Objective To investigate the effect of infrasound on the growth of bone marrow mescenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and seek the most reasonable duration for using infrasound. Methods The primary BMSCs were obtained from Sprague-Dawley rats through whole bone marrow adherent cultivation.The cells of passage 3 were divided into trial groups treated with infrasound for 10 min,30 min or 60 min,and control groups which were not treated with infrasound but exposed to air for the same durations.The vitality of cell proliferation was measured using the CCK8 method.Apoptosis and the cell cycle were analysed with flow cytometry (FACS). Results After cultivation for 72 h,the optical density (OD) values for BMSCs treated with infrasound for 10 min,30 min and 60 min were 1.480 ± 0.030,1.348 ± 0.030,1.493 ± 0.030 respectively and after 96 h they were 1.774 ± 0.030,1.731 ± 0.030 and 1.833 ± 0.030.All of which were significantly greater than in the control groups ( 1.479 ± 0.030,1.267 ±0.030 and 1.227 ± 0.030 after 72 h and 1.567 ± 0.030,1.563 ± 0.030 and 1.632 ± 0.030 after 96 h).With the extension of the treatment duration,the OD values of the BMSCs increased or increased after decreasing,and the OD value for BMSCs treated with infrasound for 60 min was the highest.The FACS results indicated no effect of infrasound on apoptosis of BMSCs when the treatment duration was 30 min,but that cell apoptosis could be inhibited when the treatment duration was 10 min or 60 min.The early phase apoptosis rates were 1.07％ ± 0.12％ and 0.97％ ±0.21％ in the trial groups treated for 10 min and 60 min respectively,and 1.43％ ± 0.06％ and 3.33％ ± 0.15％ in the respective control groups,a highly significant difference.The results of cell cycle analysis showed infrasound could disturb the cell division of BMSCs significantly when the treatment duration was less than 30 min,but there was no significant effect when the treatment duration was 60 min. Conclusions Infrasound can promote cell proliferation and disturb cell division,but it did not cause apoptosis of BMSCs.When the treatment duration was 60 min,cell proliferation improved steadily,the apoptosis rate decreased,and the cell cycle did not change.So 60 min is the most reasonable treatment duration for infrasound.

Objective To explore the clinical feature and treatment method of the dopa responsive dystonia (DRD).Methods To observe the clinical manifestation,auxiliary test and the response on the treatment of levodopa in 6 patients from 4 families.Results 1 patient for childhood onset and 2 patients for adolescent onset with DRD, first symptom showed leg dystonia and toe walking with difficulty, whereas 3 patients of adult onset showed tremor and rigidity. Babinski sign was presented in 3 cases. Diurnal fluctuation in symptom severity occurred in all cases. All patients had obvious response to small dose levodopa in 1～6 days. In 2 cases, the effect was maintained for 7 years, without increasing the intake of levodopa.Conclusion The clinical feature of DRD was more remarkable,the therapeutic effectiveness of levodopa was rapid,sustained and obvious.

)0.05).Conclusions There is a predominant expression of Th_2-type cytokines in PBMC in PD patients. Abnormal immune function is one of the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of PD.

Objective To investigate the effects of soybean isoflavones on cognition and expression of NMDA receptor (NR2B) subtype in hippocampus in Alzheimer's disease (AD) rats induced by amyloid ?-peptide 25-35(A? 25-35).Methods 60 female Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: model group, low dose of soybean isoflavone treatment group, high dose of soybean isoflavone treatment group, estrogen group and control group. AD models were made by injection A? 25-35 into bilateral hippocampus and normal saline was used in control group. Different dose of soybean isoflavone and estrogen were administered in soybean isoflavone treatment groups and estrogen treatment group for 18 d, respectively. The praxiology of rats was assessed by Morris water maze and the expression of NR2B in hippocampus was detected by immunohistochemistry method.Results Compared with control group,the learning and memory ability of model group obviously damaged and the expression of NR2B in hippocampus decreased (all P

Objective To investigate the influence of aerobic exercise on the vulnerability of atherosclerotic plaques and to observe the concentration of matrix metalloproteinase-9 ( MMP-9 ) and matrix metalloproteinase-14(MMP-14) in carotid atherosclerotic plaques in apolipoprotein E (APoE) gene deficient mice.Methods Eighty male, APoE gene deficient mice were divided into two equal groups: an aerobic exercise group and a limited action control group. Carotid atherosclerotic lesions were induced by perivascular constrictive collars placed on the right common carotid artery. Blood lipid levels in the exercise group were measured after 8 weeks of treadmill running and also in the control group. The morphological characteristics of carotid atherosclerotic plaques were observed in the two groups. Plaque area and fibrous cap thickness were measured. Lipid and collagen positive areas were quantified and the ratios correlated with the entimal areas were calculated. Plaque rupture rate and vulnerable index were calculated.Immunostaining was used to detect MMP-9 and MMP-14 expression in the atherosclerotic plaques. The mRNA levels of MMP-9 and MMP-14 mRNA in the fresh carotid plaques were quantified using a real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Western blotting was performed for examining MMP-9 and MMP-14 protein expression in the fresh carotid plaques.Results No significant difference in serum lipid profiles or plaque area was found between the exercise and control groups. Compared with the control group, mean fibrous cap thickness, cap/core ratio and collagen content were all significantly higher in the exercise group, and lipid content was significantly lower. Plaque rupture rate and the vulnerable index were both significantly lower in the exercise group. Immunostaining showed that MMP-9 and MMP-14 expression were lower in the exercise group compared with the control group.The mRNA expression of MMP-9 and MMP-14 was also significantly lower.Conclusions Aerobic exercise can decrease the expression of MMP-9 and MMP-14 in carotid atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE gene deficient mice. Aerobic exercise may play a role in forestalling atherosclerosis by increasing the stability of plaque and decreasing plaque vulnerability.

Objective To discuss the characteristics of renal cell carcinoma with regional lymph node metastasis at diagnosis. Methods The data of 19 patients diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma with regional lymph node metastases at diagnosis from January 2004 to December 2008 were reviewed.The median age was 57 years (29-77).The study group included 15 males and four females.The primary tumor was located in the left kidney in 12 patients and fight in seven patients.The median maximam diameter of retroperitoneal lymph nodes was 2.8 cm(1.5-5.0).The lymph nodes in four patients were not detected by the preoperative image examination,but were confirmed by intraoperative exploration.Eleven cases had enlarged retroperitoneal lymph nodes resected and eight had regional lymph nodes dissected. Results The patients with regional lymph node metastases at diagnosis of renal celI carcinoma accounted for 1.6% (19/1213) of the total renal cell carcinoma cases.With a median follow-up of 34 months,six patients were survival without progression,and seven were survival with progression.giving a 5-year survival rate of 68.4%.The survival and recurrence rates after surgery were not significantly different by Fisher test(P=0.644 and 0.319 respectively) between the patients who underwent retroperitoneal regional lymph node dissection and those who underwent enlarged lymph node resection. Condmiom Renal cell carcinoma with regional lymph node metastasis at diagnosis is uncommon.Some patients may achieve long-term tumor-free survival through regional lymph node dissection or enlarged Iymph nodes resection.

Objective To investigate the effects of rhG-CSF on the improvement of cognitive impairment and anti-apoptosis of Alzheimer disease (AD) induced by Aβ1-42 in rat. Methods Healthy male Wistarirats were randomly assigned to the Aβ group, treatment group and sham operation group. Aβ1-42 (10μg) was injected into bilateral hippocampus to create the rat model of AD. Rats in rhG-CSF group were subcutaneously subjected to 50μg/(kg · d) rhG-CSF for 5 days, while rats in Aβ group were subjected to normal saline. Morris water maze tests were done and expressions of caspase-3 protein were determined by immunohistochemical method on the 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th day after administration. Results (1) The avoiding latent periods of rhG-CSF group ( ( 34. 33 ±6. 47 ) s, (42. 08 ± 6. 36 ) s, (46. 88 ± 7. 66 ) s, respectively ) were shorter than that of Ap group ((49.79 ±4.87)s, (50.25 ±6.81 )s, (51. 33 ±6.90)s, respectively). The percentages of swimming distances in the target quadrant in rhG-CSF group ( (41.00 ±7.62)% ,(43.33 ±8. 16)% ,(44. 67 ±8.07)% ,respectively) were increased comparing with Ap group((25.33 ±6.89)% , (23. 83 ±4.67)% ,(21.50 ±4.64)% ,respectively). The differences were all statistically significant (P<0.05). (2) Compared with sham operation group,the positive rate of caspase-3 protein in rat's hippocampus of Ap group significantly increased after injecting Aβ1-42 The positive rates of caspase-3 protein in rhG-CSF group on the 7th, 14th day ( (7. 93 ±6. 33) and (8. 83 ±5. 94) were lower than Aβ group ( ( 10.43 ±7. 16) and ( 11. 34 ± 5. 17 ) . The differences were statistically significant (P< 0.05). Conclusion RhG-CSF can improve the cognitive impairment of Alzheimer Disease (AD) induced by Aβ1-42 in rat, decrease the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons and delay the decline of its learning and memory ability to some extent.

Objective To study the character of multiple primary malignant neoplasms (MPMN) in patients with bladder cancer.Methods From 1958 to 1998,patients with bladder cancer associated MPMN were studied retrospectively.Results MPMN was found in 49(5.7%,49/847) patients with bladder cancer,including 32 male and 17 female.All the bladder cancer were urothelial carcinoma,47 cases of non muscleinvasive urothelial carcinoma and 2 muscle-invasive.47 cases were double-primary cancer patients,and 2 triple-primary.Non-bladder primary malignancies were found in digestive system(36.7%),respiratory system (20.4%),genital system(20.4%),and other system(20.4%).Lung cancer was the second primary cancer in 7 cases(14.3%,7/49).The MPMN were diagnosed at the same time in 5 cases,and the others one after another.Bladder cancer was the first primary cancer in 25 cases,and 24 as the second primary.The mean age when the first cancer was diagnosed was 51y.It was 86.2 months between the first cancer and the second for the mean time.90% cancer was in clinical stage Ⅰor stage Ⅱ.The median survival time was 39 months after the second primary malignant,and 104 months after the first primary malignant.Conclusion The most pathology type of the bladder cancer in MPMN is non muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma. Non-bladder primary malignancies are found more common in digestive system,the following are respiratory system and genital system.When lung cancer is the second primary malignant,it should be discriminated from metastasis of bladder cancer.90% cancer is in early clinical stage.They will have a good prognosis if diagnosed early and treated properly.

Ischemic stroke is mainly seen in the elderly,and more than 90％ of the patients have suffered hypertension.Thiazide diuretic is one of the five types of the first-line antihypertensive drugs,its characteristics include relaxation in action,a broad spectrum of anti-hypertension,exact effect,safety,and low price.It has been used for antihypertensive treatment for more than 50 years.As global evidence-based medicine,it is especially suitable for the elderly patients.Thiazide diuretic can effectively reduce the incidence and recurrence of stroke for the elderly hypertensive patients,no matter how it is used alone or in combination with other antihypertensive drugs,the efficiency of thiazide diuretic has withstood the test of time and practice and has been confirmed with clear evidences.Thus,in the elderly patients at high-risk for ischemic stroke,the use of this effective antihypertensive drug should be further emphasized.

Objective To investigate the copy number changes on chromosome 3q26. 1 in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder, and to explore its potential clinical significance. Methods The microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (Array-CGH) approach was used to analyze the genome-wide copy number changes of 35 tumor tissue samples of bladder cancer. To confirm the loss of a small fragment in 3q26. 1 detected by Array-CGH, real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) was performed with 57 frozen tumor tissue samples and 34 formalinfixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor tissue samples. The urine sediment cells collected from 15 healthy volunteers and 29 bladder cancer patients were checked as above. Results The Array-CGH data showed that the copy number loss of a small fragment in 3q26. 1 was detected in 77.1% (27/35)of the tumor tissue samples investigated. Real-time PCR analysis validated this loss of a small fragment of 3q26.1 with high frequencies in both 57 frozen tumor samples and 34 FFPE tumor samples.The percentage of samples exhibiting loss was 78.9% (45/57) and 100. 0% (34/34) respectively.Furthermore, the relative copy number of the 3q26.1 small fragment was significantly lower in the urinary sediment cells of the patients (median=0. 0020), comparing with that of healthy controls (median=0. 0030) (P＜0.01). Conclusions Loss of the small fragment in 3q26.1 could be a characteristic genetic change of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. It may serve as a potential molecular marker for bladder cancer.