The main objective of human tissue engineering is to grow cells in vivo to promote proliferation and differentiation and replace, repair, maintain, or enhance the functions of impaired tissues and organs. Embryonic stem cells are the first selected seed cells in tissue engineering due to their unlimited proliferation capability and the potential to differentiate into different kinds of cells. In this review will give a sketch of recent advances in the preparation of induced pluripotent stem cells, which can differentiate into many other kinds of cells, by applying different transcript factors including Oct3/4, Sox2, c-myc, Klf4, Nanog and LIN28 to somatic ceils via retroviral transduction.

Objective To understand the quality of care for disabled elderly persons in ethnic areas and its influencing factors.Methods A questionnaire survey was carried out using multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling method for the disabled elderly persons in ethnic minority areas,and the relevant factors affecting the quality of care were analyzed.Results The object with different regions,ethnicity,marital status,residence and social support condition,education degrees,health status,the degree of disabilities affecting their life,occupations,income showed different scores in each dimension of care quality.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that other ethnic people with disabilities,unmarried,unemployed/laidoff people with disabilities,disabilities extremely influenced the quality of life affected the total score of care quality.Conclusions To improve the financial aid for disabled elderly people in ethnic areas,attach great importance to the physical and mental care of unmarried disabled elderly people,perfect and establish effective handicapped rehabilitation mechanism,can improve the care quality of disabled elderly people.

Objective To evaluate the clinical features and guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH-1) gene mutation in a family with dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD).Methods The clinical features of this family were collected and their peripheral blood samples were screened for mutation in GCH-1 gene using PCR and DNA direct sequencing.Results The clinical features among each patient in this family were different.But all affected family members had quite a good response to levodopa treatment without significant adverse reactions.DNA test showed an AT deletion mutation at point of 631-632 in the 6th exon of GCH-1 gene in 5 affected members and 1 asymptomatic immediate family member.Conclusions Clinical heterogeneity is an important characteristic of DRD and clinical symptoms vary intra-families.Same gene type may cause different phenotype and not all carriers are patients.The deletion mutation at point of 631-632 in the 6th exon of GCH-1 gene should be considered as a pathogenic mutation for DRD.

Yersinia enterocolitica infection in humans and animals was investigated in this study to explore the source of infection .We collected samples from patients and pigs ,and then the strains were conducted to undergo serotyping ,virulence gene detection and PFGE molecular typing .Of the 150 patients samples ,3 were tested positive for Yersinia enterocolitica ,and one of them was O∶3 .Of the 222 pigs samples ,14 were tested positive for Yersinia enterocolitica ,and all of them were O∶3 .PFGE molecular typing showed that the Yersinia enterocolitica from patient and pig had high homology .Our study con-firmed that Yersinia enterocolitica from pigs could infect people and find that it could exist in the cured patient for at least two months .

Objective To compare the value of transrectal ultrasonography(TRUS) and magnetic resonance(MR) in preoperative estimation of circumferential resection margin (CRM) of mid-low rectal cancer.Methods Both TRUS and MR were performed prior to surgery in 111 patients with mid-low rectal cancer.The CRM was evaluated and compared with the postoperative pathologic findings.Results The accuracy of TRUS and MR for CRM was 91.9％(102/111) and 85.6％(95/111),respectively,there was no statistical difference between them (P =0.137).Their specificities were 94.0％ (79/84)and 84.5％ (71/84),there was statistical difference between them(P =0.046).The consistency of the results between TRUS and pathology was better than that between MR and pathology(Kappa1 =0.783,Kappas =0.652).Conclusions TRUS is proved to have an important diagnostic value for CRM of mid-low rectal cancer.

Objective To explore ultrasonic image for the normal anatomy of the larynx,and provide the basis of ultrasonic diagnosis in laryngeal diseases.Methods Ultrasound anatomy for the larynx was established by way of comparing the structures of four corpses and ultrasonic imaging of the larynx of normal control group.Results Ultrasonic image for the normal anatomy of the larynx was established by comparing the anatomy tomography of corpses and ultrasonic imaging of the larynx of normal control group.Conclusions Ultrasonography could be applied in the examination of the laryngeal diseases as it could show unambiguous ultrasonic imagings of the larynx,and adding an important complementary technique to clinical medicine.

The multi-central clinical records retrospective survey for psoriasis vulgaris was carried out by collecting related information such as demographic, diagnostics, therapeutics, efficacy evaluation, nursing data, and so on. The Uygur medical differentiation classification standard about psoriasis vulgaris was established and it was divided into four types:abnormal Khan Hilit type, abnormal Sapra Hilit type, abnormal saltness Balgham Hilit type, and abnormal Sawda Hilit type, according to main symptom and secondary symptom feature. The disease efficacy evaluation standard was established based on score of surface area and severity of skin injury combining with the changes of main symptom and secondary symptoms. On the basis, guidelines for clinical research of new drugs of Uygur medicine used in the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris were formulated in accordance with the technical requirements and procedure of national center for drug evaluation.

Objective To estimate heart function among patients with diabetic foot ulcer,and to investigate the characteristics of heart failure(HF) before and after treatment of ulcer. Methods Items associated with diabetes and some physiological and biochemical indicators were observed in patients with diabetic foot ulcer(162 cases) and with high risk factors of ulcer(75 cases). Heart function was evaluated at patients′ admission, during ulcer related treatment, and prior to discharge. Left ventricular ejection fraction and other cardiac assessment were measured with ultrasonic scan.Results During hospitalization, 23.6%(56/237) patients underwent HF with normal left ventricular ejection fraction, and it was 27.2%(44/162) in patients with foot ulcers. The prevalence of HF was 8.9%(21/237) in all patients studied on admission, and that was 10.5%(17/162) in patients with foot ulcer, more than that without foot ulcer(P＜0.01). More patients with HF were found, being 14.8%(35/237) during 2-7 days after ulcer related treatment initiated, and peak was on the 4th day. There was statistical difference among different Wagner grades(P＜0.05) about the morbidity rate of HF. All patients with HF were improved and tolerant to ulcer related treatment. Conclusion The prevalence of HF with normal left ventricular ejection fraction was relatively high in patients with diabetic foot ulcer, especially after ulcer treatment.

Retrospective multi-center study on medical records of Uyghur medicine diagnosis and treatment program of eczema was done. Demography, diagnostics, therapeutics, efficacy evaluation and nursing data and other information were collated and analyzed. With analysis and summary of the primary and the secondary symptoms, eczema was divided into four types:blood corruption type (Ofunetlengen Kan Tiplik), blue colored yellow bile type (Zenggereng Sapra Tiplik), abnormal black bile type (Hayri Tabii Savda Hilitlik), and salty phlegm type (Shor Belgem Hilitlik). Uyghur Medicine syndrome differentiation and efficacy evaluation criteria were established. Skin itching, lesion shape, and lesion area integral of patients were scored before and after the treatment, respectively. According to the improvement in symptoms of Uyghur medicine syndrome and life quality of patients, and the internal environment change, evaluation criteria for the efficacy of disease symptom combination were established. On this basis, in accordance with the technical requirements of the national new medicine assessment technology, the study developed clinical research guidelines for the treatment of eczema with new Uyghur medicine.

Uyghur medicine has not yet had the clinical research guidelines consistent with Uyghur medicine theory for its new medicine. In this research, retrospective multi-center study on medical records of Uyghur medicine diagnosis and treatment program of stable angina was conducted. Data about demography, diagnostics, therapeutics, efficacy evaluation, and nursing were collated and analyzed. Uyghur medicine syndrome diagnosis indicators and their contribution to stable angina were identified, and Uyghur medicine syndrome differentiation criteria were established. Uyghur medicine established its primary and secondary disease syndrome and its symptoms quantization table entries for the syndrome elements of Uyghur medicine syndrome differentiation criteria. Then combined with symptoms of angina and ECG changes, nitroglycerin stop and decrement rate, evaluation criteria for the efficacy of disease symptom combination were established. On this basis, in accordance with the technical requirements of the national new medicine evaluation, the study developed clinical research guidelines for the treatment of stable angina with new Uyghur medicine.