Objective To explore the method of increasing the mastering rate of health knowledge of patients and effective rate of health education by nurses on the premise of shortened average length of hos-pital stay.Methods 316 patients were divided into group i (96 cases),group ii (117 cases) and group iii (103 cases).Patients in group i had no pre hospital education.Patients in group ii accepted quasicollective education on hospitalization notices.Patients in group iii accepted quasi-collective education on hospitalization notices and some general peri-operative knowledge.The mastering rate of knowledge and time cost for health education were compared between three groups.Results Compared to group i,group ii and group iii got higher mastering rate in 8 items of hospitalization notices.No difference was seen in acknowledge of general peri-operative knowledge.The education of hospitalization notices and total time was shortened.The difference between group ii and group iii was not positive.Conclusions Taking quasi-collective education on hospitalization notices improves patients' mastering level of hospitalization notices and nurses' education efficiency.

Objeetive To evaluate the diagnostic value of axially loaded MR imaging with supine position in patients with degenerative disorders of lumbar spine.Methods Thirty asymptomatic volunteers and 89 patients were examined in psoas-relaxed position(PRP)and axially compressed supine position(ACE)of the lumbar spine.Sixty-one patients with low back pain,19 with sciatica and 9 with neurogenic claudication were included in the symptomatic study group.The disc levels from L3 to S1 were examined.Results In 30 asymptomatie volunteers,a significant decrease in dural sac cross-sectional area(DSCA)was found at 14 disc levels(15.6%)in 10 individuals(33.3%)during ACE(>15 mm2).In 89 patients.a significant decrease in DSCA was found at 55 disc levels(20.6%)in 38 patients(42.7%)during ACE(>15 mm2),and the mean decrease was 28 mm2.During ACE,32 disc levels with an increasing severity of disc herniation were noted in 26 patients.16 disc levels with neural foramen stenosis were found in 12 patients,11 disc levels with ligamentum flavum thickening were observed in 10 patients,3 cases facet dislocation and 3 cases lumbar spondylolisthesis were also seen.In 22 of the 89 patients(24.7%).additional valuable information(AVI)was found during ACE,including 7 patients(7/9)with neurogenic claudication,8 patients(8/19)with sciatica,and 11.5%(7/61)of the patients with low back pain.Conclusion As compared with conventional imaging methods,axially loaded imaging provides AVI,and more occult lesions can be found during ACE.ACE MRI is a valuable tool in diagnosing degenerative disorders of lumbar spine.

Objective To investigate the effects of geraniin on platelet aggregation and platelet-neutrophil interactions.Methods Platelet aggregation,in vitro and ex vivo,was determined by use of Born's method,and the binding of thrombin-stimulated platelets to neutrophils was observed based on the rosette assay.Intracellular calcium concentration of platelets was measured by using Fura-2-AM.Results Geraniin in vitro significantly inhibited arachidonic acid (AA)-,adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-,or platelet activating factor (PAF)-induced platelet aggregation,in a concentration-dependent manner.The medium inhibitory concentrations (IC50) were 2.4,0.4 and 1.1 μmol/L,respectively.Intragastric geraniin at 5 mg/kg markedly suppressed platelet aggregation induced by AA,ADP,or PAF.Geraniin decreased the total rise of [Ca2+]i,Ca2+ release,and Ca2+ influx,in a concentration-dependant manner.The IC50 values were 71.9,84.9,and 62.9 μmol/L,respectively.Geraniin decreased the binding of thrombin-stimulated platelets to neutrophils,and significantly inhibited washed platelet aggregation stimulated by fMLP-activated neutrophils.The IC50 values were 3.2 and 10.2 μmol/L,respectively.Conclusion It is suggested that geraniin inhibited platelet aggregation in vitro and ex vivo,decreased the calcium mobilization of platelets,and suppressed the interactions between platelets and neutrophils.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic performance of the histogram analysis of mono-exponential and intravoxel incoherent motion(IVIM) models to the dualistic model of epithelial ovarian cancer(EOC). Methods Forty female patients with histopathologically proven epithelial ovarian cancer underwent preoperative MR examination. Scanning sequences included conventional imaging, diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging with 11 b values (0, 30, 50, 100, 150, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1 000, 1 500 s/mm2) and dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI). Based on the dualistic model of EOC, all patients were divided into two groups:typeⅠ(low grade, n=16) and typeⅡ(high grade, n=24). ADC, D, D*and f maps and their corresponding histograms were generated by post-processing software. Based on an entire-tumour measurement, the following histogram parameters were recorded, respectively: (a) Mean; (b) the 10th percentile (10th);(c) the mean of the top 10 percent (MeanL);(d) the 90th percentile (90th);(e) the mean of the bottom 10 percent (MeanR). Two types were compared using independent sample t test or Mann-Whitney U test. And areas under ROC curve between two groups were assessed. Results For ADC , D, and f, all indices(Mean,10th,MeanL,90th,MeanR) of the histogram were significantly lower in typeⅡthan in type Ⅰ(P<0.05). All of parameters of D* had no significant different(P>0.05). D demonstrated a comparable accuracy with ADC in differentiating the grade of EOC (area under curve: Mean, 0.898 vs. 0.893; 10th, 0.880 vs. 0.846; MeanL, 0.878 vs. 0.858; 90th, 0.895 vs. 0.839; MeanR, 0.872 vs. 0.814), and both ADC and D have better performance than f. Conclusion It is feasible to stratify the grade of EOC by mono-exponential and IVIM models with histogram metrics,diagnositic efficiency of ADC and D values are higher.

Objective ::To investigate the role of trehalose in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury and its underlying mechanisms.Methods:C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into no-ischemia group, ischemia-reperfusion group, trehalose-treated group and normal saline control group. After ischemia for 90 minutes, reperfusion immediately or 6h, blood and liver tissues were collected, and serum was separated. The liver function parameters of ALT, AST, the inflammatory factors of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-2, and the pathological changes of liver were detected to study the role of trehalose during hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. Hypoxia-reoxygenation cell model was established by AML12 mouse hepatocyte line, and divided into experimental group and control group. The experimental group was divided into low dose group and high dose group according to the concentration of trehalose administrated. And the control group had no use of trehalose. The level of apoptosis was measured to study the effect of trehalose on apoptosis induced by hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury with flow cytometry. Western blot was utilized for detecting the levels of Caspase-3, Cleaved Caspase-3 and Bcl-2 protein to understand the molecular mechanisms of trehalose in apoptosis during hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury.Results:In vivo animal experiments showed that liver function and such inflammatory factors as ALT, AST, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-2 increased in ischemia-reperfusion group after hepatic ischemia-reperfusion ( P<0.05), and liver tissue became necrotic. After a treatment of trehalose, the levels of ALT, AST, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-2 were lower than those of normalsaline control group and the area of liver tissue necrosis also decreased ( P<0.05). In vitro cell experiments showed that the apoptosis level of hepatocytes in the experimental group decreased compared with the control group.And the level of activated pro-apoptotic protein Cleaved Caspase-3 decreased, the level of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 increased. Conclusions:Trehalose has protective effects on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in vivo and in vitro. The mechanism may be involved in inhibiting inflammation induced by hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury, suppressing the activation of Caspase-3 and promoting the expression of Bcl-2, thus played a protective role by extenuation of hepatocyteapoptosis.

OBJECTIVETo further understand chronic severe hepatitis (CSH) and to improve the level of diagnosis and treatment and to explore the methods to reduce the fatality rate of CSH through analysing the factors related to prognosis of CSH.

METHODSThe factors related to prognosis from 520 cases with CSH were analyzed by SPASS and STATA software.

RESULTS1. The fatality rate in cases with age > or = 40 years was higher than that in cases with age <40 years (P<0.001), there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in sex and pathogenic basis of CSH; 2. The fatality rate rose in cases with WBC > or = 10.0 x 10(9) per liter or platelet <100 x 10(9) per liter; 3. The fatality rate increased gradually with the ratio of aspartic aminotransferase to alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT) and serum total bilirubin (TBil), appearance of deviation of TBil and ALT, decrease in prothrombin activity (PTA), total cholesterol (TC), cholinesterase and albumin (Alb) (P<0.001). 4. The fatality rate increased with appearance of complications such as ascites, electrolyte disturbance, spontaneous peritonitis and so on (P<0.001).

CONCLUSIONSThe important factors related to prognosis were age, > or = 40 years, WBC 10.0 x 10(9) per liter or platelet <100 x 10(9) per liter; the ratio of AST/ALT, TBil, Tc, cholinesterase, Alb and complication, to monitor dynamically laboratory indexes such as TBil, PTA, Tc, cholinesterase and so on and to prevent and cure various complications are important measures to reduce the fatality rate of CSH.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; blood ; Bilirubin ; blood ; Child ; Cholinesterases ; blood ; D-Alanine Transaminase ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Female ; Hepatitis, Chronic ; blood ; complications ; mortality ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Serum Albumin ; analysis ; Thrombin ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo discuss features of onset of chronic severe viral hepatitis (CSH).

METHODSThe patterns of onset of 520 cases of CSH were analyzed by SPASS and STATA software.

RESULTS1. Within less than 10 days, less than 2 weeks, 2 to 4 weeks, 4 weeks to 6 months, 10.4%, 18.1%, 17.1% and 64.8% of 520 cases deteriorated into severe hepatitis respectively. 2. There were no definite predisposing factors in more than 40% cases. There were 1 to 3 or more predisposing factors in more than 30% cases. The incidence of concurrent infection was the highest (P<0.01). 3. The pathogenic basis in more than 50% cases was cirrhosis. 4. Hepatic encephalopathy did not occur in more than 50% of the cases. Ascites occurred in more than 75% of cases. Hepatic encephalopathy first occurred in less than 5% cases and ascites in more than 10% of cases. 5. The latest time for occurrence of hepatic encephalopathy was later than the time of deteriorating into severe hepatitis.

CONCLUSIONS1. Gradual deterioration into CSH was found in all the 520 cases. 2. The predisposing factors, pathogenic bases, incidence and occurring time of hepatic encephalopathy, firstly occurring complication and so on in CSH are not the same as those in acute and subacute severe hepatitis. Therefore, CSH should be independently named and the study of CSH should be strengthened.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Ascites ; etiology ; Child ; Female ; Hepatic Encephalopathy ; etiology ; Hepatitis, Chronic ; complications ; Hepatitis, Viral, Human ; complications ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies

OBJECTIVEThis study investigated the thrombolitic effect of Tianma Xinnao capsule and its preliminary mechanism, as well as the effect on coagulation system.

METHODCharlton's and Tomihisa's methods were modified to investigate the thrombolytic effect of Tianma Xinnao capsule. The activities of type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) and tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) in rabbit plasma were assayed by use of ELISA. The effects of Tianma Xinnao capsule were also evaluated on euglobulin lysis time (ELT), prothrombin time (PT), kaolin partial thromboplastin time (KPTT), thrombin time (TT), fibrinogen (Fib) and hemorheology.

RESULTThe results showed that Tianma Xinnao capsule had a dose-dependent thrombolytic effect in rats. Tianma Xinnao capsule at 0.6 and 1.2 g x kg(-1) produced 40% and 50% of reperfusion rate, while obtained 50% and 40% of reocclusion rate; 0.3 g x kg(-1) of Tianma Xinnao capsule, however, had no effect on the reperfusion or reocclusion rate. Tianma Xinnao capsule significantly inhibited PAI-1 activity, while elevated tPA activity in rabbit plasma. Tianma Xinnao capsule markedly prolonged ELT, PT, and KPTT, and decreased Fib level. Tianma Xinnao capsule showed no significant influence on TT or high, medium, or low sheering viscosity.

CONCLUSIONIt is indicated that Tianma Xinnao capsule inhibited PAI-1 activity and increased tPA activity, and this property of Tianma Xinnao capsule is assigned to be responsible for the thrombolytic effect.

Animals ; Blood Coagulation ; drug effects ; Blood Viscosity ; drug effects ; Capsules ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Male ; Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 ; metabolism ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Thrombosis ; blood ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Tissue Plasminogen Activator ; metabolism

Objective:To discuss the feasibility of offering specialized courses of critical care medicine in undergraduate clinical medicine education, so as to alleviate the shortage of critical care medicine staffs and lay a foundation for improving the success rate for the treatment of critical cases.Methods:The undergraduates majoring in clinical medicine from 2008 to 2011 in Guizhou Medical University (the former Guiyang Medical College) were enrolled. After they had been enrolled in the undergraduate education for 3 years and were ready for Grade four, which meant basic medicine teaching had been completed and clinical medicine teaching was about to start, they were introduced and preached to each discipline, including critical care medicine. The undergraduates were free to choose professional direction of clinical training in Grade four. Students majoring in clinical medicine from 2012 to 2014 were free to choose their major direction when they entered the school.Results:From September 2011 to July 2019, the university had cultivated 246 undergraduates majoring in clinical critical care medicine from 2008 to 2014, and the critical care medicine professional team of affiliated hospital had undertaken 540 teaching hours. By July 2019, all students had graduated on time, with an employment rate of 100%. Forty students took postgraduate programs in our school and other schools, accounting for 16.3%.Conclusions:Professional education of critical care medicine in the undergraduate course of clinical medicine can mobilize students' interest in learning and subjective initiative, which is conducive to career selection. During the clinical training, the students can identify and timely cure critical care cases in the early stage, and partly alleviate the current shortage of critical care medical staffs.

Lycophytes and seed plants constitute the typical vascular plants. Lycophytes have been thought to have no paleo-polyploidization although the event is known to be critical for the fast expansion of seed plants. Here, genomic analyses including the homologous gene dot plot analysis detected multiple paleo-polyploidization events, with one occurring approximately 13-15 million years ago (MYA) and another about 125-142 MYA, during the evolution of the genome of Selaginella moellendorffii, a model lycophyte. In addition, comparative analysis of reconstructed ancestral genomes of lycophytes and angiosperms suggested that lycophytes were affected by more paleo-polyploidization events than seed plants. Results from the present genomic analyses indicate that paleo-polyploidization has contributed to the successful establishment of both lineages-lycophytes and seed plants-of vascular plants.
Evolution, Molecular ; Genome, Plant ; Genomics ; Phylogeny ; Polyploidy ; Selaginellaceae/genetics*