The aim of this study was to look for the chemical constituents of the bulbs of Fritillaria anhuiensis S.C.Chen et S.E.Yin. The bulbs of Fritillaria anhuiensis were extracted with 95% EtOH at reflux. Isolation and purification were performed by silica gel column chromatography. Structures of pure compounds were established on the basis of spectral analysis. Three compounds were obtained and identified as 12,15-epoxy-8(17),13-labdadien-19-ol (1), ent-3β-acetoxy-kauran-16β,17-diol (2), ent-kaurane-3β,16β,17-triol (3). Compound 1 is a new labdane-type diterpenoid. Compounds 2 and 3 were obtained from Fritillaria anhuiensis for the first time.

Objective To evaluate the toxic effect of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis(Bti)wettable powder against Ae-des,Culex and Anopheles larvae. Methods The biological assay was applied to test the lethal concentration of 50%(LC50)of Bti wettable powder against Aedes,Culex and Anopheles larvae. Results The LC50(s) of Bti wettable powder against Aedes albopictus, Culex pipiens pallens and Anopheles sinensis larvae were 0.104,0.160μg/ml and 0.324μg/ml,respectively;its biological poten-cies against them were 0.125,0.192 IU/ml and 0.389 IU/ml,respectively. The LC50(s) of continuous contact of Bti wettable powder with An. sinensis stageⅢlarvae for 1,2 d and 3 d were 0.324,0.092μg/ml and 0.032μg/ml,respectively,and its biological po-tencies were 0.389,0.110 IU/ml and 0.038 IU/ml,respectively. The LC50(s) of the bacteria against An. sinensis stageⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳwere 0.024,0.137,0.324 μg/ml and 0.450 μg/ml,respectively,and the biological potencies were 0.029,0.164,0.389 IU/ml and 0.540 IU/ml,respectively. Conclusion Bti wettable powder has a good toxicity to Aedes,Culex and Anopheles larvae,espe-cially for the latter two. It is better to apply the bacteria at the early stage of mosquito larvae.

Objective To explore the effect of different temperatures on the different development stages of Aedes albopic?tus. Methods The changes at different development stages of mosquitoes(egg,larva,pupae)and gonotrophic cycle were ob?served at different temperature conditions of 10,15,20,25,30,35℃and 40℃. The full developmental cycles were com?pared during different temperatures. Results All the stages of the mosquitoes could not develop at 10℃. Under the different temperatures of 15,20,25,30,35℃and 40℃,the hatchabilities of the mosquitoes were 0,32%,82%,83%,82%and 59%respectively;the pupation rates of the mosquitoes were 38%,53%,84%,88%,72%and 42%respectively;and the emer?gence rates of the mosquitoes were 92% 95% 97% 97% 83%and 17%respectively. The mosquitoes could well develop at 20 25 30℃and 35℃ the development time was 37.73 18.50 16.92 and 13.66 days respectively. Conclusion The devel?opment time of Aedes albopictus is shorter at the higher temperature. The optimum temperature for the mosquitoes to develop is between 25-30℃ and higher or lower the temperatures will suppress the development of the mosquitoes.

Objective To understand the population,density,seasonal fluctuation and nocturnal pattern of malaria vectors in Jiangsu Province,thus to provide evidences for malaria elimination in this province. Methods Seven counties(cities,dis?tricts)were selected as the monitoring sites for malaria vectors in Jiangsu Province from 2013 to 2015. The mosquitoes were cap?tured by human bait trapping in bed nets and mosquito?lured lamp overnight,and the seasonal fluctuation and nocturnal pattern of malaria vectors were observed. Results A total of 11 041 Anopheles sinensis mosquitoes were captured by the mosquito?lured lamps in 7 counties of Jiangsu Province from 2013 to 2015,and no An. anthropophagous was found. Among all the 7 monitoring sites,the number of An. sinensis captured in Sihong County was the most(6 742 mosquitoes),while that in Xuyu County was the least(34 mosquitoes). During this period,the density peaks of An. sinensis were the first half of July,the first half of August and the second half of July. A total of 2 421 An. sinensis were collected in 7 monitoring sites from 2013 to 2015 by human bait trapping in bed nets overnight. Among all the 7 monitoring sites,the captured number of An. sinensis in Sihong County was the most(1 085 mosquitoes),while that in Ganyu County was the least(13 mosquitoes). The nocturnal peak of An. sinensis was from 19:00 to 20:00 and 525 An. sinensis mosquitoes were captured during this period of time,which accounted for 21.68%of the total. Hereafter,the captured number of An. sinensis reduced over time. Conclusion The density of An. sinensis mosquitoes is still high in individual areas in Jiangsu Province,so the epidemic and vector monitoring still should be strengthened to prevent the local transmission of imported malaria.

Objective To understand the malaria epidemic situation and characteristics in Jiangsu Province in 2013,so as to provide the evidence for formulating and adjusting effective malaria elimination strategies and measures. Methods The re-ported malaria cases from the Internet Reporting System and the epidemiological data of malaria in Jiangsu Province were collect-ed and analyzed. Results A total of 341 malaria cases were reported in Jiangsu Province in 2013 with the incidence of 0.050/10 000,which increased by 72.22% compared with that in 2012(198 cases). All the cases were imported from other countries including one infected by blood transfusion resulted from imported infection. The cases were mainly distributed in Li-anyungang City(15.84%,54 cases),Nantong City(14.08%,48 cases),Yangzhou City(14.08%,48 cases),Huaian City (11.44%,39 cases)and Yancheng City(8.50%,29 cases). All the cases were confirmed in Jiangsu Provincial Reference Labo-ratory and there were 286 cases of Plasmodium falciparum,8 cases of P. vivax,9 cases of P. malariae,30 cases of P. ovale and 8 cases of mixed infections. Conclusions There were no local malaria cases reported from Jiangsu Province in the last two years which reflected effective achievements of malaria elimination. However,the situation of imported malaria is more serious and the species of infected plasmodium are more diverse. Imported malaria from other countries remains the key of malaria con-trol in Jiangsu Province.

Objective To discuss nursing ways to prevent frontal pressure sores for children after cochlear implantation.Methods A total of 267 cases with sensorineural deafness were selected and divided into the control group (admitted from December 2012 to July 2013,115 cases) and the observation group (admitted from August 2013 to March 2014,152 cases) randomly.Skin preparation was done routinely,general nutritional condition and frontal skin condition were evaluated before operation.The control group used conventional elastic bandage after surgery.The observation group used Allevyn Thin foam dressing to cover the forehead skin before pressure dressing by elastic bandage.The incidence of frontal pressure sores was compared between two groups.Results Two cases occurred frontal pressure sores in the observation group and 31 cases in the control group,x2=39.736,P ＜ 0.01.Patients in the control group with pressure sore focused within 1-2 years old,totally 18 cases.Conclusions Nurses should attach great importance to younger children with cochlear implantation to prevent pressure sores.Nursing staff should keep update knowledge of prevention and treatment of pres-sure ulcers,accurately assess skin conditions and risk factors in patients and adopt precautions predictably.

Objective To understand the malaria epidemic situation and characteristics in Jiangsu Province in 2012,so as to provide the evidence for formulating and adjusting effective malaria elimination strategies and measures. Methods The reported malaria cases from the Internet Reporting System and the epidemiological data of malaria in Jiangsu Province were collected and analyzed. Results A total of 198 malaria cases were reported in Jiangsu Province in 2012 with the incidence of 0.026/10 000, which decreased by 47.06%compared with that in 2011(374 cases). A total of 198 malaria cases were reported from 13 prefec-tures of Jiangsu and the cases were mainly distributed in Yangzhou(34 cases),Nantong(31 cases),Nanjing(22 cases),Tai-zhou(21 cases),Xuzhou(17 cases)and Huaian(17 cases),which accounted for 71.72%(142/198)among the total cases of the province. There were no local malaria cases reported from Jiangsu in 2012,and the imported malaria cases from other countries de-creased by 45.15%compared with that in 2011. Conclusions For the first time,there are no local malaria cases reported from Ji-angsu in 2012. However,the imported case distribution is further expanded and the infected plasmodium parasites are more di-verse. Imported malaria from other countries remains the key for malaria control in Jiangsu Province.

Objective To supply the basic research material for the optimal collecting time of Herba Andrographis. Methods A RP - HPLC method was used for the determination of Andrographolide and 14 - Deoxy - 11, 12 - didehy-droandrographolide from the stems and leaves of Herba Andrographis (cultured under GAP) in various growing periods on a Lichrospher RP - C18 (4. 6 mm? 250 mm, 5?m) column. The mobile phase was methanol - water (60:40), and the detection wavelength were set at 226 nm and 254 nm respectively. Results In different growing periods , contents of Andrographolide and 14 - Deoxy-11, 12 - didehydroandrographolide were higher in the sample collected in August and September. And for the same batch of sample, the contents in leaves are higher than those in the stems. Conclusion The phenophase from staminal time to pre - flowering period is the optimal collecting time for this herbal medicine, and leaves as medical part will be better than other parts.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the constituents of the Annona squamosa and evaluate their anti-tumor activity.

METHODThe compounds were isolated and purified by various column chromatography. Their structures were elucidated by spectral data analysis. Their anti-tumor activity was assayed by SRB method.

RESULTEleven compounds were obtained from the 95% EtOH extract. The structures were determined as: annosquamosin C(1),15, 16-epoxy-17-hydroxy-ent-kau-ran-19-oic acid (2),16,17-dihydroxy-ent-kau-ran-19-oic acid(3), annosquamosin A(4), ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (5), 19-nor-ent-kauran4-ol-17-oic acid (6),16-hydroxy ent-kau ran-19-oic acid (7), ent-15beta-hydroxy-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (8), annosquamosin B (9), ent-16beta, 17-dihydroxykauran-19-al (10), 16, 17-dihydroxy-ent-kauran-19-oic acid me thyl ester (11). Compounds 1,2,3,5,9 showed different inhibitory activities against 95-D lung cancer cells,the effect of compound 5 was strongest with the IC50 value 7.78 micromol x L(-1); Compounds 2, 5, 9 showed inhibitory activities against A2780 ovarian cancer cells, the effects of compounds 2 and 9 were strong with the IC50 values being 0.89, 3.10 micromol x L(-1), respectively.

CONCLUSIONCompound 2 was firstly isolated from this family, while compound 8 and 10 were first found from this genus and the title species, respectively. The in vitro anti-tumor test showed compound 5 significantly inhibited 95-D lung cancer cells and compounds 2 and 9 exhibited remarkbale activity against A2780 ovarian cancer cells.

Objective This study investigated the application value of waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), body mass index (BMI), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) in screening for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and high risk of T2DM. Methods A total of 7 582 subjects aged 40-75 years were randomly selected and stratified based on the results of an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) administered during a standard screening for T2DM in the Shougang community.Three anthropometric indices(WHtR,BMI,and WHR) were compared, with the optimal cutoffs for WHtR, BMI, and WHR identified using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis and the area under the curve(AUC)of ROC,the associations between BMI,WHR,and WHtR and T2DM were analyzed by group: normal glucose tolerance group (n= 3 080), T2DM high-risk group (n= 2 992 cases), and T2DM group(n=1 510).Results Logistic regression analysis showed that BMI,WHR,WHtR,and family history of diabetes were positively correlated with T2DM and high risk of T2DM(P<0.05 and P<0.01,respectively);WHtR was most significant, with odds ratios of 90.409 and 69.285, respectively. WHtR had the greatest AUC under the ROC in men,whereas BMI had the greatest AUC in women.The optimal cutoffs values for the detection of T2DM were 0.51, 25.47 kg/m2, and 0.91 for WHtR, BMI, and WHR in men, respectively, and 0.52, 24.95 kg/m2, and 0.86 for WHtR, BMI, and WHR in women, respectively. WHtR was more efficient than WHR and BMI based on the AUC. The optimal cutoff values for detecting a high risk for T2DM were 0.51,25.30 kg/m2,and 0.91 for WHtR,BMI,and WHR in men and 0.51,24.81 kg/m2,and 0.86 for WHtR, BMI, and WHR in women, respectively. Conclusion Waist-to-height ratio may be a more effective index for diagnosing type 2 diabetes mellitus and identifying individuals at high risk for T2DM than BMI or WHR.