This paper presents the determination results of 14 macro and trace elements, such as Na, K, Cl, Mg, Ca, Al, Br, Fe, Co, Zu, Se, Mn, Cr and Rb, in breast milk, cow's milk and milk powder by instrumental neutron activation analysis. A preliminary discussion about the data is given.

Objective To discuss the efficacy of minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy(MPCNL) for residual or recurrent stones in the kidney or upper ureter after open surgery.Methods A total of 46 cases of residual or recurrent stones in the kidney or upper ureter after open surgery were included in the study.A pigtail catheter was inserted into the ureter transurethrally under ureteroscope to create an artificial hydronephrosis.Then a renal fistulization,usually on middle or upper calyx,was made.The stones were identified under ureteroscope,fragmented with a pneumatic ballistic lithotriptor,and extracted by using a grasping forceps.The renal fistulization tube was indwelled for drainage.Results The stones were completely removed on one session in 20 cases(43.4%),on two sessions in 15 cases(32.6%),and three in 8 cases(17.3%).Residual stones were seen in 3 cases(6.5%),with a size of 0.1 cm ? 0.1 cm ? 0.2 cm ～ 0.5 cm ? 0.5 cm ? 0.6 cm.Stones were removed through one working channel in 18 cases(39.1%),two channels in 20 cases(43.5%),and three channels in 8(17.4%).Conclusions The MPCNL is miuimally invasive and effective in the treatment of residual or recurrent stones after open surgery.

Objective To observe the concentration of plasma endothelin (ET-1) in patients with nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy(NAION) and investigate the relationship between ET-1 and NAION. Methods The plasma levels of ET-1 in 41 patients with NAION and 15 age-matched normal control subjects were measured by radioimmuoassay (RIA). The patients with NAION were divided into high papilloedema group, light papilloedema group, and recovery group according to the degree of papilloedema; and were divided into group1 (within 14 days), 2 (within 15-30 days), 3 (within 31-60 days), and 4 (within 61-180 days) according to the disease course. The plasma levels of ET-1 in different groups were detected and compared. Results The plasma level of ET-1 in patients with NAION was significantly higher than that in the normal subjects ( t=5.02,P

Objective To study the role of schizophrenia health education in intervening relapse of schizophrenia. Method 78 patients with schizaphrenia have been intervened by useing SHE about their staying in hospital and conditions out of hospitals after having recovered for three years, then compared with 85 schizophrenics receiving no SHE. Result It was clear that general rate of relapse in the study group was significantly lower than that of the control group. The patients obey medication and recovery of social function in the study group were significanly better than that in the controlgroup. Conclusion The SHE plays an important role in intervening relapse of schizophrenia and improving complete rehabilitation of schizophrenic.

Objective To investigate the changes of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA)function, volume of the hypothalamic, pituitary and adrenal glands in elderly patients with depression. Methods Twenty-five cases of elderly patients with depression and 19 healthy elderly patients were enrolled into the patient group and the healthy control group, respectively. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the level of the main hormone related with HPA axis in blood. The low dose dexamethasone suppression test was used to assessassessment the negative feedback regulation of HPA axis. The volume of the hypothalamus, pituitary and adrenal glands were determined by the magnetic resonance imaging. Results The Beck Depression Scale (BDI-II) and Montgomerie Rating Scale (MADRs) score of the elderly depression patients were significantly higher than those in the healthy control group (P < 0.01). The values of main hormone related with HPA axis in the patient group, such as CRH, ACTH and CORT, were higher than those in the healthy control group (P<0.01). The non- suppression rate of low dose dexamethasone suppression test in the patient group was significantly higher than that in the healthy control group (P < 0.05). The hypothalamus, pituitary and adrenal gland volume of patients group were 4.7%, 18.3% and 17.5% ,respectively. Significant the differences of pituitary and adrenal volume were observed between two groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion The levels of main hormone related with HPA axis in the elderly patients with depression were significantly increased, the non-suppression rate of low dose dexamethasone suppression test was also increased. Meanwhile, the volume of pituitary and adrenal gland in the elderly patients with depression increased.

Objective To determine the role of nuclear factor-?B(NF-?B) in ischemic acute renal failure (ARF) rats. Methods Gel mobility shift assay was used to detect the DNA binding activity of NF-KB in ischemic ARF rats and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was used to study the expression of renal inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) . The relationship between DNA binding activity of NF-?B and expression of iNOS was also analyzed. Results The DNA binding activity of NF-?B in renal cortex increased from 1.00 ?0.17 of controls to 3. 67 ? 1. 94 of 6 hours after ischemia-reperfusion ( P

Objective To investigate the relationship between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) activity and choroidal thickness,and evaluate the utility of a choroidal thickness measurement in assessing IBD activity.Methods A total of 100 eyes of 50 patients of IBD with different disease activity,including 23 patients of ulcerative colitis,27 patients of Crohn's disease (CD).Ninety-six eyes of 48 healthy volunteers were recruited as control group.Choroidal thickness was measured using enhanced depth imaging(EDI)optical coherence tomography.Results Compared with the subfoveal choroidal thickness (294.37 ± 35.04) μm in healthy volunteers,the subfoveal choroidal thickness (349.28 ± 76.57) μm in UC patients with severe disease activity,the subfoveal choroidal thickness (326.71 ± 59.71) μm and (354.24 ± 66.34) μm,respectively,in CD patients with moderate and severe disease activity were found to be increased significantly (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Choroidal thickness should be considered as a potential marker to assess the disease activity in patients with IBD,especially in patients with CD.

Objective To analyze the patterns of amino acid changes in liver failure patients treated with non-bioartificial liver support system (ALSS), and to explore the efficacy of ALSS in liver failure treatment. Methods A total of 146 liver failure patients treated with ALSS from June 2009 to August 2010 were recruited in this study. Paired blood samples were collected from every patient and serum amino acids and ammonia were tested by automatic amino acid analyzer. The changes of amino acids in patients with different prognoses, different types/phases of liver failure were evaluated.Measurement data were compared by paired t test. Results After ALSS treatment, liver failure patients experienced a significant decrease in serum glutamic acid and lysine [(395.62±200.24)μmol/Lvs (260. 05±169.56) μmol/L and (436. 73±326. 18)μmol/L vs (407. 12±292.01) μmol/L,respectively; t= 8. 611 and 2. 659, respectively; both P＜0.01)], while experienced greatly increases in threonine and branched-chain amino acids/aromatic amino acid ratio [( 1302. 90 ±1288.70) μmol/L vs (1406.70 ±1272. 34) μmol/L and 1. 23 ± 0. 53 vs 1. 36 ± 0.57, respectively; t = 2. 895 and 1. 061,respectively; both P＜0. 01)]. The changes of glutamic acid, tyrosine, arginine and methionine before and after ALSS treatment in patients with different prognoses, different types/phases of liver failure were all significantly different. Conclusions ALSS treatment could improve the serum amino acid disorder in liver failure patients. The amino acids in patients with different types/phases or different prognoses of liver failure change significantly after ALSS treatment.

Objective To systemically assess impact on postoperative outcomes after red blood cell transfusion(RBCT) in coronary artery bypass graft surgey.Methods A meta-analysis was performed on the comparison and synthesis of findings from included studies published from January 1980 to January 2014.Pooled odds ratio(OR) and 95 ％ confidence interval(CI) were calculated using RevManS.3 software.Sensitivity analysis was conducted and possible publication bias was tested as well.Results Seven retrospective studies including 71 228 patients(33 872 RBCT cases,37 356 control cases) were eligible for inclusion.The pooled analysis revealed difference in the 30-day mortality OR =1.85 (95％ CI:1.35-2.54),1-year mortality OR =2.02 (95 ％ CI:1.44-2.84),shock OR =2.92 (95 ％ CI:1.96-4.35),renal dysfunction OR =7.67 (95 ％ CI:1.44-40.94),mediastinitis OR =2.26 (95 ％ CI:1.72-2.97),and myocardial infarction OR =3.53 (95 ％ CI:2.89-4.29).Conclusion Perioperative RBCT can incresase the risk of postoperative mortality and complications in coronary artery bypass graft surgey.High-quality randomized case cohort studies are still needed for the further proof of the risk.

Objective To investigate the mechanism and clinical characteristics of rapid spontaneous resolution of acute subdural hematoma in children. Methods The clinical data of 9 children with rapid spontaneous resolution of acute subdural hematoma were retrospective analyzed. Results Subdural hematoma of three cases were completely dissolved within 8 h, while those of the other 6 cases were significantly reduced which were completely dissolved in 48-72 h. Conclusions Rapid spontaneous resolution of acute subdural hematoma in children is rare in clinical practice. The redistribution and dilution of hematoma and the anatomical characteristics of the children patient determine the possibility of hematoma dissipation. The conservative treatment can get a good prognosis.