone resistance of avian E.coli and Salmonella isolates was evaluated and compared, in which 344 avian E.coli and 224 Salmonella isolates from 1990s were serogrouped with antisera and thc antimicrobial susceptibility test to 10 quinolones was carried out by using the Kirby-Bauer method recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). It was demonstrated that the 344 isolates of avian E.coli distributed in 27 serogroups and 68.90% (237/344) of the isolates belonged to four O-serogroups: i.e. O1, O2, O18, O78, and the 224 isolates of avian Salmonella were all determined to be Salmonella pullorum. The drug-resistance rate of avian E. coli isolates to nalicixic acid from 1993-1999 was more than 60%(64.43%,131/181), whereas those of isolates to 9 antibiotics from 2000-2008 had a drug-resistance rates of more than 60%, namely,nalicixic acid(92.02%), fleroxacin(79.75%), pipemidic acid(79.14%), enrofloxacin(78.53%), enoxacin(76.07%), lomenfloxacin(74.85%), ciprofloxacin(69.33%), norfloxacin(63.80%) and ofloxacin(61.35%). For the 4 O-serogroups of the avian E.coli isolates, the drug-resistance rates of more than 50% to antimicrobials were as follows: O78 isolates to 7 antimicrobials;O18 isolates to 5 antimicrobials, and O1 and O2 isolates just to 3 antimicrobials. The quinolone resistance of Salmonella isolates was much lower than E.coli, in which 101 salmonella isolates from 1993-1999 were all susceptible to quinolones. Nalicixic acid resistance of salmonella isolate firstly appeared in 2000, and the drug-resistance rate of salmonella isolates from 2000-2008 was found to be more than 60% for nalicixic acid(83.74%), but those to other quinolones were comparatively lower. These results indicated that the quinolone resistance of avian E.coli and salmonella were increasing in the past two decads because of the over-use of antibiotics.

Objective: To design and synthesize APC/Asef peptide inhibitors and investigate the structure-activity relationship between peptides inhibitors and APC protein for exploring better inhibitors. Methods: Based on the best-class inhibitor we had found before-MAI-400, eleven peptide inhibitors were designed, which included the changes of N-terminal capping group, the first amino acid Ala, the fifth amino acid Leu and the last amino acid Glu. According to the results of fluorescence polarization activity detection system and molecular docking, the structure-activity relationship of peptide inhibitors was investigated. Results: Among the eleven peptides, MPI-11 had the highest affinity, whose half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 0.973 1 mmol/L. The capping group of peptide N-terminal with tert-butoxycarbonyl group reduced the activity slightly. The substitution of the Ala caused different results, changing into Trp, His and Thr definitely reduced the activity but the substitution by Tyr or Phe did not influence the activity too much. And introducing benzene ring into the side chain of Leu had few effects on activity improving. The substitution of side chain carboxyl for amide at the C-terminal glutamate had little effect on the activity. Conclusion: Among the eleven peptides, the capping group of peptide N-terminal cannot be substituted into small groups and Ala cannot be substituted into other amino acids.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a common malignant tumor of blood system, often manifested as bone destruction, hypercalcemia, and hyperviscosity syndrome. Electrolyte disturbance and hypertension caused by MM can induce posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). This case report reviews that a patient with osteodynia had several mental abnormalities, and was diagnosed as having κ light chain MM with PRES after thorough examination.

Objective:To investigate whether radiotherapy should be delivered before the application of immune checkpoint inhibitor PD-1 in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and evaluate the effect of previous radiotherapy on the efficacy and pulmonary toxicity of PD-1 inhibitor.Methods:Clinical data of patients with stage Ⅳ NSCLC who received immunotherapy in Henan Cancer Hospital from March 2015 to September 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The baseline data of patients, the status of radiotherapy and immunotherapy and the pulmonary toxicity were collected. According to whether radiotherapy was given before PD-1 inhibitor application, all patients were divided into the previous radiotherapy and non-radiotherapy groups. Survival analysis was performed by Kaplan- Meier method. Results:A total of 90 patients were enrolled including 39 cases in the previous radiotherapy group and 51 cases in the non-radiotherapy group. The median follow-up time was 22.9 months. The median progression-free survival (mPFS) in the previous radiotherapy group was 7.5 months (95% CI 5.4-9.5 months), significantly longer compared with 4.1 months (95% CI 3.1-5.1 months) in the non-radiotherapy group ( P=0.003). The median overall survival (mOS) significantly differed between two groups[15.2 months (95% CI 12.3-18.1 months) vs. 9.3 months (95% CI 6.1-12.5 months)]( P=0.040). The incidence of pulmonary toxicity showed no significant difference between two groups ( P=0.154). Conclusions:Patients with stage Ⅳ NSCLC patients in the previous radiotherapy group obtain significantly better mPFS and mOS and similar pulmonary toxicity compared with their counterparts in the non-radiotherapy group. Nevertheless, the findings remain to be validated by subsequent investigations with larger sample size.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of pathological fracture on the prognosis of patients with limb osteosarcoma. Methods: A computer-based online search was performed by using EMBASE, Cochrane Library, PubMed, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), Wanfang database, VIP database and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database. Relevant studies on clinical outcome of limb osteosarcoma patients with pathological fracture vs without pathological fracture were collected and the quality of the studies were assessed using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The data of the studies were abstracted. Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 12.0 software. Results: Ten studies of 2604 cases entered the Meta-analysis, including 356 cases of osteosarcoma with pathological fracture (study group) and 2248 cases of osteosarcoma without pathological fracture (control group). This Meta-analysis revealed that the patients in the study group had poor three-year overall survival (OS) [odds ratio (OR) = 2.57, 95% confidence Interval (CI): 1.54-4.29; P = 0.000) and five-year OS (OR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.05-2.34; P = 0.029) than those in the control group. Furthermore, there were significant differences in three-year event-free survival (EFS) (OR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.21-2.87; P = 0.005) and five-year EFS (OR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.16-1.99; P = 0.002) between the study group and control group. No significant difference was found in the rate of local recurrence between the two groups (P > 0.05), and there was also no significant difference in the rate of local recurrence between patients who were treated with amputation and limb salvage in pathological fracture subgroup (P > 0.05). Conclusion: This meta-analysis suggests that the prognosis of limb osteosarcoma patients with pathological fracture is more worse than that of the patients without pathological fracture. There is no higher risk in the rate of local recurrence after limb salvage in patients with pathological fracture.

BACKGROUNDTo determine the antigenicity of HGV NS5 recombinant proteins expressed in E.coli.

METHODSHGV NS5a,NS5b and core/NS5b fusion genes were cloned into pThioC vector. Three expression plasmids were transformed into JM109(DE3) competent cells then expressed with induction by IPTG. Western blot and ELISA were used to determine the antigenicity after the three recombinant proteins were purified.

RESULTSAfter identification by restriction enzyme and sequencing, it was confirmed that the expressed was target proteins espected. Purified expression proteins were found strongly immunoreactive among anti HGV positive sera by Western blot and ELISA. Compared with mixed recombinant antigen (including core, NS5a synthetic peptide and NS3 recombinant proteins), in the 22 positive sera detected with mixed antigen, 68%(15/22), 90%(20/22) and 73%(16/22) were positive by P5a,P5b and Pc?5b antigens; In the 70 negative samples with mixed antigen, 7%(5/70), 1%(1/70) and 6%(4/70) were positive by P5a, P5b and Pc?5b antigens. The positive alone was found among RTPCR positive specimen using these recombinant antigens.

CONCLUSIONSNS5 gene expressed in E.coli?which couldn't be covered with other regions of antigens was one of the essential epitopes to HGV immunologic diagnosis.

Antibodies, Viral ; blood ; Antigens, Viral ; blood ; Epitopes ; immunology ; GB virus C ; genetics ; immunology ; Humans ; Plasmids ; genetics ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; immunology ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins ; genetics ; immunology