0.05] between group L and other two groups.Conclusion PCEA with 0.125% levobupivacaine containing fentanyl 2 ?g?ml-1 provides adequate pain relief after cesarean section with recovery of motor function similar to that with 0.2% ropivacaine and 0.125% racemic bupivacaine.

Objectlve To study the significance of injury and posthumous changes to the axonal in brain stem and provide evidence to the forensic discrimination of brainstem injury. Methods Select the cases that died of the primary brainstem injury or other disease randomly, All cases were divided into control group and experimental group, control group and experimental group that were autopsied at the postmortem interval less than 24h or 48h, or longer than 24h or 48h. The brainstem tissue were cut and stained by silver; Two hundred four samples were observed in microscope and selected 9～10 widest axonal to measure its diameter, then analysis the data. Results There is significant difference in axonal diameter of midbrain and mudella between control group (not including those cases died of cardiovascular diseases) and experiment group (P0.05). Conclusion The axonal swelling of the brainstem is closely related with the traumatic injury, so axonal swelling is a finding useful for identification of traumatic brainstem lesions, but death from cardiovascular diseases should be excluded.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of determination of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels for primary liver carcinoma and metastatic liver cancer.Methods Serum CEA levels in 365 patients with liver cancer (273 with HCC and 92 with metastatic liver cancer accordingly) and 33 controls were determined with ELISA. Data were analysed with SPSS.Results Serum CEA levels were (7.52?18.04)?g/L in patients with liver cancer and (0.99?0.79)?g/L in controls. Taking 2.5 ?g/L as the cut-off level,the positive rate was 29.86% and 6.06% respectively. The values were significantly higher than those in controls (P

ve To assess the effect of propofol on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and the mechanism. Methods Sixty healthy rabbits of either sex, weighing 2.0-3.4 kg were randomly divided into three groups of twenty animals each: control group (C), propofol group (P) and etomidate group (E) . The rabbits were anesthetized with 3.0% pentobarbital 1.0 ml?kg-1 iv. Internal jugular artery was cannulated for continuous MAP monitoring and internal jugular vein was cannulated for intravenous fluid and drug administration. In group C normal saline was infused at a rate of 2 ml?kg? h-1; in group E etomidate 0.1 mg ? kg-1? h-1 and in group P propofol 20 mg? kg-1? h-1 was infused during the experiment until the end of surgery. Hepatic ischemia was produced by clamping hepatic hilum for 20 min and reperfusion was allowed for 30 min after release of the clamp before the animals were sacrificed. Blood samples were taken from internal jugular artery before hepatic ischemia immediately, 15 and 30 min after I/ R for determination of AST, ALT and SOD concentration. Liver tissue 0.5g was taken from right lobe and kept in liquid nitrogen for determination of MDA content and left lobe of the liver was taken for electron microscopic examination. Results The serum levels of AST and ALT increased after reperfusion in all three groups, but were significantly lower in group P than in group C and E. The serum SOD level decreased in all three groups after reperfusion, but the decrease in SOD was significantly less in group P than in group C and E. The MDA content of liver increased in all three groups after reperfusion but the increase in MDA was significantly less in group P than in group C and E. Electron microscopic examination revealed that mitochondria swelled obviously, the ridge disappeared, ribosome was disarranged and endoplasmic reticulum was expanded and vacuolated in group C and E; while in group P mitochondria only slightly swelled, the ridge was seen clearly, the arrangement of endoplasmic reticulum was trim and there was no exfoliated ribosome. Conclusions Propofol has protective effect in liver I/R.

Aim To observe the protective effects of ginkgolide B(GB)on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats and explore its mechanism.Methods Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion.The neurological out-come and infarct size were evaluated.SOD and LDH activity,LD and MDA levels of ischemia cerebral tissue were measured.The pathomorphology examination was done.Results GB did not improve neurologic defects in 3 h ischemia rats,but it improved neurologic defects in 21 h reperfusion rats.GB(10,5 mg?kg-1)markedly decreased infarct size in rats.SOD activity in GB(10,5 mg?kg-1)groups was higher,and LDH activity and MDA level in GB(10,5,2.5 mg?kg-1)groups were significantly lower than those in vehicle group.LD level did not chang.The cellular and intercellular edema was reduced markedly in the pathomorphology examination.Conclusions GB has protective effects on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.Its role is probably related to its effect on the activity of SOD and LDH,and the level of MDA.

Objective To evaluate the application of prevention technique for mother‐to‐child transmission of human immunode‐ficiency virus(HIV) in Laibin City .Methods Prevention techniques for mother‐to‐child transmission of HIV were applicated in the city .Women in pregnancy test received acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS) counseling and test at the same time .Measures were taken to prevent the mother‐to‐child transmission of HIV for women who confirmed HIV positive ,including the use of antiret‐roviral drugs ,safety midwifery and feeding guidance ,and so on .Results The average HIV counseling and testing rate was 99 .1%(176 001/177 738) for the past 5 years .269 cases were HIV positive ,and the positive rate was 0 .15% (269/176 001) .Via health advisory guidance ,pregnant women diagnosed with AIDS understood the dangers of AIDS and the mode of its transmission ,and then free to chose weather to have the pregnancy terminated .Finally ,there were 67 pregnant women chose to terminate the preg‐nancy ,and 202 women decided to have children who were included in the prevention management system of mother‐to‐child trans‐mission .202 infants were born alive ,192 of which took full amount of antiretroviral drugs .The medication rate was 95 .05% (192/202) .42 d and 3 months after birth ,early diagnosis of HIV/AIDS was performed for the infants ,the positive rate of HIV was 0 .50% (1/202) .There were 118 infants at least 18‐months‐old who had underwent HIV test and no positive case was detected . Conclusion AIDS counseling tests in pregnancy test women is necessary ,which could detect HIV positive women .Comprehensive measures are effective methods for the prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission .

Objective To compare the effect of low concentration versus ultra-low concentration of ropivacaine in combination with sufentanil delivered via programmed intermittent epidural bolus (PIEB) with patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) during labour on obstetric and anesthetic outcomes.Methods Seventy-six ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ nulliparous parturients who were at full term with a singleton fetus in vertex presentation were randomized to receive 0.1 ％ ropivacaine with 0.5 μg/mL sufentanil (Group L,38 cases) or 0.06％ ropivacaine with 0.5 μg/mL sufentanil (Group UL,38 cases).Another matched 76 cases of primiparas without labor analgesia (Group C) served as controls.For primiparas received analgesia,an epidural catheter was inserted when the cervical dilatation was up to 2-3 cm.The analgesia level was controlled below T8,and VAS score was controlled below 4.Thirty minutes after analgesia started,Group L and UL received PIEB with PCEA regimen including basal infusion of 8 mL/h of ropivacaine with sufentanil,patient-controlled bolus 6 mL and lockout interval 10 minutes.The duration of labor,delivery mode,Apgar score,VAS score and anesthetic drug consumption of each group were recorded.Results The second stage of labor were not statistically different between Group UL and C.The second stage of Group L was longer than that of Group C (P＜0.05).Furthermore,with similar performance in pain score and satisfactory level at each time point,Group UL consumed much less ropivacaine than Group L (P＜0.05).The cesarean section rate,instrumental delivery rate and the Apgar score were not significantly different among the 3 groups.Conclusions While using PIEB with PCEA,0.06％ ropivacaine was capable of providing satisfactory analgesia effects for primipara and has less effects on the obstetric outcome.Therefore,it could be recommended for labour analgesia.

AIM : To observe the effect of stress and ovariectomy on behavior activity in mice and the prevention and therapy of the TCM complexⅠcomposed of spine date seed and common anemarrhena rhizome. METHODS : The effect of stress and ovariectomy were investigated on bedtime, survival time under hypoxia, climbing time on the string and number of times of the activity in mice, and the prevention and therapy of TCM the complexⅠwere observed. RESULTS : The effect of stress, ovariectomy, stress and ovariectomy were different on bedtime, survival time under hypoxia and climbing time on the string and the number of times of the activity in mice. The effect of stress and ovariectomy on previous parameters was stronger than that of stress or ovariectomy lonely in mice. The stress and ovariectomy resulted in sleep impairment, the decreasing of the survival time under hypoxia and climbing time on the string, and the increasing of the number of times of the activity in mice. CONCLUSION : The TCM complex I can alleviate the high sensitivity to the environment in mice with ovariectomy and stress, which is similar to the mechanism of human climacteric syndrome.

0.05],butwaslowerthanthatof STZ group [(9.59?1.08)mmol/L, P

Objective To observe the effects and mechanism of pretreatment in rats with prostaglandin E1 on liver after hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation(HSR).Method In total,32 male SD rats were randomly(random number)divided into four groups(n=8):group A(sham group),group B(shock group),group C(HSR group)and group D(Lipo-PGEl+HSR).In group B,rats were sacrificed 90 min after shock,and in group C,rats were anesthetized and then subjected to hemorrhagic shock followed by resuscitation.In group D,rats were pretreated with Lipo-PGEI one hour before HSR.Liver function,NO and ET.1 were measured,and pathological changes of liver tissue in each group were observed,and the expres8ions of iNOS and ET.1 of liver tissue were measured by using immunohistochemistry 6 hours after HSR.Data were analyzed by analysis of variance,and P<0.05 was considered as significantly different in statitistics.Results The levels of liver iNOS and ET-I increased in HSR group compared with shock group [(O.225±0.080)vs.(0.082±0.021)and(0.292±0.047)vs.(0.082±0.035),P<0.05].Pretreatment with Lipo-PGEl markedly reduced the damage of Liver function,and lowered the levels of NO and ET-I.which were consistent with decrease in iNOS and ET-16 hours after HSR[(0.116±0.034)vs.(0.225±0.080)and(0.198±0.041)vs.(0.292±0.047),P<0.05].Conclusions Pretreatment with Lipo-PGEl could reduce liver injury after HSR.The mechanisms might be attributed to inhibiting iNOS and ET-1,regulating the balance of NO/ET-I.