Objective To analyze what will create after oxidation in Shenchang Injection, the oxidated mechanism, and isomerous conversion of ?-asarone and borneol in it. Methods To analyze the sample of Shenchang Injection before and after oxidation by GC-MS and to compare the composition of ?-asarone and borneol before and after sterilization. Results Some of ?-asarone was oxidized and changed to asarylaldehyde (about 0.88%—2.82% of total composition ) and saishinone (about 0.24%—0.46% of total composition), some of the borneol and isoborneol was oxidized and changed to camphor when three samples of Shenchang Injection are oxidized; some of ?-asarone (cis-) change to ?-asarone (trans-, about 1%—2%), (7.85?7.27)% of the isoborneol (cis-) changed to borneol (trans-) when sterilized at 100 ℃ for 30 min. Conclusion ?-Asarone and borneol in Shenchang Injection are involved in the oxidated reaction and have isomerous conversion after high pressure sterilization.

To investigate the quality of different parts of Radix Fici Hirtae. The content and components of volatile oils and ethanol-extracts from different parts of Radix Fici Hirtae were analyzed by the combination of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The content of volatile oils in the cortex was higher than that in the xylem and the chemical components either in the cortex or in the xylem are similar. The main components in volatile oils are hexadecanoic acid, oleic acid+linoleic acid, linoleic acid amide, palmitic acid amide,stearic acid amide and dibutyl phthalate. The main components in ethanol-extracts are psoralen, hexadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester, bergapten, oleic acid and linoleic acid. The content of psoralen in the cortex was higher than that in the xylem.[Conclusion]The chemical components in different parts of Radix Fici Hirtae are similar but the contents of volatile components and psoralen are higher in the cortex than those in the xylem.

BACKGROUND:The construction of tissue engineered skin needs a long time and high price, and the repair effects are poor. Moreover, the problems such as antigen elimination and disease propagation are not thoroughly solved. How to solve the tough problem of wound surface repair in patients lacking of autologous skin using current mature technology before the occurrence of ideal tissue engineered skin.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of autologous composite skin constructed around expanders on the repair of the wound surface.
METHODS:A total of 10 rabbits were selected. Two globular silica gel expanders were embedded subcutaneously in the symmetrical sites on the back of rabbits. After the expanders were covered by fiber kystis, cellsuspension of primary cultured skin epithelial cells (experimental group) or physiological saline (control group) were infused into lacuna between the expander. Four weeks later, the expanders were obtained. Experimental group presented epithelization, i.e., autologous composite skin. The skin and some fiber members on the top of the expanders were resected around the encystations. The fiber kystis on the bottom and surrounding the expanders was left to form the wound surface covered by autologous composite skin. However, the wound surface was covered by non-epithelization fiber kystis in the control group. The healing of wound surface was observed until recovered.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In the experimental group, the wound surface was ruddy and pure, with less secretion;the average healing time was (14.0±0.4) days;the microscopic appearance indicated that epithelial layer was thick and regular. In the control group, there was more secretion on wound surface;the average healing time was (27.0±0.7) days;the microscopic appearance indicated that epithelial layer was thin and irregular. These results suggested that the construction of autologous composite skin around the expanders could noticeably promote the healing of wound surface.

Objective To investigate the applicability of the digitized standard of GC-MS characteristic fingerprint in GC. Methods The GC-MS and GC were used to analyze the essential components of thirteen batches of Amomum villosum samples. The digitized standard of characteristic fingerprint of Amomum villosum essential oil was compared with the result of the samples detected by GC-MS and GC. Results Ten essential characteristic components have been identified in thirteen batches of Amomum villosum samples,and their relative content was (88.15?2.97)%,which are the representative components. The main components were ?-pinene,camphene,?-pinene,?-myrcene,limonene,linalol,camphor,isoborneol,borneol and borneol acetate. With the ten components as indexes,the sample similarity calculated by cosin method was 0.994～1.000 when analyzed by GC-MS and GC,0.978～0.999 when analyzed by GC-MS and the digitized standard of GC-MS characteristic fingerprint,and 0.986～0.998 when analyzed by GC and the digitized standard of GC-MS characteristic fingerprint. Conclusion The digitized standard of GC-MS characteristic fingerprint of Amomum villosum can be used in GC,which will ensure the comparison of results obtaining at different time by different types of machines,on different chromatographic columns and under different conditions. The method can be used for quality evaluation of Amomum villosum.

BACKGROUND: Theories concerning the pathogenesis of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) are various, such as blood supply dysfunction, lipid metabolism disorder, increased intraosseous pressure, osteocyte apoptosis, gene polymorphism and immunity, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.OBJECTIVE: To review the pathogenesis of ONFH, thus providing clues for the study on ONFH.METHODS: Search strategy femoral head necrosis OR osteonecrosis of femoral head AND pathogenesis OR mechanism was used to search articles published between 1985 to 2017 in PubMed, Embase, and Medline databases.Meanwhile, CNKI, WanFang and VIP databases were searched with Chinese keywords of femoral head necrosis,pathogenesis from 1985 to 2017. Finally, 39 articles were included for retrospective analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: ONFH is a complex disease caused by a variety of factors, among which, biomechanics plays an important role in its occurrence and development. The internal mechanic strength of the femoral head is reduced or the imbalance between external stress and inner structures of femoral head caused by various risk factors leads to micro-fractures of the trabeculae, stress concentration and repeated destruction and repair. When the destruction rate exceeds the repair speed, the femoral heads eventually collapse. Most of ONFH cases are sporadic, but its familial aggregation has been reported; therefore, it may be related with genetic factor.

Objective To investigate the experience of laparoscopic complete mesocolic excision ( CME) for colon cancer. Methods There were102 patients,of which 68 cases with colon cancer were performed laparoscopic CME,34 cases were treated by traditional surgery. The 2 groups were reviewed retrospectively. Results As compared with the traditional group,the operation time,time of first flatus,hospital stay in the CME group increased. The postoperative suction drainage was decreased in CME group. The CME group had less blood loss and more mean lymph nodes clearance than the traditional group. The complication incidences had no significant differences between 2 groups. Conclusion Laparoscopic CME for colon cancer,with the advantages of less tumor spreading and more thoroughly lymph node dissection,is worthy of clinical application.

Objective To compare the image quality and patient radiation dose of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) received by prospectively-gated step-and-shoot (SAS) technique with those obtained by retrospectively-gated spiral (RGS) technique on a 256-slice CT scanner. Methods A total of 200 patients were enrolled in this study. One hundred patients underwent CCTA with SAS mode were subdivided into two groups: ( 1 ) 50 patients with an average heart rate (HR) ≤70 bpm were scanned with a data acquisition time window centered at the 75％ of the R-R cycle ( group A) and (2) 50 patients with HR ＞ 70 bpm were scanned with the data acquisition time window centered at the 45％ of the R-R cycle, including a phase tolerance of ±％ (group B). Other 100 patients underwent CCTA with RGS mode and ECG-based tube current modulation were also subdivided into two groups: (3) 50 patients with HR ≤70 bpm were scanned with cardiac dose right set to phase of 75％ (group C) and (4) 50 patients with HR ＞ 70 bpm were scanned with cardiac ose Rdight set to phases of 45％ and 75％ (group D). All patients were grouped in randomized order. The image quality of CCTA were evaluated using a rank scale from 1 to 4 ( 1 : excellent ; 4 : non-assessable ) .Radiation dose of the four groups received was also estimated. The image quality between groups was compared by Mann-Whitney U test.The radiation dose between groups was compared by t test. For the 100 patients received by prospective ECG-gated CCTA, the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to analyze the CCTA image quality and average heart rate to determine the uppercutoff of HR for obtaining diagnostic coronary images with SAS mode. A spearman correlation analysis was also performed to analyze the correlation of HR and image quality in patients underwent CCTA with SAS mode.Results Of 2338 coronary artery segments, excellent or good image quality( score of 1 or 2) was achieved in 96. 5％ (585 of 606) in group A, 77.7％ (445 of 573 ) in B,96. 1％ (548 of 570) in C, and 85. 7％ (505/589) in D, with no significant difference for A vs C(Z ＝- 1. 351 ,P ＞0. 05) and with significant differenceS for B vs D (Z＝ -2. 236,P ＜0. 05). Linear correlation analysis indicated a significant degradation of image quality with the increase of heart rate using SAS mode (Spearman correlation, r ＝ 0. 577, P ＜0. 01 ). ROC analysis established an upper HR threshold of 78 bpm for obtaining diagnostic image quality using SAS mode( AUC ＝ 0. 827, P ＜ 0. 05 ). The average radiation dose in group A [ ( 2. 6 ± 0. 5 ) mSv]reduced 75 ％ comparing with that in group C [ ( 10. 6 ± 2. 3 ) mSy], and the average radiation dose in group B [ ( 4.0 ± 0. 7 ) mSy]reduced 69％ comparing with that in group D [ ( 13.0 ± 1. 4) mSv]. ConclusionUsing SAS mode to perform low-dose CCTA with 256-slice helical CT could keep the image quality and reduce radiation dose significantly. Our preliminary experience suggests a good promise of this technique which could be applied to a wider group of patients such as with higher heart rates.

Objective To investigate image quality and radiation dose of prospective ECG-gated coronary combined with carotid and cerebrovascular angiography and compare it with common coronary CTA and carotid-cerebrovascular CTA at a 256-slice spiral CT.Methods Fifty-seven patients were included in the study.The data was analyzed retrospectively and divided into 3 groups.Group 1 underwent coronary combined with carotid CTA ( n =17 ),which included a wide range of prospective ECG-gated coronary,carotid and cerebral vascular one-stop angiography.Group 2 underwent coronary CTA ( n =20),which was routine prospective ECG-gated coronary angiography.Group 3 underwent routine carotid and cerebrovascular CTA (n =20).Mean CT image attenuation and image noise were measured in the ascending aorta root,proximal parts of the bilateral common carotid artery and vertebral artery,and in the internal carotid artery at sellae level in the axial plane.Coronary artery image quality was rated using a four-point ordinal scale and carotid cerebral vascular image quality was rated using a three-point ordinal scale.Radiation dose were calculated.Mean CT image attenuation,image noise and radiation dose were compared among the 3 groups using t test.Using Mann-Whitney U,the coronary artery imaging quality was compared between group 1 and 2,and image quality of cerebral vessels was compared between group 1 and 3.Results Mean CT image attenuation [ (427 ±50) HU in group 1 and (426 ±86) HU in group 2] and image noise of the ascending aorta root [ (30 ± 9) HU in group 1 and (31 ± 9) HU in group 2 ] showed no statistical difference between group 1 and 2 (t =0.058,-0.325,P ＞0.05).There were no non-diagnosis coronary segments in group 1 and 2.And coronary segments with excellent or good image quality reached 98.1％ (202/206) in group 1 and 99.6％ ( 244/245 ) in group 2.It showed no significant difference between group 1 and 2 ( Z =-0.572,P ＞ 0.05 ).There were significant differences of mean CT image attenuation in the common carotid artery between group 1 [ ( 474 ± 70 ) HU ] and group 3 [ ( 348 ± 81 ) HU ],and in the vertebral artery between group 1 [(447 ±83)HU] and group 3 [(328 +66) HU] (t =5.043,4.869,P＜0.05).However,there was no significant difference of mean CT image attenuation in the internal carotid artery [ (370 ± 92) HU in group 1 and ( 367 ± 97 ) HU in group 3 ] ( t =0.111,P ＞ 0.05 ).There was a significant difference of image quality scores of carotid and cerebrovascular arteries between group 1 and 3 (Z =- 3.306,P ＜ 0.05 ).Effective radiation dose of groups 1,2,3 were ( 7.0 ± 0.8 ),( 3.1 ± 0.4 ) and (5.0 ± 0.3) mSv respectively.Conclusion The prospective ECG-gated coronary combined with carotid and cerebrovascular angiography is able to obtain diagnostic image quality of coronary,carotid and cerebral vascular at the 256-slice spiral CT.It is a simple,fast,noninvasive way to assess coronary and carotid cerebrovascular arteries,with advantages of less contrast medium and low radiation dose.

Objective To compare the biomechanical properties of Gamma3 and InterTan nails in the fixation of femoral intertrochanteric fractures. Methods Twelve synthetic femora of 4th generation were randomized into 4 equal groups ( n=3 ) for assessment of the 2 constructs of fracture fixation ( Gamma3 versus InterTan nails ) . Groups A and B were made into models of stable femoral intertrochanteric fracture (AO/OTA type 31-A1. 1) and groups C and D into unstable ones(AO/OTA type 31-A2. 3) . The biomechanical properties of Gamma3 and InterTan nails in the 4 models were tested and compared. Results For stable fracture models, the fracture gap movement increased with the increasing axial load and the torque increased with the increasing torsion angle. There were significant differences between groups A and B in fracture gap movement and torque ( P <0. 05 ) . There was no significant difference between groups A and B in failure load ( 5, 855. 5 ± 627. 8 N versus 5, 547. 1 ± 365. 4 N ) ( P > 0. 05 ) . For unstable fracture models, there were no significant differences between groups C and D in fracture gap movement when the axial loads were 500 N, 600 N or 700 N ( P > 0. 05 ) , but there was a significant difference between the 2 groups when the axial load was larger than 800 N ( P <0. 05 ) . With the increasing torsion angle, the torque increased in groups C and D. There was a significant difference between the 2 groups in the torque at the same torsion angle ( P <0. 05 ) . There were a significant difference between groups C and D in failure load ( 2, 781. 5 ± 600. 6 N versus 3, 150. 5 ± 633. 8 N ) ( P=0. 007 ) . Conclusions For stable femoral intertrochanteric fractures, InterTan and Gamma3 nails may exhibit similar biomechanical properties. For unstable femoral intertrochanteric fractures, InterTan nails may provide obviously better biomechanical stability than Gamma3 nails.

Objective To investigate the impact of peritoneal albumin leakage on malnutrition-inflammation-atherosclerosis (MIA) syndrome in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. Methods A cross-sectional study of a cohort of 130 CAPD patients without edema or active infection was performed. In order to identify peritoneal transport characteristics in CAPD patients, a standard peritoneal equilibration test (PET) was carried out. For malnutrition and inflammation, serum albumin and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels were measured. Mean-carotid artery intima media thickness (IMT) was used to determine atherosclerosis. Residual glomerular filtration rate (rGFR) was defined as the average of 24-hour urinary urea and creatinine clearances. Results Pearson and Spearman correlation analysis showed that peritoneal albumin leakage amount was positively correlated with age, body mass index, night dwell time, blood glucose, 4 h D/P creatinine levels and hs-CRP levels (r=0.204, P<0.05 ;r=0.314, P<0.01; r=0.265, P<0.01; r=0.212, P<0.05; r=0.401, P<0.01; r=0.216, P<0.05); whereas it was negatively correlated with diastolic perssure, serum albumin levels, glucose level of dialyzate and peritoneal Kt/V (r=-0.209, P<0.05; r=-0.123, P<0.05; r=-0.271, P<0.01; r=-0.212, P<0.01). Overall, there was no correlation between peritoneal albumin leakage and IMT. Patients was significantly greater (P<0.01), and there was a positive correlation between peritoneal albumin leakage amount and IMT (r=0.650, P<0.01). Conclusions Peritoneal albumin leakage is significantly associated with peritoneal transport characteristics, malnutrition and inflammatory state in CAPD patients. High peritoneal albumin leakage amount is a risk factor for atherosclerosis in patients with rGFR less than 1 ml·min-1(1.73 m2)-1.