Objective To elucidate that AIDS is not equal to any disease of TCM. Methods Previous literatures on differentiating the difference between AIDS and its similar TCM termed diseases as "Fuqiwenbing", "Wendu", and "Xulao" were reviewed and further discussion on the differences was performed by the author. Results Many scholars draw a conclusion that AIDS is not equal to any of TCM diseases or syndromes by their detailed research, comparison and analysis. Conclusion AIDS is not any of TCM termed disease, but it can be treated with the successful experience of TCM in treating other traditional diseases.

Objective:To find the best synthesis method of 6-benzyl-1-[ ( benzyloxy ) methyl ]-3-hydro-xy-5-(hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione e for observing the change of its biological activity after N-3 hydroxylation .Methods:After trying some N-hydroxylation methods , the target compound was successfully synthesized via one-pot oxidizing process by sodium hydride ( NaH) and 3-chloroperbenzoic acid( m-CPBA);the anti-HIV reverse transcriptase ( RT) activity and integrase ( IN) activity of the tar-get compound was assayed via enzyme-linked immunesorbent assay ( ELISA) and phosphorylation of DNA package method .Results:The target compound could be obtained through the improved m-CPBA oxida-tive method by only one step , and the yield of the reaction could reach 60%-70%.And the structure of this compound was identified by 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR and MS;The activity result showed it added the an-ti-HIV IN activity after N-3 hydroxylation as well as retained the anti-HIV RT activity.Conclusion:The improved m-CPBA oxidative method is a convenient and efficient way to prepare the compound 6-benzyl-1-[(benzyloxy)methyl]-3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione e which has both anti-HIV RT and IN activity .

Objective To compare the image quality and patient radiation dose of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) received by prospectively-gated step-and-shoot (SAS) technique with those obtained by retrospectively-gated spiral (RGS) technique on a 256-slice CT scanner. Methods A total of 200 patients were enrolled in this study. One hundred patients underwent CCTA with SAS mode were subdivided into two groups: ( 1 ) 50 patients with an average heart rate (HR) ≤70 bpm were scanned with a data acquisition time window centered at the 75％ of the R-R cycle ( group A) and (2) 50 patients with HR ＞ 70 bpm were scanned with the data acquisition time window centered at the 45％ of the R-R cycle, including a phase tolerance of ±％ (group B). Other 100 patients underwent CCTA with RGS mode and ECG-based tube current modulation were also subdivided into two groups: (3) 50 patients with HR ≤70 bpm were scanned with cardiac dose right set to phase of 75％ (group C) and (4) 50 patients with HR ＞ 70 bpm were scanned with cardiac ose Rdight set to phases of 45％ and 75％ (group D). All patients were grouped in randomized order. The image quality of CCTA were evaluated using a rank scale from 1 to 4 ( 1 : excellent ; 4 : non-assessable ) .Radiation dose of the four groups received was also estimated. The image quality between groups was compared by Mann-Whitney U test.The radiation dose between groups was compared by t test. For the 100 patients received by prospective ECG-gated CCTA, the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to analyze the CCTA image quality and average heart rate to determine the uppercutoff of HR for obtaining diagnostic coronary images with SAS mode. A spearman correlation analysis was also performed to analyze the correlation of HR and image quality in patients underwent CCTA with SAS mode.Results Of 2338 coronary artery segments, excellent or good image quality( score of 1 or 2) was achieved in 96. 5％ (585 of 606) in group A, 77.7％ (445 of 573 ) in B,96. 1％ (548 of 570) in C, and 85. 7％ (505/589) in D, with no significant difference for A vs C(Z ＝- 1. 351 ,P ＞0. 05) and with significant differenceS for B vs D (Z＝ -2. 236,P ＜0. 05). Linear correlation analysis indicated a significant degradation of image quality with the increase of heart rate using SAS mode (Spearman correlation, r ＝ 0. 577, P ＜0. 01 ). ROC analysis established an upper HR threshold of 78 bpm for obtaining diagnostic image quality using SAS mode( AUC ＝ 0. 827, P ＜ 0. 05 ). The average radiation dose in group A [ ( 2. 6 ± 0. 5 ) mSv]reduced 75 ％ comparing with that in group C [ ( 10. 6 ± 2. 3 ) mSy], and the average radiation dose in group B [ ( 4.0 ± 0. 7 ) mSy]reduced 69％ comparing with that in group D [ ( 13.0 ± 1. 4) mSv]. ConclusionUsing SAS mode to perform low-dose CCTA with 256-slice helical CT could keep the image quality and reduce radiation dose significantly. Our preliminary experience suggests a good promise of this technique which could be applied to a wider group of patients such as with higher heart rates.

Objective To investigate image quality and radiation dose of prospective ECG-gated coronary combined with carotid and cerebrovascular angiography and compare it with common coronary CTA and carotid-cerebrovascular CTA at a 256-slice spiral CT.Methods Fifty-seven patients were included in the study.The data was analyzed retrospectively and divided into 3 groups.Group 1 underwent coronary combined with carotid CTA ( n =17 ),which included a wide range of prospective ECG-gated coronary,carotid and cerebral vascular one-stop angiography.Group 2 underwent coronary CTA ( n =20),which was routine prospective ECG-gated coronary angiography.Group 3 underwent routine carotid and cerebrovascular CTA (n =20).Mean CT image attenuation and image noise were measured in the ascending aorta root,proximal parts of the bilateral common carotid artery and vertebral artery,and in the internal carotid artery at sellae level in the axial plane.Coronary artery image quality was rated using a four-point ordinal scale and carotid cerebral vascular image quality was rated using a three-point ordinal scale.Radiation dose were calculated.Mean CT image attenuation,image noise and radiation dose were compared among the 3 groups using t test.Using Mann-Whitney U,the coronary artery imaging quality was compared between group 1 and 2,and image quality of cerebral vessels was compared between group 1 and 3.Results Mean CT image attenuation [ (427 ±50) HU in group 1 and (426 ±86) HU in group 2] and image noise of the ascending aorta root [ (30 ± 9) HU in group 1 and (31 ± 9) HU in group 2 ] showed no statistical difference between group 1 and 2 (t =0.058,-0.325,P ＞0.05).There were no non-diagnosis coronary segments in group 1 and 2.And coronary segments with excellent or good image quality reached 98.1％ (202/206) in group 1 and 99.6％ ( 244/245 ) in group 2.It showed no significant difference between group 1 and 2 ( Z =-0.572,P ＞ 0.05 ).There were significant differences of mean CT image attenuation in the common carotid artery between group 1 [ ( 474 ± 70 ) HU ] and group 3 [ ( 348 ± 81 ) HU ],and in the vertebral artery between group 1 [(447 ±83)HU] and group 3 [(328 +66) HU] (t =5.043,4.869,P＜0.05).However,there was no significant difference of mean CT image attenuation in the internal carotid artery [ (370 ± 92) HU in group 1 and ( 367 ± 97 ) HU in group 3 ] ( t =0.111,P ＞ 0.05 ).There was a significant difference of image quality scores of carotid and cerebrovascular arteries between group 1 and 3 (Z =- 3.306,P ＜ 0.05 ).Effective radiation dose of groups 1,2,3 were ( 7.0 ± 0.8 ),( 3.1 ± 0.4 ) and (5.0 ± 0.3) mSv respectively.Conclusion The prospective ECG-gated coronary combined with carotid and cerebrovascular angiography is able to obtain diagnostic image quality of coronary,carotid and cerebral vascular at the 256-slice spiral CT.It is a simple,fast,noninvasive way to assess coronary and carotid cerebrovascular arteries,with advantages of less contrast medium and low radiation dose.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical features of ischemic stroke in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

METHODSThe clinical data of the nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients with ischemic stroke treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University between January 2006 and December 2013 were collected.

RESULTSAmong 3 822 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma 10 patients suffered from acute ischemic stroke. The 10 patients were males and their age ranged from 39 to 70 years old, with an average age of 51 years. All of the patients were found with squamous cell carcinoma, with metastasis in 7 of them. Among the 10 patients, only 3 patients had with traditional risk factors for ischemic stroke, but no traditional risk factor was found in other 7 patients; 2 patients showed single lesion in brain and 8 patients with two or more lesions due to the blockage of multiple cerebral arteries; 7 patients showed an elevated plasma D-dimer level.

CONCLUSIONIt is suggested that the acute ischemic stroke occurring in the patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma commonly lacks traditional risk factors, with elevated plasma D-dimer levels and multiple lesions due to involvement of several cerebral arteries.

Adult ; Aged ; Brain ; pathology ; Carcinoma ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; complications ; China ; Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products ; analysis ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; complications ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Risk Factors ; Stroke ; complications

Objective To investigate the heterogeneity of chemosensitivity in colorectal cancer using an ATP-tumor chemosensitivity assay (ATP-TCA) and the feasibility of individual chemotherapy.Methods An ATP-TCA were used to determine the effect of 16 single or combined cytotoxic drugs in surgical specimens from 50 patients with colorectal cancer.Results There were considerable differences in chemosensitivity between individuals.The most active single drugs in the assay was identified as Navelbine, Hydroxycamptothecin, 5-Fluorouracil and Paclitaxel; 34.1%, 31.6%, 27.6% and 24.3% of specimens showed sensitivity to them, respectively.5-Fluorouracil+Mitomycin+Aytarabine was found to be the most effective combination, for 100% (11/11)specimens were sensitive to this regimen.5-Fluorouracil+Cisplatin+Adriamycin and Gemcitabine+Cisplatin were moderately active regimens.Conclusions There was the heterogeneity of the in vitro chemosensitivity in colorectal cancer.The use of the ATP-TCA provides a method of selecting appropriate anti-cancer drugs in colorectal cancer.

Objective To explore the efficacy of early aggressive debridement with implant retention, primary wound clo-sure, closed suction drain without irrigation and antibiotic therapy for the treatment of delayed deep infection after spinal fixation. Methods 4057 patients were underwent dorsal spinal fixation from January 2010 to June 2014. Among them, 42 cases of de-layed deep infection after operation were included in the study. There were 25 males and 17 females, with an average age of 68.6± 8.1 years (ranged from 53 to 83 years). The diagnosis of delayed deep infection was based on the time of onset, clinical symptoms and signs, imaging and laboratory findings. Surgical debridement was performed immediately after diagnosis of infection. In addi-tion, devitalized and necrotic tissue and biofilms which adhered to the surface of the implant were removed meticulously and thor-oughly. Primary wound closure was performed in each patient, and closed suction drains were maintained for about 7-10 d without irrigation. Routine sensitive antimicrobial drugs was applied for 3 months after operation. Results 42 cases were all followed up for 24 to 72 months with an average of 46 months. Among the 42 infected patients, 3 patients were underwent posterior cervical spine surgery and 39 patients were underwent posterior lumbar spine surgery. There were 13 cases of staphylococcus aureus infec-tion, 7 cases of escherichia coli infection, 3 cases of ESBL escherichia coli infection, 3 cases of enterobacter cloacae infection, 2 cases of MRSA, 2 cases of acinetobacter baumannii infection, 2 cases of klebsiella pneumoniae infection, 1 case in enterococcus faecium and pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus haemolyticus, respectively. There were still 7 patients with negative bacterial culture. 41 cases retained their implant, whereas 1 staphylococcus aureus infection patient had the implants removed be-cause of loosening during debridement. Nevertheless, primary wound healing was found in all patients, and stitches were removed 2 to 3 weeks after debridement. Infections were effectively controlled with no recurrence of infection during the follow-up. The av-erage erythrocyte sedimentation rate was (65.76±20.08) mm/h preoperative, (41.43±14.65) mm/h 1 month postoperative, (10.81±2.72) mm/h 6 months postoperative, and (8.10±5.46) mm/h 12 months postoperative, respectively, the differences were statistically significant. The average C reactive protein was (40.55±16.91) mg/L preoperative, (6.50±2.46) mg/L 1 month postoperative, (4.31± 1.26) mg/L 6 months postoperative, and (3.83±1.50) mg/L 12 months postoperative, respectively, the differences were statistically significant. The average procalcitonin was (0.47±0.28) ng/ml preoperative, (0.08±0.06) ng/ml 1 month postoperative, (0.06±0.03) ng/ml 6 months postoperative, and (0.05±0.00) ng/ml 12 months postoperative, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant. Conclusion A timely diagnosis, aggressive and meticulous debridement, high vacuum closed-suction drain, routine and adequate use of antibacterial agents are keys to successfully resolving infection and maintaining implant retention in the treat-ment of delayed deep infection after spinal fixation.

Objective:To explore the prevalence and risk factors of exit-site infection (ESI) in elderly peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients.Methods:The status of exit-site was evaluated in elderly PD patients (≥60 years) who had catheter insertion in our center between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2013, with follow-up for 1 year or withdrawing from peritoneal dialysis in this period. The patients were divided into ESI and non-ESI group. The data was collected including demographics, clinical features, and nursing care methods of the exit-site.Results:A total of 247 patients were recruited in this study, aged (68.6±6.2) years, among whom there were 132 male (53.4%) and 119 diabetes (48.2%). Median follow-up time was 12.0 months. Thirty-two patients had 34 episodes of ESI with a rate of 82.5 patient-months per episode (0.15 episodes per year). Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was the main pathogen, accounting for 35.3% of the ESI. No bacterial growth was found in 8.8%. The exit-site nursing care status included that poor compliance of exit-site care 23.5%, poor catheter immobilization 62.3%, history of catheter-pulling injury 9.7%, mechanical stress on exit-site 5.3%, improper frequency of nursing care 29.6%, mupirocin usage 13.8%, patients taking exit-site care 26.7%, exit-site caregiver instability 16.6%. There were no differences in demographic (such as age, gender, primary disease, etc) and laboratory data (hemoglobin, serum albumin, blood potassium, etc) between the ESI and non-ESI groups. Poor compliance with exit-site care ( HR=2.352, 95% CI 1.008-5.488, P=0.048), poor catheter immobilization ( HR=3.074, 95% CI 1.046-9.035, P=0.041) and exit-site caregiver instability ( HR=2.423, 95% CI 1.004-5.845, P=0.049) were significantly correlated with increased risk of ESI. Conclusions:The prevalence of ESI in elderly PD patients was 0.15 episodes per year. Educating PD patients to improve the compliance with exit-site care, maintain catheter immobilization and do exit-site care by a stable and trained caregiver may reduce ESI events in elderly PD patients.

Colostrum provides essential nutrients and immunologically active factors that are beneficial to newborns. Our previous work demonstrated that milk contains large amounts of miRNA that is largely stored in milk-derived microvesicles (MVs). In the present study, we found that the MVs from colostrum contain significantly higher levels of several immune-related miRNAs. We hypothesized that the colostrum MVs may transfer the immune-related miRNAs into cells, which contribute to its immune modulatory feature. We isolated colostrum MVs by ultracentrifugation and demonstrated several immune modulation features associated with miRNAs. We also provide evidence that the physical structure of milk-derived MVs is essential for transfer miRNAs and following immune modulation effect. Moreover, we found that colostrum powder-derived MVs also contains higher levels of immune-related miRNAs that display similar immune modulation effects. Taken together, these results show that MV-containing immunerelated miRNAs may be a novel mechanism by which colostrum modulates body immune response.
Animals ; Cattle ; Cell Movement ; Cell Proliferation ; Colostrum ; metabolism ; Cytokines ; metabolism ; Female ; Liposomes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Macrophages ; immunology ; metabolism ; Mice ; MicroRNAs ; immunology ; metabolism ; Milk ; immunology ; metabolism ; Phagocytosis ; Pregnancy ; Ultracentrifugation

ObjectiveTo investigate the Character of Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) in detoxification addicts in reeducation center.Methods100 detoxification addicts in reeducation center were evaluated.ResultsThe results showed that the mean scores of all factors in detoxification addicts were higher than those of normal population, and there was difference between different drug dependence addicts.ConclusionThe detoxification addicts shows serious psychological disorders.