Objective To analyze the usage of antibiotics after renovation in the use of this present situation and existing problems of pediatrics.Methods By application of our self-developed analyzing system for the clinical use of antibacterial agents,the prescriptions of pediatric outpatient in 2012 was studied retrospectively and their rationality was evaluated.Results The antibiotic prescription rate was 37.7％ in pediatric outpatient and emergency in our hospital,their were 26 antibacterial agents in clinic use which were involved in 6 pharmacological group.The defined daily dose(DDD) analysis was adopted and the results have shown that macrolides (42.20％),cephalosporins (35.90％) and penicillins (20.90％) were the most prescribed antibiotics and most of them were oral medicines (72.2％) and non restrictive drug (61.0％).The antibacterial agents' s combination therapy rate was 2.4％.Irrational use of drugs mainly include the wrong way of administration (78.0％),application of antibiotics with no indications (21.3％) and irrational combined use of antibiotics (0.5％).Conclusion The application of antibiotics in our hospital pediatric basic structure reasonable,but there are still improper usage and dosage,no indication of medicine,etc.It is necessary to further improve and perfect the use and management of antimicrobial agents.

This infant cereal chiefly consisted of rice meal, fullfat milk powder, rice germ and dried yeast, and fortified with ferrous lactate and calcium carbonate. This mixture contained 14.1% protein, 8.6% fat, 64.3% carbohydrate, 750mg% calcium, 10mg% iron, 1.0mg% zinc and proper amount of various kinds of vitamins.1. Growth test; 84 weaning SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups:(A) Infant cereal group;(B) Control I; (C) Control II; (A') Infant cereal group; (B') Control I; (D) Casein group. The latter three groups contained 10% protein which were designed for calculating PER. All these different preparations were fed to 6 groups for 4 weeks. The results showed that the body weight gain, the FE, CE and PER were not significantly different between group A and B but there were significant difference between group A and C. The Hb was increased from 11.76g% ( ) and 11.46g%() to 14.30g% and 14.46g% respectively in group A. The bones developed well and no decalcification occured.2.Nitrogen balance test:(A). Infant cereal group; (B) Control I. The results indicated that the TD, BV and NPU of group A were 98.08%, 85.73% and 84.09% and of group B were 97.81%, 87.51% and 85.59% respectively. Both groups obtained the results of positive nitrogen balance, no significant statistical difference. The contents of hepatic and body nitrogen of two groups were also not significantly different.These data demonstrate that this infant cereal is able to promote the growth of weanling rats, to retain positive body nitrogen and to prevent the occurrence of anemia and rickets.