Objective To investigate the effect of different levels of propofol anesthesia on 5-HT metabolism in brain. Methods Forty Japanese Long-ear rabbits of both sexes, aged 8 months-2yr, weighing 2-3 kg were used for study. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with propofol administered by a TCI system. Blood propofol concentration required for different depths of anesthesia, as indicated by BIS monitoring and loss of chewing reflex (light anesthesia) and loss of response to tail nipped (deep anesthesia), was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) in 10 rabbits. Thirty rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups often animals in each group: (1) control group received no propofol; (2) light anesthesia group and (3) deep anesthesia group. Different depths of propofol anesthesia were maintained for 1 h. At the end of one hour propofol anesthesia the animals were decapitated. Brain was immediately removed and cerebral cortex, hippocampus and thalamus were separated on ice. Their contents of 5-HT and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA) were measured by spectrophoto-fluorometer.Results 5-HT content of cerebral cortex was significantly increased after anesthesia. 5-HT content of hippocampus and 5-HIAA content of thalamus decreased significantly with increasing anesthetic depth. Conclusion Propofol improves 5-HT activity in cerebral cortex and thalamus and decreases 5-HT activity in hippocampus indicating that 5-HT metabolism may be involved in the mechanism of propofol anesthesia.

BACKGROUND: As an important part of systemalimbica, hippocampus involves in emotion, perceiving and learning memory and can be affected by anesthesia.OBJECTIVE: With target controlled infusion of propofol, the depth of anesthesia was well controlled. And under anesthesia in various depths, cfos gene expressions in different regions of hippocampus in rabbits were detected to find the target site for central nervous inhibition by propofol.DESIGN :It was a randomized controlled study.SETTING:Department of Anesthesiology ,Shenzhen Second People's Hospital; Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology.MATERIALS: The experiment was conducted in the Neurobiological Laboratory of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from May 2000 to June 2001. Thirty Japanese white rabbits were selected and randomly divided into control group, light anesthesia group and deep anesthesia group, with 10 rabbits in each group.METHODS:Intravenous cannulas were placed in external jugular vein (EJV) and femoral artery in all animals. According to the propofol plasma concentration, the infusion of propofol and the depths of anesthesia were well controlled. In light anesthesia group, the plasma concentration of propofol was (9.28±0.12)mg/L. In deep anesthesia group, the plasma concentration of propofol was (11.63±0.29)mg/L. Thirty minutes after being anesthetized, the animals in the two experimental groups were decapitated and the animals in control group were killed by air embolism through ear vein. Coronal sections were sliced continuously, in thickness of 7μm and 1 slice in 100 μm tissue was selected. In situ hybridization was performed to detect the c-f os mRNA in Area CA1, CA3 and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. In each rabbit, 5 sections were selected randomly.Under a light microscope, photos were taken in 15-20 fields. And then average absorbency and average grayscale were calculated. The grayscale scores were classified as 256 scales. A lower grayscale score indicated a higher positive rate.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Under various depths of anesthesia,in situ hybridization results of Area CA1, CA2 and dentate gyrus of the anesthesia, average grayscale scores of Area CA1, CA2 and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in rabbits were assessed.② Under various depths of anesthesia, average grayscale scores of Area CA1, CA2 and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in rabbits were calculated.RESULTS:Thirty rabbits entered the statistical analysis procedure.①Under various depths of anesthesia, in situ hybridization results of Area CA1 of the hippocampus in rabbits: In control group, brown, sparse or dense, light-stained or deep-stained c-fos positive cells could be observed. In light anesthesia group, dense, moderately stained c-fospositive neurons could be observed. In deep anesthesia group, cells were denser with deeper stained cytoplasma. ② Under various depths of anesthesia, in situ hybridization results of dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in rabbits: In light anesthesia group, positive cells were strongly stained in deep brown with transparent and vacuolar nuclei. In deep anesthesia group, a large number of c-fos positive cells in great dense could be observed. ③Under various depths of anesthesia, grayscale scores of different regions of the hippocampus in rabbits: Compared with control group, grayscale scores of Area CA1 and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus were significantly decreased in both light and deep anesthesia groups [(168±5), (80±7), (59±5)% ,P ＜ 0.05; (163±8),(103±15), (67±6)%,P ＜ 0.05,P ＜ 0.01]. This was more significant in deep anesthesia group than in light anesthesia group (P ＜ 0.01 ). For Area CA3, the grayscale scores in each group were similar.CONCLUSION: ①With the increasing depth of propofol anesthesia, c-fos gene expression is increased in hippocampus in rabbits. ② After anesthesia, the average grayscale score of Area CA1 and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus are significantly decreased, and this is more significant after deep anesthesia. However, there is no significant change in Area CA3. This indicates that the central inhibitory receptor sites of propofol are various in different brain regions, which supposes that the Area CA3 is not the central receptor sites of propofol.

Objective To determine the measurement of two-dimensional shape parameters of nose and to eatablish the symmetric standard of nasal morphology.Methods Twenty-three frontal view photo-graphs of children aged 5 years with unilateral cleft lip were randomly selected,in which all children in the photographs were at an elevation of 45 degrees.Using Osiris and Image J for image intensification and di-vision,the area of nostril and nasal form were measured and artificial geometry figure were determined.Results The area of nostril affected was significantly smaller than those unaffected(P

AIM: To investigate the changes of ultrastructure in early diabetic rat cornea and the pathogenesis of diabetic keratopathy. METHODS: 20 Sprague-Daxley rats were sacrificed 6, 8, 10 and 12 weeks after induction of diabetes mellitus by streptoxotocin. 20 untreated rats at the same age were used as normal controls and were sacrificed at the same intervals. The ultrastructures of cornea were observed with transmission electronic microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: During the experimental period, the corneal ultrustructure of diabetic rats showed that epithelial and endothelial cells were swollen, the mitochondrions in the cytoplasm were swollen and increased. The collagen fibers appeared in disarrangement 10 weeks after streptoxotocin treatment. The endothelial of cornea was damaged from the periphery to the center gradually. CONCLUSION: The ultrastructural changes of cornea leads to dysfunction in streptoxotocin-induced diabetic rats, which may be related to the abnormal metabolism in hyperglycemia condition.

Objective: To investigate the factors affecting depression and anxiety symptoms among the elderly, so as to provide the basis for promoting mental health among the elderly. Methods: The elderly aged 60 years and above in Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province were recruited using the multistage stratified random sampling method from June to August 2022, and demographic information, lifestyle and self-rated health status were collected by questionnaires. The symptoms of depression and anxiety were assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), respectively. The presence of depressive and anxiety symptoms was determined when both the PHQ-9 score and the GAD-7 score were 10 points and higher. Factors affecting depressive and anxiety symptoms were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 7 771 individuals were surveyed, including 3 490 males (44.91%) and 4 281 females (55.09%), and had a mean age of (72.11±6.79) years. The prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms was 2.05%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified residence (urban area, OR=0.316, 95%CI: 0.201-0.498), sedentary duration (<3 h/d, OR=0.349, 95%CI: 0.232-0.525; 3-5 h/d, OR=0.458, 95%CI: 0.313-0.671), physical activity (≥3 times/week, OR=0.551, 95%CI: 0.373-0.815), sleep quality (poor, OR=2.491, 95%CI: 1.738-3.571), social isolation (OR=1.688, 95%CI: 1.148-2.481) and self-rated health (poor, OR=5.857, 95%CI: 3.547-9.671; normal, OR=1.903, 95%CI: 1.234-2.937) as the influencing factors for depression and anxiety symptoms among the elderly. Conclusion The prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms among the elderly is associated with residence, sedentary duration, sleep quality, physical activity, social interactions and self-rated health status.

In this paper, a kind of skin dressing, agarose- grafting- hyaluronic acid (Ag-g-HA) sponge was applied to test the modified agarose based scaffold for skin regeneration. The bFGF loading agarose-grafting hyaluronan scaffold had homogenous porosities, and the loaded bFGF was bioactive in 2 weeks. The Ag-g-HA sponge was applied into skin of mice, and it was found that the dressing promoted skin regeneration and no infection and leakage in lesion site took place. H&E staining results showed that the repaired skin was similar to autologous skin. These demonstrate that Ag-g-HA sponge has a promise in skin regeneration.
Animals ; Bandages ; Female ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 ; physiology ; Hyaluronic Acid ; therapeutic use ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Polysaccharides ; isolation & purification ; therapeutic use ; Random Allocation ; Seaweed ; chemistry ; Sepharose ; isolation & purification ; therapeutic use ; Surgical Sponges ; Wound Healing ; drug effects ; Wounds and Injuries ; therapy

Objective: To understand the real experience and feelings of self injurious cutting in adolescents with depression, to provide guidance for clinical targeted interventions. Methods: During November 2021 to May 2022, 19 adolescent patients with depression who had cut themselves as the type of non suicidal self injury were recruited from a tertiary first class psychiatric hospital in Chengdu, Sichuan Province. All the participants were interviewed in a semi structured manner, which used the interpretative phenomenological analysis to analyze the transcription data. Results: The experience and feelings of non suicidal self injury in adolescent with depression could be summarized into five themes: self injury thoughts that arise under external interference; self injurious behavior in a thousand thoughts; painful but a happy experience of self injury; cutting as the most frequently selected form of non suicidal self injury; decreases in self injurious behavior reduced when they feel love and responsibility. Conclusion Non suicidal self injury of adolescent patients with depression are affected by various factors. Clinicians should provide targeted clinical care according to the characteristics of patients, as well as the no suicide contract, alternative skills of non suicidal self injury behaviors, and a multi dimensional social support platform with the families of patients.

Objective To evaluate diagnostic method and treatment strategy for free floating thrombus in carotid artery.Methods From Ju12016 to Oct 2017,7 patients with free floating thrombus in carotid artery was diagnosed at our department.The medical history,symptoms,diagnosis,treatment strategy and prognosis of those patients were analyzed retrospectively.Results Among 7 patients,4 were symptomatic;4 patients were concomitant with severe carotid artery stenosis and 3 with mild to moderate stenosis.3 received carotid endarterectomy and patch angioplasty.4 received carotid artery stenting with distal cerebral protection divice.There was no perioperative and 30-day stroke,myocardial infarction,death or hyperperfusion syndrome occurred.The 12-month follow up showed no restenosis,no free floating thrombus recurrence and no ischemic cerebrovascular event.Conclusion Free floating filling defect in carotid artery is a typical sign for unstable plaque.Both carotid endarterectomy and carotid artery stenting can be used for the treatment of free floating thrombus.

Background: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive neuromuscular disorder mainly caused by homozygous deletions that include exon 7 of the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene. A nearby paralog gene, SMN2, obstructs the specific detection of SMN1. We optimized a duplexed real-time PCR approach using locked nucleic acid (LNA)-modified primers to specifically detect SMN1. Methods: An LNA-modified primer pair with 3´ ends targeting SMN1 specific sites c.835-44g and c.840C was designed, and its specificity was examined by real-time PCR and Sanger Sequencing. A duplexed real-time PCR approach for amplifying SMN1 and control gene albumin (ALB) was developed. A randomized double-blind trial with 97 fresh peripheral blood samples and 25 dried blood spots (DBS) was conducted to evaluate the clinical efficacy of the duplexed approach. This new approach was then used to screen 753 newborn DBS. Results: The LNA-modified primers exhibited enhanced specificity and 6.8% increased efficiency for SMN1 amplification, compared with conventional primers. After stabilizing the SMN1 test by optimizing the duplexed real-time PCR approach, a clinical trial validated that the sensitivity and specificity of our new approach for detecting SMA patients and carriers was 100%. Using this new approach, 15 of the screened 753 newborns were identified as carriers via DBS, while the rest were identified as normal individuals. These data reveal a carrier rate of 1.99% in Hunan province, South Central China. Conclusions We have developed a novel, specific SMN1 detection approach utilizing real-time PCR with LNA-modified primers, which could be applied to both prenatal carrier and newborn screening.

Objective:To investigate the diagnosis, classification and treatment of pancreatic duct stones (PDS) .Methods:Clinical data and prognosis of 32 patients with PDS treated in our hospital from Jan. 2010 to Dec. 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The treatment methods were summarized.Results:All 32 cases were diagnosed with PDS by imaging examinations such as B ultrasonography, CT, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) or magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) . The diagnosis accuracy was 81.3% (26/32) for B-ultrasound, 86.2% (25/29) for CT, 90.4% (19/21) for MRCP, and 100% (8/8) for ERCP. According to the location of stones and intraoperative exploration, the 32 patients were divided into 3 groups: Type I, 17 patients, the stones were located in the main pancreatic duct; TypeⅡ, 11 patients, the stones were located in both main and branch pancreatic duct; Type Ⅲ, 4 patients, the stones were located in the branch pancreatic duct. Different treatment methods were employed according to the different types. No patient died in the perioperative period. 11 (34.3%) patients had postoperative complications. 3 (9.3%) patients had postoperative residual stones. 32 cases were followed up for a period of 6 to 60 months. The abdominal pain and steatorrhea disappeared or significantly improved postoperatively. 2 patients complicated with pancreatic cancer died 12 to 35 months after operation.Conclusions:The treatment and diagnosis of the PDS still remains complicated. Imaging examinations are the main methods for diagnosis of PDS. The accurate classification and individual treatment are important. Surgery is the most commonly used method for PDS.