The overexpression of P-glycoprotein(P-gp)and its coding gene mdrl is regarded as the classic mechanism of muhidrug resistance(MDR).Recent studies find that pregnane X receptor(PXR)can mediate the expression of P-gp.It is confirmed that PXR can also inhibit apoptosis of tumor cells.Therefore,preventing the activation of PXR specifically may be a new method to prevent MDR.

Objective:To observe the changes of c-jun expression in the monkey's temporalis muscles induced by stress reaction under +Gx loads.Methods:Nine male Rhesus macaques were randomly divided into four groups according to Gx loads and its lasting time:control group was exposed to +1 Gx/300 s overloads(n=2),and experimental groups 1(n=2),2(n=2)and 3(n=3)were exposed to +15 Gx/200 s,+21 Gx/165 s or +21 Gx/140 s respectively.Temporalis muscles tissue was fixed with 40 g/L buffered formaldehyde and embedded in paraffin.Histopathological changes were observed under light microscope.The expression of c-jun was detected by immunohistochemical PicTureTM method in the temporalis muscles.Results:Gross and histological analyses showed that no significant pathological changes in the temporalis muscles in different experimental groups.Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that c-jun was over-expressed in the nuclei of the muscles in the experimental groups,while negative or slight positive staining was observed in the nuclei of muscles in control animals.There was no obvious difference of c-jun expression in different experimental groups.Conclusion:Overload gravity can induce enhanced expression of c-jun in temporalis muscles of the monkeys received +Gx loads.

24 h)with VAS ranging from 5-9 points.There was no occurrence of severe complications such as infection or shoulder malfunction.[Conclusion]The technique of glenohumeral joint injection without any guidance through modified Nevaiser approach is highly accurate.No complication was noted.This thechnique be widely used in glenohumeral joint injection.

High intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU) is a technique that ultrasound energy is focused on tumor target to function the treatment through the biological effects including heating effect, cavitation effect and mechanical effect of body to caused cell coagulation necrosis in vivo. Ultrasound contrast agent is one of the most important applicational agent for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). We discussed in this paper the application of ultrasound contrast agent in the diagnose and focusing of target before the treatment and the assesement of treatment of HCC. Considering the enhancement of cavitation effect, better acoustic environment that enhance biological efficacy of HIFU during the treatment of HCC, ultrasound contrast agent is drawing more attention as an HIFU enhancement agent.

Cancer stem cells are a kind of cancer cell group with the ability of self-renewal and various diferentiation potentials.Recent studies have implicated that they play a significant role in tumor formation,metastasis,resistance to anticancer therapies and cancer recurrenee.Many studies show that microRNAs are involved in the maintenance,growth and behavior of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs),paving a new way for diagnosis,prognosis and therapy of breast cancer.

Objective To observe the effects of basic fibroblast growth factor on c-fos gene expression in spinal cord neurons of rats after tractive spinal cord injury. Methods The animal model of SD rats with tractive spinal cord injury was established through tracting T_ 13-L_2 spine longitudinally with a special spinal tractor that was put on parapophysis of T_ 12-L_3 vertebrae after exposing T_ 13-L_2 spinal cord via dual laminectomy, meanwhile spinal cord function was monitored by cortical somatosensory evoked potential (CSEP). Forty model rats were randomly divided into 2 groups, the bFGF treatment group (n=20) with bFGF injection into the subarachnoid cavity and the control group (n=20) with saline injection. Five SD rats without any treatment served as normal control. The c-fos gene expression was detected with immunohistochemistry and analyzed quantitatively with image system of computer. Results The c-fos gene expression in tractive spinal cord injury was higher than that in normal control group, especially increased markedly in damaged neurons. The peak value of c-fos gene appeared in 2 h after the injury, but c-fos level in the bFGF treatment group was lower evidently than that in the control group at the different sacrificed time (P

Objective The individualized treatment of breast cancer have attracted more and more attention .Different mo-lecular subtypes of breast cancer have different kinds of prognosis and therapeutic regimen .Studies have found that miR-342-3p is asso-ciated with breast cancer of hormone receptor and endocrine therapy resistance , as well as tumor cell apoptosis .This study was to fur-ther investigate the expressions of miR-342-3p in different breast cancer molecular subtypes and breast cancer cell lines to reveal the importance of miR-342-3p in individualized treatment of breast cancer . Methods A total of 90 tissue samples from patients with breast cancer surgery were collected .Three types of breast cancer cell line were cultured , including MCF-7, SKBr3 and MDA-MB-231.Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was applied to detect the expression of miR-342-3p in breast cancer tissue . Results Expression of the miR-342-3p increased the most in Lumina B type breast cancer tissue (1.594 ±0.465), followed by Lumina A type (1.386 ±0.443), Her-2 high expression type (1.165 ±0.337), and the lowest in the tripe negative breast cancer tissue (0.837 ± 0.351), representing significant difference (P<0.05).There was no statistical difference in the expression of the miR-342-3p as to different age groups, lymph node metastasis and tumor size, histological grading and staging (P>0.05).As to the expression of miR-342-3p in three types of breast cancer cell line , taking SKBr3 as the reference, the relative ratio was 126(118-134) and MDA-MB-231 was 0.017(0.014-0.018). Conclusion The expressions of miR-342-3p are different in different molecular subtypes and cell lines of breast cancer , which are relevant to different molecular subtypes of breast cancer , making it possible reference index for breast cancer typing and relevant to good prognosis .

Objective To investigate the compliance with endocrine therapy(ET) and assess the factors associated with treatment accuracy for breast cancer.Methods 379 patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer undergoing complete treatment from Jun.2006 to Jun.2008 in Jiangsu Cancer Hospital were followed up.Factors related to compliance were analyzed.Results Among the 322 (85.0％) patients successfully interviewed,15 (4.7％) patients did not receive ET,43 (13.4％) patients stopped taking drugs after discharge,14 (4.3％)patients had intermittent ET,and the rest 250 patients obeyed 5-year oral ET regularly.The treatment accuracy was 77.6％ (250/332).We found that majority of withdraw occurred within 2 months and within 2 years,accounting for 39.5％ and 48.8％,respectively.Job and education status were relevant to these patients.Moreover,too much concern of adverse drug effects and difficulty of long-term medication were the main reasons to noncompliance.Conclusions ET is effective in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer patients and has been used as a conventional therapy.However,due to the long therapeutic period and lack of medical supervision after discharge,its treatment accuracy and compliances are becoming low,resulting in decreased efficiency.It is therefore necessary to investigate such patients' management to improve the compliance and treatment accuracy of ET.

Objective To analyze the concentration changes of insulin and c peptide of in portal vein and peripheral blood, and explore the feasibility of using insulin and c peptide concentration changes in assessment of liver function. Methods The portal vein and peripheral blood samples were extracted from 82 clinical liver cancer patients, and the insulin and c peptide concentration were detected. The differences in the insulin and c peptide concentration in portal vein and peripheral blood were statistically analyzed. Results The insulin concentration in the portal vein and peripheral blood values were 32.43 μ U/ml and 8.05 μ U/ml, respectively, there was a significant difference (P<0.05) . The c-peptide concentration in the portal vein and peripheral blood values were 1.38 μU/mL and 1.19 μg U/mL, respectively, there was no significant differences (P>0.05) . Conclusion Liver metabolizes insulin as the target organ of insulin, while c-peptide dose not be metabolized in vivo, so it is possible to assess liver function by comparative analysis of the metabolic rate of insulin and c-peptide changes.

AIM: To investigate the expression of ICAM-1 mRNA in hepatic sinusoidal cells (HSCs) during liver ischemia-reperfusion injury and its effects. METHODS: Three groups of rabbit livers experiencing ischemia for 15, 30 and 60 minutes respectively, and reperfusion for 60 minutes were conducted. The hepatic ICAM-1 mRNA expression was observed and leukocytes in hepatic sinus were counted. RESULTS: The lower expression of ICAM-1 mRNA showed in HSCs before reperfusion. Besides, leukocyte counts could no change. However, the more expression of ICAM-1 mRNA was found at the point of 60 minutes reperfusion. Furthermore, the higher expression of ICAM-1 mRNA showed in the more prolonged ischemic liver. Meanwhile, there was significant positive correlation between ICAM-1 mRNA contents and leukocyte counts. CONCLUSION: The high ICAM-1 mRNA expression induced by hepatic ischemia in HSCs increased adherence of HSCs and sequestrated more leukocytes in liver.