With the development of science and technology, electronic devices have become an inevitable part of our daily life and work. There has been an increase of interest in the use of various video display terminals(VDT). The ocular surface is the first barrier of the visual system to resist the damage of the external environment. In recent years, the number of patients with dry eye has consistently increased with the excessive use of VDT. Blue light produced by VDT, with wavelengths ranging from 400 to 500 nm, has a high energy in visible light. Therefore, blue light may also be an important risk factor for dry eye. In particular, the outbreak of COVID-19 has left people worldwide suffering from increased blue light, which promotes further research into dry eye caused by blue light emitted from VDT. In this review, we summarize the recent studies on the role of blue light produced by VDT in dry eye to provide reference for future related research.

Objective To understand the surveillance situation of poliovirus in Guangzhou from 2011 to 2024, and to further strengthen polio surveillance and ensure the continued maintenance of a polio-free status. Methods An analysis was conducted on the discovery and investigation results of six cases of vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) detected in Guangzhou. Results A total of 6 VDPV incidents were reported in Guangzhou from 2011 to June 2024, among which 5 incidents were from sewage sample testing in the Liede Sewage Treatment Plant in Guangzhou, all of which were confirmed as VDPV, with 1 for type I, 1 for type II, and 3 for type III. In addition, one confirmed HFMD case was identified as a type VDPV II carrier. No presence of any wild poliovirus (WPV), VDPV cases, or circulating VDPV (cVDPV) was reported. Conclusion Guangzhou City has maintained a high level of vigilance and effectiveness in the monitoring and prevention of polio. Continuously strengthening the construction of the polio monitoring network, optimizing vaccination strategies, and comprehensively improving public health awareness are still the focus of the prevention and control work in the future.

In this research， a comprehensive examination of historical materia medica， medical literature， medical books and contemporary literature was conducted to systematically compile and verify the naming， origin， geographical variations， quality， medicinal properties and processing of Tremolitum， and combined with the physical analysis of 15 batches of samples， with a view to providing a basis for the quality evaluation. The evidences unequivocally support Yangqishi as the rectification of name， while alternative aliases include Baishi， Shisheng， Yangjushi and Yangshi. The primary source of Tremolitum has been the silicate hornblende mineral tremolite throughout recorded history， and its accompanied minerals are mainly chlorite， talc schist， anthophyllite asbestos， etc. In ancient times， the main production area of Tremolitum was situated in the "Yaoshan Mountain" region of Jinan， Shandong province. Presently， it is primarily produced in Hubei， Henan， Shanxi， Hebei and Shandong provinces. The ancient quality evaluation of Tremolitum includes "white color"， "wolf teeth"， "cloud head and rain foot"， "heron hair"， etc. While， modern materia medica mostly evaluates its quality in terms of color， luster and texture， including the characteristics of needle bundle， grayish-white， glossy and easy to be twisted and crushed. Tremolitum is slightly warm， non-toxic， and possesses a salty taste. It is associated with the kidney meridian， known for its benefits in nourishing the fire of the gate of life， warming the kidneys and strengthening the Yang. Common processing methods include fire calcination， elutriation， and processing with wine. Additionally， there is an exclusive processing method known as the "ascending Tremolitum method". Through the X-ray diffraction（XRD） analysis， the commercially available Tremolitum is mainly composed of tremolite［Ca₂Mg₅（Si₄O₁₁）₂（OH）₂］， and the accompanied minerals are calcite and quartz， etc. Its color includes white， light gray， light green and so on， and it is weight and soft texture， irregular cross-section， with obvious fibrous texture and mostly glassy luster. Among the commercially available Tremolitum， samples with high content of tremolite are characterized by high quality features， such as "white color"， "heron hair" and "ease of tearing". Also， Tremolitum is the Fe-bearing heterogeneous species of tremolite， and the two are often symbiotic. Therefore， by the herbal textual research and the comparison of the properties and composition of Tremolitum and its similar species， it has been verified that the primary source of Tremolitum is the silicate hornblende minerals tremolite and actinolite.

Aiming to provide the foundation for the quality evaluation， in this paper， a comprehensive examination of historical materia medica， medical books and modern literature was conducted to systematically compile and verify the naming， origin and quality of Stalactitum， combined with the phase analysis of 20 batches of samples. The investigation indicates that before the Qing dynasty， Stalactitum was often referred to as Shizhongru， and there are other aliases such as Xuzhong， Xiashi and Huangshisha. In addition， there are some homologous mixed names such as Konggongnie， Yinnie， Ruchuang， Ruhua， but Zhongrushi is more commonly used. The descriptions of Stalactitum in ancient materia medica align with modern carbonate mineral calcite， slightly conical or cylindrical in shape， mostly white， grey and yellow in colour， often with a hole in the centre， and has a calcium carbonate content of 95% or more. Historical quality assessments include phrases such as gooseneck tube， cicada wing， bright and white， and brightness， the gloss is the most crucial feature. Modern evaluations encompass features like white color， hollow interior， brightness， multiple layers of patterns， and cross-sectional mask spark-like luminosity. Under the scanning electron microscope， Stalactitum showed obvious layered characteristics and uniform particle size， while the OS Balanophylliae was irregular. By comparing the characteristics and micro-features of Stalactitum from different batches， along with X-ray diffraction（XRD） and determination of calcium carbonate， the phase composition of different batches of Stalactitum was roughly similar， all of them were dominated by calcite， with magnesium calcite as an additional ingredient， the content of CaCO₃ was relatively higher for those with brightness and a lot of spark-like luminosity， which were key features of its quality evaluation， the white color could be used as a quality reference， and layered patterns and papillary bulge could be used as a medicinal material identification feature， which were basically consistent with the results of herbal textual research. This study can provide a reference for the quality evaluation of mineral medicines， and can better guide their clinical use and rational utilization of resources.

Objective To investigate the genetic causes of auditory neuropathy with optic atrophy in a family.Methods The proband's medical history and family history were inquired in detail,and relevant clinical examina-tions were performed to confirm the diagnosis of auditory neuropathy with optic atrophy,and the genetic pedigree of the family was drawn.Peripheral blood of proband(Ⅲ-7)was collected for whole exome sequencing,and the patho-genicity of the detected mutations were interpreted.Blood samples of proband's wife(Ⅲ-8),eldest daughter(Ⅳ-7),second daughter(Ⅳ-9)and son(Ⅳ-10)were tested for mutation sites by Sanger sequencing.Combined with clinical manifestations and examination results,the family was studied.Results The genetic pattern of this family was autosomal dominant.The proband showed decreased visual acuity at the age of 19,bilateral sensorineural deaf-ness at the age of 30,and decreased speech recognition rate.Among 20 members of the family of 5 generations,10(2 deceased)showed similar symptoms of hearing and visual impairment.Proband(Ⅲ-7),eldest daughter(Ⅳ-7)and son(Ⅳ-10)underwent relevant examination.Pure tone audiometry showed bilateral sensorineural deafness.ABR showed no response bilaterally.The 40 Hz AERP showed no response in both ears.OAE showed responses in some or all of the frequencies.No stapedial reflex was detected.The eye movement of Ⅲ-7 and Ⅳ-10 were reasona-ble in all directions,and color vision was normal.Ocular papilla atrophy was observed in different degrees in fundus examination.OCT showed thinning of optic disc nerve fibers in both eyes,and visual evoked potential showed pro-longed P100 wave peak.They were diagnosed as hereditary auditory neuropathy with optic atrophy.A mutation of the OPA1 gene c.1334G＞A(p.Arg445His,NM_015560.2)at a pathogenic locus on chromosome 3 was detected by whole exon detection in Ⅲ-7.The results of generation sequencing analysis showed that the OPA1 gene c.1334G＞A(p.Arg445His,NM_015560.2)mutation of chromosome 3 was also found in Ⅳ-7 and Ⅳ-10.Meanwhile,the gen-otypes of Ⅲ-8 and Ⅳ-9 were wild homozygous,that is,no mutation occurred.Conclusion The OPA1 c.1334G＞A(p.Arg445His,NM_015560.2)mutation site might be the pathogenic mutation in this family.

Background Air pollution is a major public health concern. Air Quality Health Index (AQHI) is a very important air quality risk communication tool. However, AQHI is usually constructed by single-pollutant model, which has obvious disadvantages. Objective To construct an AQHI based on the joint effects of multiple air pollutants (J-AQHI), and to provide a scientific tool for health risk warning and risk communication of air pollution. Methods Data on non-accidental deaths in Yunnan, Guangdong, Hunan, Zhejiang, and Jilin provinces from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2018 were obtained from the corresponding provincial disease surveillance points systems (DSPS), including date of death, age, gender, and cause of death. Daily meteorological (temperature and relative humidity) and air pollution data (SO₂, NO₂, CO, PM_2.5, PM₁₀, and maximum 8 h O₃ concentrations) at the same period were respectively derived from China Meteorological Data Sharing Service System and National Urban Air Quality Real-time Publishing Platform. Lasso regression was first applied to select air pollutants, then a time-stratified case-crossover design was applied. Each case was matched to 3 or 4 control days which were selected on the same days of the week in the same calendar month. Then a distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) was used to estimate the exposure-response relationship between selected air pollutants and mortality, which was used to construct the AQHI. Finally, AQHI was classified into four levels according to the air pollutant guidance limit values from World Health Organization Global Air Quality Guidelines (AQG 2021), and the excess risks (ERs) were calculated to compare the AQHI based on single-pollutant model and the J-AQHI based on multi-pollutant model. Results PM_2.5, NO₂, SO₂, and O₃ were selected by Lasso regression to establish DLNM model. The ERs for an interquartile range (IQR) increase and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for PM_2.5, NO₂, SO₂ and O₃ were 0.71% (0.34%–1.09%), 2.46% (1.78%–3.15%), 1.25% (0.9%–1.6%), and 0.27% (−0.11%–0.65%) respectively. The distribution of J-AQHI was right-skewed, and it was divided into four levels, with ranges of 0-1 for low risk, 2-3 for moderate risk, 4-5 for high health risk, and ≥6 for severe risk, and the corresponding proportions were 11.25%, 64.61%, 19.33%, and 4.81%, respectively. The ER (95%CI) of mortality risk increased by 3.61% (2.93–4.29) for each IQR increase of the multi-pollutant based J-AQHI , while it was 3.39% (2.68–4.11) for the single-pollutant based AQHI . Conclusion The J-AQHI generated by multi-pollutant model demonstrates the actual exposure health risk of air pollution in the population and provides new ideas for further improvement of AQHI calculation methods.

Objective: To diagnose a large family of patients with hereditary angioedema, and to study its inheritance pattern and gene locus. Methods: A retrospective analysis was carried out from August 2021 to February 2022 in a proband (female, 48 years old) and 12 family members who underwent medical history collection and laboratory examinations in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University. The clinical data of members and non-affected members [including 7 males and 5 females, aged 12-78 (median 24) years old], were drawn a family map while confirming the diagnosis. Whole exome sequencing technology was used to detect the genetic sequence of the proband and to verify its family members to map the genetic pedigree of the mutation. Results: The inheritance pattern of the family was autosomal dominant, and 8 members of the family were diagnosed with hereditary angioedema by laboratory examination, including 7 cases of type I and 1 case of type Ⅱ. Whole exome sequencing analysis was performed on 2 patients with 2 phenotypes, and it was found that they both carried the same pathogenic mutation locus, which was c.890-2A>G. The family members were verified by next-generation sequencing, and it was found that all members of the family who had a history of edema contained this mutation site, while the younger brother of the proband who had no history of edema did not have this mutation. Conclusion: Both type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ phenotypes are present in this hereditary angioedema family, and the mutation of SERPING1 gene c.890-2A>G causes the onset of each patient in this family.
Angioedemas, Hereditary/genetics* ; Asian People ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Retrospective Studies

Objective:To identify the threshold of a health warning system based on the association of apparent temperature and years of life lost (YLL).Methods:Daily mortality records and meteorological data were collected from 364 Chinese counties for 2006-2017. Distributed lag nonlinear model and multivariate Meta-analyses were applied to estimate the association between the apparent temperature and YLL rate. A regression tree model was employed to estimate the warning thresholds of the apparent temperature. Stratified analyses were further conducted by age and cause of death.Results:The daily YLL rate was 23.6/10 5. The mean daily apparent temperature was 15.7 ℃. U-shaped nonlinear associations were observed between apparent temperature and YLL rate. The actual temperature-caused YLL rate for the elderly was higher than the young population. The daily excess deaths rate increased with the higher effect levels. Conclusions:Regression tree model was employed to define the warning threshold for meteorological health risk. The present study provides theoretical support for the weather-related health warning system.

Objective To compare the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in Guangzhou and Wenzhou, and evaluate the effectiveness of their prevention and control measures. Methods Data of COVID-19 cases reported in Guangzhou and Wenzhou as of 29 February, 2020 were collected. The incidence curves of COVID-19 in two cities were constructed. The real time reproduction number ( R t ) of COVID-19 in two cities was calculated respectively. Results A total of 346 and 465 confirmed COVID-19 cases were analysed in Guangzhou and Wenzhou, respectively. In two cities, most cases were aged 30-59 years (Guangzhou: 54.9%; Wenzhou: 70.3%). The incidence curve peaked on 27 January, 2020 in Guangzhou and on 26 January, 2020 in Wenzhou, then began to decline in both cities. The peaks of imported COVID-19 cases from Hubei occurred earlier than the peak of COVID-19 incidences in two cities, and the peak of imported cases from Hubei occurred earlier in Wenzhou than in Guangzhou. In early epidemic phase, imported cases were predominant in both cities, then the number of local cases increased and gradually took the dominance in Wenzhou. In Guangzhou, the imported cases was still predominant. Despite the different epidemic pattern, the R t and the number of COVID-19 cases declined after strict prevention and control measures were taken in Guangzhou and in Wenzhou. Conclusion The time and scale specific differences of imported COVID-19 resulted in different epidemic patterns in two cities, but the spread of the disease were effectively controlled after taking strict prevention and control measures.

Objective To assess the imported risk of COVID-19 in Guangdong province and its cities, and conduct early warning. Methods Data of reported COVID-19 cases and Baidu Migration Index of 21 cities in Guangdong province and other provinces of China as of February 25, 2020 were collected. The imported risk index of each city in Guangdong province were calculated, and then correlation analysis was performed between reported cases and the imported risk index to identify lag time. Finally, we classified the early warming levels of epidemic by imported risk index. Results A total of 1 347 confirmed cases were reported in Guangdong province, and 90.0% of the cases were clustered in the Pearl River Delta region. The average daily imported risk index of Guangdong was 44.03. Among the imported risk sources of each city, the highest risk of almost all cities came from Hubei province, except for Zhanjiang from Hainan province. In addition, the neighboring provinces of Guangdong province also had a greater impact. The correlation between the imported risk index with a lag of 4 days and the daily reported cases was the strongest (correlation coefficient: 0.73). The early warning base on cumulative 4-day risk of each city showed that Dongguan, Shenzhen, Zhongshan, Guangzhou, Foshan and Huizhou have high imported risks in the next 4 days, with imported risk indexes of 38.85, 21.59, 11.67, 11.25, 6.19 and 5.92, and the highest risk still comes from Hubei province. Conclusions Cities with a large number of migrants in Guangdong province have a higher risk of import. Hubei province and neighboring provinces in Guangdong province are the main source of the imported risk. Each city must strengthen the health management of migrants in high-risk provinces and reduce the imported risk of Guangdong province.