Objective To compare the therapeutic effect of endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) and β-blockers plus isosorbide mononitrate (ISMN) in prevention of esophageal varieeal re-bleeding. Methods The randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on EVL and β-blockers plus ISMN for the prevention of esophageal varieeal re-bleeding were searched, and only the results from those with Jadad score higher than 3 were eval-uated with RevMan 4. 2 software for odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%C1). Analysis of sensitivity was performed on the quality of the data and publication bias was investigated with funnel plots. Results Four trials matched the criteria were recruited including 504 cases with a follow-up from 8 to 25 months. There was no significant difference in rates of re-bleeding (OR =0. 93, 95% CI =0. 41 ～ 2. 11 ; P = 0. 87), re-bleeding due to esophageal varices (OR = 0. 68, 95% CI = 0. 19 ～ 2. 37 ; P = 0. 54), therapy-re-lated adverse effects (OR = 1.12, 95% CI =0. 75 ～ 1.67, P = 0. 57), severe adverse events (OR = 0. 89, 95% CI =0. 47 ～ 1.67, P = 0. 71), bleeding-related mortality (OR = 2. 11, 95% CI = 0. 88 ～ 5.08, P = 0. 10), or overall mortality (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 0. 95 ～ 2. 24, P = 0. 09) between EVL and β-blockers plus ISMN groups. However, a trend towards lower bleeding-related mortality and overall mortality favored drug therapy. There was no heterogeneity found in the outcomes apart from re-bleeding (P = 0. 003) or re-bleeding from esophageal varices (P <0. 0001). The result of sensitivity analysis remained statistically sta-ble. Symmetric funnel plots showed there was no evidence of publication bias. Conclusion EVL and β-blockers plus ISMN show an equivalent efficacy and safety for the prevention of esophageal variceal re-bleed-ing. There is a trend towards lower bleeding-related mortality and overall mortality in drug therapy. But EVL is free from drug-related side effects, and its adverse events are similar to those of drug therapy. Thus, either of the two approaches can be used as the first choice for prophylaxis of re-bleeding of esophageal varices.

There are no anatomic or physiologic criteria for the diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and the disease is defined mainly on exclusion of organic lesions. Therefore, quite a few patients with IBS are not promptly diagnosed and treated. It is important to apply RomeⅡCriteria, instead of its limitation, in those who have abdominal pain with relief by defecation, sensation of incomplete evacation after defacation, passage of rectal mucus and abdominal distention, and to employ endoscope and laboratory studies necessary for those with "red flags" to exclude organic diseases. Recent advances in the research of IBS demonstrated that predisposing factors such as intestinal inflammation may contribute to changes in the intestinal mucosal immune system, resulting in hypersensitivity of afferent nerves and abnormal intestinal motility. Severe life events or/and chronic depression are more likely to associate with the patterns of IBS and its severity, and to have relation with post infection IBS. Behind the above mentioned factors there may exist specific genetic abnormality.

Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is a non-Alzheimer dementia syndrome characterized by focal atrophy of the frontal and/or temporal lobes. Recently, it has been found that FTLD is related to the degeneration of tau protein, and is closely associated with corticobasal ganglionic degeneration, progressive supranuclear palsy, and motor neuron disease. This article reviews the progress in etiology, genetics, pathology, clinical features, and diagnostic criteria of FTLD.

By exploring the fitting teaching methods and models oriented to these foreign students,the problems such as language,teaching materials,objectives existing in the basic medicine subjects teaching for South-Asian students are discussed,in order to further enhance the quality of teaching and reinforce the international cooperation of medicine education.

Objective To identify the effect of oral cod liver oil on serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D [25 (OH)D] level in breast-fed infants during winter.Methods Healthy newborn infants were recruited at Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics between December 2009 and February 2010 for the self-controlled study.Serum samples were obtained with 2 ml umbilical cord blood for each neonate.The neonates received vitamin D supplementation in the form of oral cod liver oil from 15 days to 4 months after birth.For each exclusively breastfed infant,2 ml fasting venous blood was collected at the end of postnatal 4 months to separate serum.Serum 25 (OH) D concentrations of the infants were determined with umbilical cord blood serum and venous blood serum.Results Altogether 43 exclusively breastfed infants were enrolled,including 26 boys and 17 girls.The mean serum 25 (OH)D concentration in umbilical cord blood was (20.9 ± 5.1) nmol/L (12.5-32.1 nmol/L).All the neonates were vitamin D deficient.The mean serum 25 (OH) D concentration in infants at 4 months was (106.3 ± 42.4) nmol/L (30.2-208.5 nmol/L).Among the infants,the serum 25 (OH) D level was ＜ 50 nmol/L in 4 infants (the rate of vitamin D deficiency being 9.3％),50-75 nmol/L in 7,75-150 nmol/L in 25,and ≥150 nmol/L in 7.A positive correlation was detected between serum 25(OH)D level and cod liver oil dose (r =0.530,P =0.001).The average percentage of the missed doses (missed doses/prescribed doses) was 36.1％,negatively correlated with serum 25 (OH)D level (r =-0.634,P =0.001).Conclusions Vitamin D deficiency is common among infants born during winter in northern China.Daily oral intake of cod liver oil in infants can significantly increase serum 25 (OH) D level; However,the prevention of vitamin D deficiency cannot be ensured if doses are missed.

Objective To explore the natural forgetters' episode memory and personality characteristics.Methods Situational Self-Awareness Scale(SSAS),Russell Loneliness Scale and Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory(ZTPI)are used upon 127 natural forgetters and subjects of control group.in which 90 subjects participate tions,natural forgetters performance worse than subjects of control group(t=1.76 one-tail,P＜0.05),but subjects getters score lower in the SSAS and the future subscale of ZTPI(t1=1.73,P＜0.05 one-tail;t 2=2.70,P＜0.05),and tend to endorse in the present fatalistic subscale of ZTPI(t=2.19,P＜0.05),but don't feel more lonely.Conclusion Natural forgetters episodic memory is selectively micro-injured under the enactment conditions,which is different from the aging impairment mode of selective source memory,and they have some special personality characteristics.

Objective To understand the effect of insulin-like growth factorⅠ (IGFⅠ) on the adaptation of the small intestine in growth hormone (GH)-treated rats. Method 20 SD rats were randomized into GH group and STD group. Parenterally fed, short bowel rat models were established. The morphological changes of the intestinal mucosal epithelia were examined, serum GH, IGFⅠ concentrations were determined by RIA method. The local intestinal IGFⅠ mRNA was evaluated by Northern blot method. Result At the end of the study, mucosal thickness, villous height, crypt depth in GH group (471?16, 299?17, 161?20 ?m respectively) increased significantly compared to that in STD group (374?13, 212?19, 96?9 ?m respectively, all P

Objective To study the primary volume of bone cement and the method of perfusion and the clinical effect of percutaneous vertebroplasty for bone metastatic tumors. Methods Percutaneous vertebroplasty was performed in 218 vertebral bodies of total 150 patients,including 92 males and 58 females with age of 26-85,averaging 56.8 y. 218 vertebral bodies included 73 dorsal vertebra and 138 lumber vertebra and 7 sacral vertebra. Operations were taken under the DSA monitoring. The approach route was selected according to the morphology of the vertebrae,damage extent and puncture site. Results Operation was successful in all 218 vertebrae of total 150 patients with a ratio of 100%. The primary volume of bone cement needed to fill dorsal vertebra was 2-5 ml,average 3.5 ml; that for lumber vertebra was 3-8 ml,average 5.5 ml; and that for sacral vertebra was 4-7,average 5.5 ml. 134 patients showed total pain relief (89.3%); 15 patients had partial remission (10%) and 1 failure (0.7%). The cement extravasated to intervertebral disk in 12 patients,to scleromeninx capsula externa in 10,to para-vertebra plexus venosus in 3 and to paravertebra soft tissue in 4. The incidence of leakage of bone cement was 13.3%,but no complications occurred during and after the operation. Concolusion Percutaneous vertebroplasty provides obvious pain relief effect for vertebral metastasis,worthy to be recommended widely in clinical application.

AIM:To investigate the effect of tanshinone IIA on the apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothe -lial cells (HUVECs) after high glucose treatment.METHODS:The cell viability was determined by MTT assay.The cell apoptotic rate was examined by flow cytometry with Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining .The expression of Bcl-2 and Bax, and the release of mitochondrial cytochrome C ( Cyt C) were analyzed by Western blotting .RESULTS: Tanshinone IIA significantly inhibited high glucose-induced decrease in cell viability and increased the cell apoptosis .Additionally, after tanshinone IIA treatment , Bax expression and the release of mitochondrial Cyt C were significantly inhibited , while Bcl-2 expression was increased .CONCLUSION: Tanshinone IIA prevents high glucose-induced endothelial cell apoptosis via mitochondria-dependent pathway .

ObjectiveTo explore the relative model for psychological resources and poverty attributions of migrant workers in adversities in the aim of understanding poverty problems in China Mainland and find out the factors for tolerance in systematic unjustness.MethodsChina Mainland Poverty Attribution Questionnaire (CMPAQ) ,Simple Coping Style Questionnaire(SCSQ),Resilience Scale (CD-RISC),Locus of Control subscale (I_E) and Thrift subscale (T_E) of CPAI-2 were used upon 398 rural migrant workers,in which 301 were valid.Results ①Deseription statistic: compared with national model,migrant workers score higher in positive coping style subsonic(1.92±0.45),and lower in negative coping style subscale (1.46±0.66),lower in CD-RISC (60.98±14.26) ,higher in I_E subscale (5.53±2.17) and lower in T_E subscale 7.48 + 1.77) ; Scores on the subscales of CMPAQ were separately overburden-fate (3.25±0.90),institution-unjustness (3.45±1.03),personal-competence(3.72±0.78),personal-quality (3.03±1.04),and geographical-environment (3.07±0.97).②Regress analysis:positive coping style can clearly positively predict personal-competence and personalquality attribution,while negative coping style can clearly positively predict all other factors.Resilience(CD-RISC)can clearly positively predict personal-competence attribution.The standard regression coefficient (β) of inner locus of control (I_E) to overburden-fate was negatively significant,while that of thrift (T_E) to all the poverty attribution factors was not significant.All variables other than negative coping style couldn' t clearly predict institution-unjustness attribution.ConclusionThe study discovered some positive psychological resources in rural migrant workers.These resources help them attribute poverty to personal competence but stand in tolerance for institutional unjustness.