Objective:To establish a RP-HPLC-UV wavelength switching method for the simultaneous determination of captopril, aspirin and nimodipine in compound piracetam and nimodipine capsules. Methods:The separation was carried out on a YMC-Pack Pro-C18 column(250 mm × 4. 6 mm,5μm) with acetonitrile-water(adjusting pH to 2. 5 with phosphpric acid)as the mobile phase with gra-dient elution. The flow rate was 1. 0 ml·min-1 . During 0-4. 3 min, the detection wavelength was 215 nm, during 4. 3-11. 0 min, the detection wavelength was 276 nm and during 11. 0-18. 0 min, the detection wavelength was 235 nm. The column temperature was 40℃. Results:The linear range of captopril, aspirin and nimodipine was 0. 054 7-1. 641 8 μg(r=0. 999 9),0. 055 3-1. 654 8 μg(r=0. 999 9) and 0. 077 7-2. 331 6 μg(r=0. 999 7), and the average recovery was 100. 69%(RSD=0. 69%,n=6),101. 04%(RSD=1. 05%,n=6)and 102. 56%(RSD=1. 14%,n=6), respectively. Conclusion: The method is simple, rapid and accurate, and can be used in the content determination of compound piracetam and nimodipine capsules.

Objective To establish a method for the determination of tetrah yd ropalmatione in FuLe granules. Methods A HPLC method was used with DiamonsilTM C 18(250? 4.6 mn, 5 ? m) column and a mobile phase of methanol- 0.1 % phospho ric acid solution (adjusted the pH to 6.0 with triethylamine)(60 ∶ 40). Flow ra te was 1.0 mL/min, column tem perature 35 ℃ , the detection wavelength at 280nm and sample loop volume bei ng 20 ? L. Results The calibration curve was linear within the range of 0.102 ～ 1.632 ? g of tetrahydropalmatione, the average recovery was 98.78 % (RSD=2 .75 % ).Conclusion The method is simple and accurate.It can be used for the q uality control of Fule granules.

Objective To investigate the influence of LNG-IUS placement on endometrial thickness, recurrence rate and complications of patients with endometrial polyps and moderate anemia after TCRP. Methods 140 patients with endometrial polyps and moderate anemia were chosen from January 2014 to January 2016 and randomly divided into control group (70 patients) with TCRP used alone and observation group (70 patients) with LNG-IUS placement after TCRP; the endometrial thickness, hemoglobin levels and PBAC score before and after treatment, the recurrence rate and the complication incidence of both groups were compared. Results The endometrial thickness after treatment of observation group were significantly less than control group before the treatment (P < 0.05). The hemoglobin levels and PBAC score after treatment of observation group were significantly better than control group before the treatment (P < 0.05). The recurrence rate of observation group were significantly lower than control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the complication incidence between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion LNG-IUS placement in treatment of patients with endometrial polyps and moderate anemia after TCRP can efficiently reduce the endometrial thickness, decrease the uterine bleeding amount, prevent the long-term recurrence and not increase the complications incidence.

Objective:To investigate the effects of hemodialysis f on immune function of patients with end-stage nephropathy associated HBV virus infection.Methods:50 cases of patients with end-stage nephropathy associated HBV virus infection from June 2011 to June 2013 were randomly selected as observation group.50 cases of patients with end-stage renal disease as the control group.Patients in control group and observation group were treated with continuous hemodialysis therapy .24 h urinary protein ,serum al-bumin,blood urea nitrogen and creatinine in control group and observation group before and after treatment were analyzed .The regulatory T lymphocyte ,the CD8+T lymphocytes,perforin and granzyme B in peripheral blood in control group and observation group before and after treatment were analyzed by flow cytometry.Results:After dialysis treatment ,clinical symptoms and laboratory indexes of the two groups were significantly improved ( P<0.05 ).Clinical symptoms and laboratory indexes in control group and observation group after treatment had no statistical difference ( P>0.05 ).There was no significant change of immune function in the control group before and after treatment ( P>0.05 ).But the ratio of Treg cells and CD 8+T lymphocyte in observation group after treatment were sig-nificantly increased than that of before treatment ( P<0.05 ).Before treatment ,the active molecule perforin and granzyme B expression rate of T cells in the peripheral blood of observation group were higher than the control group ( P<0.05 ).After treatment ,Treg cell and CD8+T lymphocyte ratio were significantly decreased as well as perforin and granzyme B expression rate ( P<0.05 ).Conclusion:Compared with control group ,hemodialysis can significantly improve the immune function of the patients with end -stage nephropathy as-sociated HBV virus infection.

Objective To develop a forebrain ischemic preconditioning model in C57BL/6 mice and determine the protective effects of ischemic preconditioning on brain ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods Forty-eight 8-10 week old C57BL/6 mice weighing 19-23 g were randomly divided into four groups of 12 animals, A: sham-operation group; B: ischemic preconditioning group; C: ischemia-reperfusion group (I/ R); D: ischemic preconditioning + I/R group. The animals were anesthetized with halothane. Bilateral common carotid artery (BCCA) was exposed and occluded for 6min (ischemic preconditioning) or 18min followed by 3h reperfusion (I/R). In group D BCCA was firstly occluded for 6 min, then released and 48h later occluded again for 18min followed by 3h reperfusion. 6 animals in each group were sacrificed 72h after reperfusion and brain was immediately removed for detection of DNA fragmentation of neurons in hippocampus by TUNEL. Another 6 animals were sacrificed on the 7th day after I/R and neuronal damage was identified by microtubule-associated protein-2 immunochemistry and quantified by cresyl violet staining. Results I/R resulted in severe damage to hippocampus in C57BL/6 mice. The ischemic preconditioning caused neither noticeable hippocampal neuronal damage nor DNA fragmentation but significantly reduced hippocampal neuronal damage and DNA fragmentation caused by I/R. Conclusion Our results indicate that hippocampal neuronal injury induced by I/R can be greatly reduced by ischemic preconditioning in C57BL/6 mice. Many kinds of gene-altered C57BL/6 mice are available, this preconditioning model may provide an useful method for investigating the molecular mechanisms of ischemic preconditioning.

ve To assess the effect of propofol on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and the mechanism. Methods Sixty healthy rabbits of either sex, weighing 2.0-3.4 kg were randomly divided into three groups of twenty animals each: control group (C), propofol group (P) and etomidate group (E) . The rabbits were anesthetized with 3.0% pentobarbital 1.0 ml?kg-1 iv. Internal jugular artery was cannulated for continuous MAP monitoring and internal jugular vein was cannulated for intravenous fluid and drug administration. In group C normal saline was infused at a rate of 2 ml?kg? h-1; in group E etomidate 0.1 mg ? kg-1? h-1 and in group P propofol 20 mg? kg-1? h-1 was infused during the experiment until the end of surgery. Hepatic ischemia was produced by clamping hepatic hilum for 20 min and reperfusion was allowed for 30 min after release of the clamp before the animals were sacrificed. Blood samples were taken from internal jugular artery before hepatic ischemia immediately, 15 and 30 min after I/ R for determination of AST, ALT and SOD concentration. Liver tissue 0.5g was taken from right lobe and kept in liquid nitrogen for determination of MDA content and left lobe of the liver was taken for electron microscopic examination. Results The serum levels of AST and ALT increased after reperfusion in all three groups, but were significantly lower in group P than in group C and E. The serum SOD level decreased in all three groups after reperfusion, but the decrease in SOD was significantly less in group P than in group C and E. The MDA content of liver increased in all three groups after reperfusion but the increase in MDA was significantly less in group P than in group C and E. Electron microscopic examination revealed that mitochondria swelled obviously, the ridge disappeared, ribosome was disarranged and endoplasmic reticulum was expanded and vacuolated in group C and E; while in group P mitochondria only slightly swelled, the ridge was seen clearly, the arrangement of endoplasmic reticulum was trim and there was no exfoliated ribosome. Conclusions Propofol has protective effect in liver I/R.

Objective To investigate the expression pattern of Th1 and Th2 in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis including sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis and coinfection with human immunodeficiency viruses(HIV), and its relation to disease severity.Methods The expression pattern of CD4+T lymphocytes, Th1 and Th2 cells in peripheral blood samples from sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients, coinfection with HIV patients and healthy controls were studied by flow cytometry.Results The expression of CD4+ T lymphocytes and Th1 cells in sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients were significantly lower than that in healthy group(31.22?9.80)%,(9.78?3.09)% vs (43.77?10.78)%,(25.26?4.73)%; The expression of Th2 cells in culture positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients was significantly higher than that in healthy group(18.65?3.49)% vs(10.15?2.60)%; The Th2 level in severe pulmonary tuberculosis patients was significantly higher than that in the medium and mild patients(21.70?2.67)% vs (14.87?1.66)% ,(17.48?2.06)%, while the CD4+T lymphocytes and Th1 levels were significantly lower; The CD4+ T lymphocytes and Th2 cells levels in pulmonary tuberculosis patients coinfection with HIV were lower than that in tuberculosis patients without HIV coinfection(21.88?3.71)%,(8.79?2.28)% vs (31.22?9.80)%,(18.65?3.49)%.Compared with the healthy group, Th1 cells level in pulmonary tuberculosis patients with or without coinfection of HIV were lower(25.21?4.73)% vs (9.39?2.65)%,(9.78?3.09)%.Conclusion Patients with sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis showed lower expression of Th1 and higher expression of Th2,This profile was correlated with disease severity.Patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and HIV coinfection showed both of lower expression of Th1 without enhancement of the type 2 response.

Objective To explore the role of human urinary trypsin inhibitor(UTI) in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Methods UTI was highly purified from the urine of patients with acute pancreatitis by column chromatography. SAP models were established by injection of 5% sodium taurocholate(NaTc) at dose of 0.1 ml/100 g weight under pancreatic capsule. The interleukin 6(IL 6) level in each group was measured by ELISA. Results ① The highly purified UTI with high yield was harvested. ② SAP models were established successfully. ③ The level of IL 6 in SAP group was significantly higher than that in NC, but in UTI group, the increase was not obvious. Conclusion The alleviating effect of UTI on the pathological damage degree in rats with SAP is related to the inhibitive effect of UTI on the expression of IL 6.

AIM: To study the difference in glucose and lactate levels between brain extracellular fluid (ECF) and plasma in rabbits in the different blood glucose levels. METHODS: Using intracerebral microdialysis technology, brain ECF levels of glucose and lactate were measured in every 10 min under basal conditions and during a hyperglycemia-hypoglycemia clamp study. RESULTS: Under basal condition, brain ECF glucose levels were markedly lower than ambient plasma levels (30% of plasma), whereas ECF lactate levels were substantially higher (165% of plasma). During the hyperglycemia-hypoglycemia clamps, the relationship between plasma and ECF levels of glucose remained similar, but changes in ECF glucose lagged about 30 min. There were no substantially changes in ECF levels of lactate during dynamical study. CONCLUSION: There are striking differences in glucose and lactate levels between brain ECF and plasma. Lactate may involve in the metabolic process of central nervous system.

OBJECTIVE:To conduct supplementary study for quality standard for Compound vaccariae tablets. METHODS:TLC was used for the qualitative identification of Vaccariae;HPLC was used to determine the contents of vaccarin and anthranilic acid. The column was YMC-Pack Pro C18 with mobile phase of methanol- 0.3% phosphpric acid(gradient elution)at the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,the detection wavelength was 280 nm,column temperature was 35 ℃ and volume size was 10 μl. RESULTS:The chromatographic spots were clear and well-separated without interference from negative control. The linear range was 0.055 7-2.228 7μg(r=0.999 9)for vaccarin and 2.011 4-40.227 9 μg(r=0.999 9)for anthranilic acid;RSDs of precision,stability and reproduc-ibility tests were no more than 1.01%;average recoveries were respectively 99.69%(RSD=1.11%,n=6) and 99.84%(RSD=1.18%,n=6). CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,rapid and accurate with good reproducibility,and can be used for quality control of Compound vaccariae tablets.