BACKGROUND:Extracel ular vesicles (EVs) are a kind of subcel ular component produced by paracine mechanism including exosomes, microparticles and microvesicles, which have become hotspots in recent years. OBJECTIVE:To review the research status and progress of EVs, especial y in the studies about definition, secreting mechanism, isolation and identification, biological characteristics and functions in diseases as wel as in biomedical research. METHODS:The first author retrieved PubMed and CNKI databases for relative articles published from July 2006 to August 2016. The keywords were“extracel ular vesicles, exosome, microvesicle, microparticle”in English and Chinese, respectively.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 44 eligible literatures are enrol ed. Almost al cel s can secrete EVs, which contain a variety of metrocyte-derived bioactive molecules, such as lipids, proteins, mRNAs, microRNA, lncRNA, cicrRNA, and non-coding RNA. These bioactive molecules are encapsulated in EVs or binding with the membrane. EVs are described to be involved in inflammation, immunity, signal transduction, cel survival and apoptosis, angiogenesis, thrombogenesis, and autophagy, which are of great significance to the maintenance of homeostasis and disease progression. Special EVs may be used as new biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of many diseases and serve as novel tools in the fields of antitumor therapy, regenerative medicine, immunoregulation and vaccination and drug delivery. But the molecular mechanisms regulating the secretion of EVs and the specific pathways activated upon EVs interaction with the target cel are not ful y understood. Based on miRNA, lncRNA and circRNA are attracting researchers’ attention.

Objective To investigate the change of adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein(FABP4) in maternal serum and umbilical cord blood and FABP4 mRNA placental expression in patients with preeclampsia(PE). Methods A total of 60 women with PE and 60 normal pregnant women as control participated in this study. All are admitted to Fujian Maternity and Children Health Hospital for delivery from December 2008 to October 2009. Patients with PE were divided into early-onset group (n = 30, presented at ≤34 weeks of gestation) and late-onset group(n = 30, presented at > 34 weeks of gestation), with 30 normal pregnant women as early control group(≤34 weeks of gestation) and 30 as late control group(>34 weeks of gestation). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect FABP4,fasting serum glucose,fasting insulin(FINS) in maternal serum and FABP4 in umbilical cord blood. Real-time fluorescent quantitative revere transcription PCR was used to detect placental FABP4 mRNA expression. Furthermore,clinical and biochemical parameters were recorded, such as body mass index(BMI), systolic pressure(SP),diastolic pressure (DP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), creatinine (Cr), uric acid (UA) , glomerular filtration rate (GFR), 24 hours urine protein in pregnant women and neonatal weight. Results (1) Maternal serum FABP4 was (176 ± 9) ng/L in early-onset PE group and (170 ± 9) ng/L in late-onset PE group, significantly elevated as compared to (81 ± 13) ng/L in early control group and (94 ± 15) ng/L in late control group. (2) Mean maternal FINS, homeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistence index (HOMA-IR) were significantly elevated in the early-onset PE group and late-onset PE group as compared to control groups, respectively. (3) Mean placental FABP4 mRNA expression were significantly elevated in the early-onset PE group and late-onset PE group as compared to late control group. However, no significant difference was found in placental FABP4 mRNA expression between early-onset and late-onset PE groups.(4) Mean umbilical cord blood FABP4 concentrations were significantly decreased in the early-onset PE group and late-onset PE group as compared to late control group. Furthermore, umbilical cord blood FABP4 concentration correlated negatively with maternal serum FABP4 level and placental FABP4 mRNA expression, but positively with neonatal weight. (5) Mean maternal serum FABP4 concentrations correlated positively with placental FABP4 mRNA expression,TG, FINS, HOMA-IR, Cr, UA; and negatively with HDL, GFR. Conclusions Increased FABP4 expression in maternal serum and placenta may be involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Increased FABP4 mRNA expression in placenta may contribute to high serum FABP4 level in women with PE.

The effects of the cyclin E expression levels on chemotherapeutic sensitivity of breast cancer cell line were explored. After the cyclin E expression was knockdown in MDA-MB-435 by RNA interference, FACS analysis and SA-beta-gal staining were used to evaluate the response sensitivity of breast cancer cells to DNA damage drugs (adriamycin, etc.). Adriamycin could induce G1 arrest in cyclin E knockdown MDA-MB-435 breast cell line and increase the percentage of cell senescence in cyclin E knockdown MDA-MB-435 cells. It was suggested that cyclin E knockdown could increase the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of breast cancer cells to DNA damage drugs.

Objective To investigate the expression of inflammtory factor genes change induced by sodium sulfite.Methods MTS assay was used to detect the cell toxicity to human embryonic kidney cell line 293(HEK293) of 0,0.0025,0.01,0.039,0.156,0.625,2.5,10 mmol/L sodium sulfite,morphological changes were observed with inversion microscope and RT-PCR was used to study the expression of mRNA changes of TNF-?,MCP-1 and IL-8.Results Cytotoxicity analysis showed that treatment of cells with 0.625,2.5,10 mmol/L Na2SO3 could significantly decrease the OD value,with the OD value of(0.354 75 ?0.021 24),(0.600 50?0.012 77),(0.784 75?0.009 85) respectively,compared with control group(2.514 5?0.202 265).When treated with ≤0.156 mmol/L Na2SO3,it sould not significantly affect cell viability,with the OD value of(2.473 75?0.069 99)-(2.625 00? 0.120 29).Morphological observation showed that exposure of ≥0.625 mmol/L Na2SO3 could decrease cell numbers significantly and living cells seemed narrower and longer than the usual way with fewer evection.But lower concentrations of Na2SO3(≤0.156 mmol/L) did not change cell numbers and cell morphology.RT-PCR result showed that treatment of 0.039-10 mmol/L Na2SO3 could not induce the expression of TNF-?,MCP-1 and IL-8.Conclusion Na2SO3 can cause significant inhibition and injury in HEK293,but can not up regulate the expression of mRNA of TNF-?,MCP-1 and IL-8,and there is no obvious relation between them.

Performance evaluation of hospitals has become a high priority of Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals nowadays,application of targeted governmental allocations being a key to such evaluation.As an oral specialist hospital,such allocations were mainly used to purchase major oral equipment as important revenue makers and social benefits creators.The finance department of the hospital has paid commendable efforts in assuring satisfactory use of such funds to score high in the performance evaluation.On the other hand,however,the hospital is also faced with problems in the implementation of the evaluation of the funds and there remain rooms of improvement.

Objective To introduce clinical diagnostic specificity of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with serum AFP level in 21*!?g/L to 200*!?g/L. Methods Making a literature summarizaton based on the papers review.Results and Conclusions (1) The AFP level more than 20*!?g/L can be used as a diagnostic criteria of HCC when existing liver space occuping lesion (SOL). (2) The clinical diagnostic criteria using AFP level more than 20 ?g/L instead of more than 200 ?g/L would be helpful to avoid misdiagnosis of HCC with the AFP level in 21 ?g/L to 200 ?g/L. (3) The Combination of AFP level more than 20 ?g/L with ultrasonography, CT scanning would have higher sensitivity and specificity than single diagnostic method.

Objective To investigate the eitect oi Yiqi Fuzhi Granule in improving learning and memory of rats with mul- ti-infarct dementia (MID). Methods MID rat models were established by embolus injection through the common carotid artery. Effects of Yiqi Fuzhi Granule(24. 84 g/kg, 12.42 g/kg, 6.21 g/kg, ig)on rat learning and memory and cerebral structure were observed. Results Yiqi Fuzhi Granule could obviously increase the scores of maze test and protect cerebral tissue from damage of multi-infarction rats. Conclusion Yiqi Fuzhi Granule has good effect in improving intellect and treating dementia.

ObjectiveTo investigate the value of low positive AFP level for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) when a space occuping lesion (SOL) was already identified in the liver.MethodsUsing randomized controlled clinical trial,a clinical epidemiological analysis was made based on the result of surgery and pathology proven hepatic SOL of 2?878 cases admitted from January 1993 to June 2001.In this series,there were 2?362 HCC cases, among which 424 HCC cases were with a low positive AFP level(between 21 and 200??g/L) which constitutes the basis of our analysis.ResultsIn HCC and non HCC groups,the sensitivity,specificity and positive predictive value were 69 9%(1?650/2?362) vs.8 9%(46/516) ( P

Objective　To introduce clinical diagnostic specificity of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with serum AFP level in 21μg/L to 200μg/L. Methods　Making a literature summarizaton based on the papers review.Results and Conclusions　(1) The AFP level more than 20μg/L can be used as a diagnostic criteria of HCC when existing liver space occuping lesion (SOL). (2) The clinical diagnostic criteria using AFP level more than 20 μg/L instead of more than 200 μg/L would be helpful to avoid misdiagnosis of HCC with the AFP level in 21 μg/L to 200 μg/L. (3) The Combination of AFP level more than 20 μg/L with ultrasonography, CT scanning would have higher sensitivity and specificity than single diagnostic method.

Aim To establish a reliable method for the culture of mouse smooth muscle progenitor cells and in-vestigate their migration ability .Methods Mesenchy-mal stem cells from compact bones were obtained from C57 BL/6 mice and stimulated with PDGF-BB to in-duce these cells to differentiate into smooth muscle pro-genitor cells. Morphological analysis , immunocyto-chemical and flow cytometric analysis were used to i-dentify the cell type and the migration ability was in-vestigated by the transwell system and flow cytometry . Result After PDGF-BB stimulation for 7 days, the cells showed spindle shape and started to express α-SMA as demonstrated by immunocytochemistry .After 21 days induction , Flow cytometric analysis revealed that over 70%of the cells expressed both CD 34 andα-SMA and 58.5%of the cells expressed SM-MHC.Mi-gration assay showed that the smooth muscle progenitor cells from culture could migrate in vivo and in vitro. Conclusions The culture of smooth muscle progenitor cells from compact bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells is easily operated with high yield rate and shorten culture period . Obtained smooth muscle progenitor cells from culture could migrate in vivo and in vitro, which is suitable for the mechanism studies .