Objective To analyze the patterns of amino acid changes in liver failure patients treated with non-bioartificial liver support system (ALSS), and to explore the efficacy of ALSS in liver failure treatment. Methods A total of 146 liver failure patients treated with ALSS from June 2009 to August 2010 were recruited in this study. Paired blood samples were collected from every patient and serum amino acids and ammonia were tested by automatic amino acid analyzer. The changes of amino acids in patients with different prognoses, different types/phases of liver failure were evaluated.Measurement data were compared by paired t test. Results After ALSS treatment, liver failure patients experienced a significant decrease in serum glutamic acid and lysine [(395.62±200.24)μmol/Lvs (260. 05±169.56) μmol/L and (436. 73±326. 18)μmol/L vs (407. 12±292.01) μmol/L,respectively; t= 8. 611 and 2. 659, respectively; both P＜0.01)], while experienced greatly increases in threonine and branched-chain amino acids/aromatic amino acid ratio [( 1302. 90 ±1288.70) μmol/L vs (1406.70 ±1272. 34) μmol/L and 1. 23 ± 0. 53 vs 1. 36 ± 0.57, respectively; t = 2. 895 and 1. 061,respectively; both P＜0. 01)]. The changes of glutamic acid, tyrosine, arginine and methionine before and after ALSS treatment in patients with different prognoses, different types/phases of liver failure were all significantly different. Conclusions ALSS treatment could improve the serum amino acid disorder in liver failure patients. The amino acids in patients with different types/phases or different prognoses of liver failure change significantly after ALSS treatment.

Objective To evaluate the effect of ischemic postconditioning on myocardial injury in the patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).Methods Thirty patients of both sexes,aged 21-59 yr,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ (New York Heart Association Ⅱ or Ⅲ),with left ventricular ejection fraction ≥ 40％,scheduled for elective cardiac valve replacement under CPB,were divided into 2 groups (n=15 each) using a random number table:control group (C group) and ischemic postconditioning group (P group).In group P,ischemic postconditioning was induced by 3 cycles of 30 s aortic unclamping followed by 30 s cross-clamping starting from 5 min before complete opening of the ascending aorta.After induction of anesthesia and before operation (T1),at 1 h after opening of the ascending aorta (T2),at the end of operation (T3),and at 12,24 and 48 h after opening of the ascending aorta (T4-6),blood samples were taken from the radial artery for determination of plasma concentrations of heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP),ischemia-modified albumin (IMA),and cardiac troponin Ⅰ (cTnI).Myocardial specimens in the right auricle were obtained at T2,and the pathological changes were examined using an optical microscope.Results The concentrations of plasma cTnI at T2-6 and H-FABP and IMA at T2-5 were significantly higher than those at T1 in the two groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group C,the concentrations of plasma cTnI at T2-6,H-FABP at T2-4,and IMA at T2,3 were significantly decreased (P＜0.05),and the pathological changes of myocardial tissues were significantly reduced in group P.Conclusion Ischemic postconditioning can reduce myocardial injury in the patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement under CPB.

Objective To explore the effect of inhaled iloprost (Ventavis) for patients with congenital heart disease associated with pulmonary hypertension.Methods Twenty-two patients with congenital heart disease associated with pulmonary hypertension were selected to inhale Ventsvis by atomizer before surgery ,the required dosage is 25-30ng/(kg.min),aerosolization of iloprest was inhaled by PARI Junior BOY N after diluted with 2ml physiological saline at 3-hour intervals .The change of hemodynamic effects was measured by Doppler ultrasonography after 60min,120min,and 180min.Results The left and fight vemfieular cardiac output at 60min,120min and 180rain after therapy were markedly higher than that before inhaled iloprost ,respirator therapy time was shorter in patients inhaled iloprost.Conclusion inhaled iloprost can increase cardiac output and improve patients cardiac function.Thus,the therapy with inhaled iloprost is effective and feasible.

Objective To research the thickness of adults frontal bones in many parts and analyze the mean-ing. Methods We chose 130 dry skulls of the Chinese people including 70 male skulls and 60 female skulls and ver-tically devided the frontal bones according the devidement of the superciliary arch into 4 parts on average. Then we measured the thickness of the frontal squama,the frontal tuber,the forehead and temple,the superciliary arch,the or-bital surface and the frontal sinus using the ruler, vernier caliper and protractor. Results We got the thickness of the frontal squama,the frontal tuber,the forehead and temple,the superciliary arch,the orbital surface and the frontal si-nus and calculated the average datas. What's more,besides the thickness of the frontal tuber,forehead and temple,the superciliary arch had statistical significance(P < 0.05) between males and females, other parts of the frontal bones had no statistical significance(P>0. 05). Conclusion We measured the thickness of the frontal squama,the frontal tu-ber,the forehead and temple,the superciliary arch,the orbital surface and the frontal sinus and the datas will had good guiding roles to our department's work.

Objective To investigate the relationship between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) activity and choroidal thickness,and evaluate the utility of a choroidal thickness measurement in assessing IBD activity.Methods A total of 100 eyes of 50 patients of IBD with different disease activity,including 23 patients of ulcerative colitis,27 patients of Crohn's disease (CD).Ninety-six eyes of 48 healthy volunteers were recruited as control group.Choroidal thickness was measured using enhanced depth imaging(EDI)optical coherence tomography.Results Compared with the subfoveal choroidal thickness (294.37 ± 35.04) μm in healthy volunteers,the subfoveal choroidal thickness (349.28 ± 76.57) μm in UC patients with severe disease activity,the subfoveal choroidal thickness (326.71 ± 59.71) μm and (354.24 ± 66.34) μm,respectively,in CD patients with moderate and severe disease activity were found to be increased significantly (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Choroidal thickness should be considered as a potential marker to assess the disease activity in patients with IBD,especially in patients with CD.

BACKGROUND: There are various methods to observe and detect early angiogenesis in the process of entochondrostosis, but each holds certain deficiencies.OBJECTIVE: To explore the possibility of tetracycline and alizarin complexone as an indirect marker ofangiogenesis in the process of entochondrostosis.METHODS: New Zealand white rabbit models of bilateral radial bone defects were prepared, followed by β-tricalcium phosphate implantation, and then given the injection of tetracycline and alizarin complexone at 1 and 15 days,respectively. Samples were collected at 28 days, some of which were observed using fluorescence/light microscope after ink perfusion and hard tissue slicing, and the others were decalcified and observed using immunohistochemistry. The uniformity between lumen structures labeled with bone affinity fluorescein and vascular structures marked by immunohistochemistry and ink perfusion was compared.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The lumen structure labeled with bone affinity fluorescein was confirmed to be a CD34 positive vascular structure. Under the fluorescence microscope, the bone affinity fluorescein labeled vascular morphology was consistent with ink perfusion-labeled, and black ink lines could be observed in the lumen structures labeled with bone affinity fluorescein after ink perfusion. In addition, the color of the lumen labeled with fluorescein was more gorgeous,three-dimensional structure more vivid, and the vascular evolution process distinguished more easily by different fluorescein colors, exhibiting unique advantages. Therefore, it is available to detect the early angiogenesis in the process of entochondrostosis.

Objective To explore and evaluate the effects of participatory teaching approach in the teaching of medical research methods. Methods The students of clinical medicine of Grade 2007 who took the elective course of medical scientific research method were taken as traditional teaching group, taught by teachers only, while the students of clinical medicine of Grade 2008 and 2009 as participatory teaching group, adopting the way of teachers' lectures and students' participation. At the end of the course, the questionnalre survey method combining interviews was used to investigate the teaching effectiveness, using descriptive analysis and chi-square test to compare the effectiveness between the traditional teaching methods and the participatory teaching methods. Results Compared with the traditional 'teachers centered' method, the 'participatory teaching approach' had better teach-ing results. Through the study of this course, 54 students (42.9%) learned how to conduct scientific research topics, 44 students (34.9%) mastered the design of the questionnalre, 59 students (46.8%) enhanced their ability of data analysis. Students' learning motivation and satisfaction were higher, and 117 student's participation (92.8%) were satisfied with the curriculum setting. Conclusion In medical research method teaching, the effect of participatory teaching method teaching is superior to the tradi-tional teaching method, and students' motivation and satisfaction are higher.

Objective To evaluate the effects of ulinastatin on cardiac function in heart valve replacement patients with cardio-pulmonary bypass (CPB).Methods 120 patients received valve replacements were divided into 4 groups at random.Group U 1,preconditioning group:ulinastatin parenteral solution (20 000 U/kg) was injected into the central veins for 10 min before the ascending aorta was clamped.Group U2,postconditioning group:ulinastatin ( 10 000 U/kg) was injected into the aortic root for 5 min before the aortic clamp was opened.Group U3,combined the treatments of group U1 and group U2.Group C was served as control without using ulinastatin.The ST-T of ECG at different 8 time points was recorded from preanesthesia to the end of operation.The dosage of vasoactive agents in the 4 groups was recorded after the aortic clamp was opened.Blood samples were taken from the radial artery at 4 time points during 1O min before the ascending aorta was clamed to the end of operation for determining the serum concentration of H-FABP,IMA,CK-MB,MDA and SOD.The changes in myocardium were examined by microscope.Results The automatic reheating rate of heart in group U1,group U2,and group U3 were 70％,73％ and 90％ respectively,which were all higher than group C (33％) after the aortic clamp was opened in 3 -5 min.The scores of reperfusion arrhythmia,change of ST segments in ECG ( elevation or depression),the dosage of vasoactive drugs ( dopamine and adrenaline) and their using time,the concentration of MDA,H-FABP,IMA and CK-MB in group U1 and group U2 were ＜ than those of group C ( P ＜0.05 ),but was ＞ than those of group U3 ( P ＜0.05 ).The activity of SOD in group U1 and group U2 were ＞ than those of group C ( P ＜ 0.05 ),but was ＜ than those of group U3 ( P ＜ 0.05 ).There were no significant differences between group U1 and group U2( P ＞0.05 ).The myocardium in group C had focal coagulative necrosis.The damage of myocardium in group U3 was minor,the cytoplasm and nucleus was homogeneous,and the boundaries were distinct.Conclusion Ulinastatin parenteral solution preconditioning and postconditioning could improve heart function after valves replacement on CPB.The protective effects were not significantly different regarding ulinastati was administered into the central veins before the ascending aorta was clamped vs.it was injected into the aortic root before the aortic clamp opening.Combined these 2 administration methods and dosages could produce collaborative protection.

Objective To summarize the surgical experience of surgical management for aortic dissection aneurysm. Methods A total of 265 patients with aortic dissection aneurysm were treated with surgical management and the surgi-cal approach were chosen according to the condition. Results There were 170 cases Stanford A ADAs and 95 Stanford B patients. After following-up for 6 to 12 months, of which 19 and 3 cases died, respectively, and in the survivals, whose CTA displayed artificial vessel were unobstructed,the endovascular stents were fixed well.The heart function re-covered to Ⅱ-Ⅰ stage. Conclusion Surgery is an important method to save the patients with aortic dissection a-neurysm,the choice of surgical procedures depend on the location of intimal tear of aortic dissection. Proper surgical indication,technique and brain protections are the key factors of aortic dissection surgery. EVGE is a minimally inva-sive,effective,safe surgery in treating Stanford type B aortic dissection aneurysm.

OBJECTIVE To explore the causal relationship of circulating cytokines and sensorineural deafness by Mendelian randomization.METHODS Large-scale genome-wide association studies(GWAS)data sets based on UK Biobank were used to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP)associated with exposure and outcome.The SNP(F>10)significantly associated with exposure data(P<5e-6)and strongly associated with exposure in the F statistic was selected as the instrumental variable for a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis.The causal effect was estimated using MR-Egger,regression and inverse variance weighting(IVW).Sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the robustness of the results.RESULTS This study confirmed that VEGF(OR=1.04,95%CI:1.01-1.07,P=0.00),SDF-1α(OR=1.10,95%CI:1.02-1.18,P=0.01)and IL-13(OR=1.04,95%CI:1.01-1.06,P=0.01),IL-10(OR=1.06,95%CI:1.02-1.11,P=0.01),IL-7(OR=1.05,95%CI:1.01-1.08,P=0.00)increased the risk of sensorineural deafness.The backward analysis did not find that sensorineural deafness significantly affected the levels of these cytokines.No significant heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy was observed among the instrumental variables.CONCLUSION This study reveals a positive correlation between elevated levels of VEGF,SDF-1α,IL-13,IL-10,and IL-7 with sensorineural hearing loss,providing novel targets for further development of biomarkers for the prediction,treatment,and prevention of sensorineural hearing loss.