Objective:To investigate the effects of vitreous cryopreservation with tetramethylpyrazine on schwann’s cell apoptosis and the expression of regulating gens under differenttemperatures. Methods:48 sciatic nerves obtained from 24 SD rats were randomly divided into 2 groups (each with 24 nerves): experimental group(with tetramethy -lpyrazine,320mg/L)and control group(no tetramethylpyrazine). Experimental group included 4 subgroups :A B C D;and the control group included 4 subgroups: A’,B’,C’,D’(each with 6 nerves). All the corresponding subgroups werecryopreserved3weeksunderdifferenttemperature(sAA’:-4℃,BB’:-20℃,CC’:-80℃,DD’:-196℃).After 3 weeks,all the nerves were obtained for tests: ①HE staining for light-microscope test,② Schwann’S cell apoptosis was measured quantitatively by the terminal transferase UTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)method,③The expression of Bcl-2 and Bax was determined by immunohistochemisty technique. Results:Aside from D D’subgroups,the number of Schwann’s cell apoptosis in each experimental subgroup was significantly smaller than that in the corresponding control subgroup(P0.05). Conclusion:These findings suggest that at -20℃ vitreous cryopreservation with TMP can depress Schwann’S cell apoptosis of rat by regulating the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax.

Objective To evaluate the application value of the rabbit for training the basic skills of urologic laparoscopic surgery . Methods The rabbit models of laparoscopic nephrectomy ,ureteral anastomosis and pyeloureteroplasty were established ;in the self-made simulation training box ,8 clinical doctors without the actual operating experience of laparoscopic surgery participated in 10 rounds of simulation training by taking the 3 operation models .The operation completion time for each time was recorded .The learning curves and the training effects were observed .Results 8 doctors were successfully completed training .The operative time of laparoscopic nephrectomy was declined from (45 .75 ± 6 .88)min at the first time to (30 .75 ± 4 .53)min at the sixth time and (25 .86 ± 3 .31)min at the final time ;the operative time of laparoscopic ureteral anastomosis from (56 .75 ± 7 .13)min at the first time to(43 .00 ± 4 .34)min at the eighth time and(35 .50 ± 4 .04)min at the final time ;the operative time of laparoscopic pyeloureteroplas-tyfrom(77.38±5.34)minatthefirsttimeto(59.13±7.26)minatthefinaltime;thedifferenceswerestatisticallysignificant(P<0 .05) .Furthermore ,the probability of repeated sewing and tearing tissue were significantly decreased on the whole .The controlled stitch length and edge length also were more accurate .The quality and appearance of the complete operation were significantly im-proved .Conclusion Rabbit can be conveniently used to set up the animal models for training laparoscopic nephrectomy ,ureteral an-astomosis and pyeloureteroplasty ,which is suitable for clinical urologic doctors to train the basic operating skills of laparoscopic sur-gery .

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of Xuanyinning Recipe (XYNR) in inhibiting SPC-A-1 cellular infiltration and on the pathomorphological changes of peritoneum in mice inoculated with sarcoma 180 (S(180)). METHODS: On the bases of isolated culture of mouse peritoneal mesothelial cells, we adjusted and added the human lung adenocarcinoma cell line SPC-A-1 into the double-layer culture medium to observe the number of clones formed. We also took out the peritoneum from the mice administered with three different dosages of XYNR and observed its pathomorphological changes with transmission electron microscope. RESULTS: In the in vitro experiment, the number of clones of SPC-A-1 in culture medium with XYNR (50 microg/ml) decreased distinctly. In the in vivo experiment, it was observed that, in the peritoneum from the XYNR-treated mice inoculated with S(180), the mesothelial cells arranged more and more regularly with the increasing of the dosage of XYNR, while the mesothelial cells in the peritoneum of the mice in the control group necrosed and arranged loosely. CONCLUSION: XYNR can inhibit the invasion of SPC-A-1 cells. It also can improve the loose arrangement of the peritoneal mesothelial cells in mice inoculated with S(180), so as to inhibit the malignant effusion.

Objective To investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IL2RA-RBM17 region and vitiligo in the Chinese Mongolian population.Methods Five milliliters of venous blood samples were collected from 425 patients with vitiligo (patient group) and 503 healthy human controls (control group) of Mongolian nationality after informed consent,and genomic DNA was extracted with the AxyPrep DNA extraction kit (AP-MX-BL-GDNA-25).Nine SNPs were selected across the IL2RA-RBM17 region,including rs706779,rs3134883,rs7090530,rs12251307,rs4750005,rs3920615,rs4747887,rs4750012 and rs7099083.Ligase detection reaction (LDR) was performed for SNP genotyping.With the PLINK 1.07 and SPSS 11.0 packages,statistical analysis was carried out by the chi-square test for comparisons of allele and genotype frequencies between the patient group and control group.Linkage disequilibrium analysis was performed for 5 SNPs by calculating the r2 and D' values.Haplotype analysis of 5 related SNPs was conducted to investigate differences in haplotype frequencies between the patient group and control group.Results There were significant differences in allele frequencies of 5 SNPs,including rs4750005,rs3920615,rs4747887,rs4750012 and rs7099083,between the patient group and control group (all P ＜ 0.05).Under a dominant mode of inheritance,a significant decrease was observed in the frequencies of GG/GC genotypes of rs3920615,CT/CC genotypes of rs4747887,CT/CC genotypes of rs4750005,TC/TT genotypes of rs4750012 and AG/AA genotypes of rs7099083 in the patient group compared with the control group (all P ＜ 0.005 6).Moderate to strong linkage disequilibrium was observed between the 5 SNPs (D' =0.424-1,r2=0.137-0.985).Haplotype analysis showed that the frequency of a haplotype (H2:CGCTA) was significantly lower in the patient group than in the control group,and the difference reached statistical significance after Bonferroni adjustment (P=0.001 6,OR =0.674).Conclusion SNPs in the IL2RA-RBM17 region are associated with vitiligo in the Chinese Mongolian population.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the efficacy and safety of sequential chemotherapy on the basis of 5-FU combined with three-dimensional conformal intensity modulated radiotherapy in the treatment of postoperative advanced gastric cancer. METH-ODS:110 patients with advanced gastric cancer were randomly divided into control group(55 cases)and sequential group(55 cas-es). Control group was given 400 mg/(m2·d) 5-FU injection by intravenous injection,then given 600 mg/m2 for continuous infu-sion 22 h,d1-2+50 mg/d Pirarubicin hydrochloride for injection,intravenous injection,d1+150 mg/d Oxaliplatin for injection,intra-venous injection,d1,three-dimensional conformal intensity modulated radiotherapy was conducted for 2 weeks after the 4th chemo-therapy,and the total dosage was DT40-45 Gy/1.8 Gy/24-25F. sequential group was additionally given three-dimensional conformal intensity modulated radiotherapy;3-week was regarded as a treatment course,and it lasted 6 courses. The total survival rate and progression-free survival rate in 1,2 and 3 years,metastasis rate and incidence of adverse reactions in 2 groups were followed-up. RESULTS:The total survival rate and progression-free survival rate in 1,2 and 3 years in sequential group were significantly high-er than control group,lymphatic metastasis rate and distant metastasis rate in sequential group were significantly lower than control group,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). And there were no significant differences in the nausea,vomiting, hair loss and incidence of bone marrow suppression between 2 groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Sequential chemotherapy on the basis of 5-FU combined with three-dimensional conformal intensity modulated radiotherapy can effectively prolong the survival time and reduce long-term metastasis rate of patients in the treatment of postoperative advanced gastric cancer,with similar safety.

Objective To design a model of the content structure of websites of large scale modern hospitals which is in keeping with Chinas realities. Methods The First Hospital affiliated to the Fourth Military Medical University was selected as a representative of large scale modern Chinese hospitals and on the spot investigations were carried out. Investigations were also made via the Internet on ten famous domestic websites of hospitals affiliated to medical universities and the first ten American hospital websites as chosen by the American News Website in 2000. The opinions of 20 experts were collected and analyzed by means of expert consultation. Results The basic features of the websites of large scale modern hospitals were summed up and a content structure of websites of large scale modern hospitals, both advanced and in keeping with Chinas realities, was designed. Conclusion There is some regularity to follow in the website contents of large scale modern hospitals and the website contents of hospitals in China are turning from the stage of information to the stage of interaction.

Objective To test the clinical effects of the expiration control device with mask in the treat-ment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This device developed by the author. Methods A total of 102 pa-tients were treated by the device. Among them ,50 patients received positive end-expiratory pressure and 52 with expiratory flow retard and blocked function. Differences in carbon dioxide partial pressure(PaCO2),oxygen partial pressure(PaO2)and pH of the arterial blood gas analysis were compared ,as well as differences in forced vital ca-pacity(FVC),forced expiratory volume for1 sec(FEV1),tidal volume(VT)of pulmonary function before and af-ter treatment. Results (1) In the positive end-expiratory pressure group ,there were significant differences of FVC,FEV1 and VT before and after treatment(2.95 ± 0.32)L vs(3.22 ± 0.35)L,(1.88 ± 0.17)L vs(2.00 ± 0.15)L,(335.28 ± 43.59)mL vs(364.64 ± 44.28)mL,(P<0.01)differences of PaCO2,PaO2 and pH before and after treatment had statistical significance(50.42 ± 4.77)mmHg vs(48.42 ± 3.76)mmHg,(65.42 ± 4.60)mmHg vs (68.50 ± 4.69)mmHg,(7.35 ± 0.030)vs(7.37 ± 0.037)(P<0.05).(2)In the expiratory flow retard and blocked group,differences of FVC,FEV1andVT before and after treatment had statistical significance(2.93 ± 0.22)L vs (3.10 ± 0.27)L,(1.83 ± 0.14)L vs(1.91 ± 0.16)L,(335.48 ± 44.16)mL vs(362.46 ± 38.66)mL(P<0.05), differences of PaCO2,PaO2 and pH before and after treatment had statistical significance(52.39 ± 3.37)mmHg vs (50.06 ± 3.92)mmHg,(68.05 ± 3.80)mmHg vs(68.99 ± 4.57)mmHg,(7.34 ± 0.035)vs(7.37 ± 0.036)(P<0.05). Conclusion This device can improve the ventilation function in patients with COPD. It is easy to use ,safe and effective,with high clinical application value.

OBJECTIVE To investigate trans-fatty acids (TFA)contents in bakery food and assess TFA intake via bakery food and its energy contribution in Beijing and Guangzhou city.METHODS Bak-ery food sa mples were collected in 201 1 ,standard GC-method were used to determine TFA content,da-ta of TFA content were analyzed by t-test to evaluate for statistically significant differences.Si mple distri-bution model(determinative risk assess ment)of TFA intake was used to calculate individual TFA intake per day(g·d -1 ,% of total energy)in different populations(grouped by ages).RESULTS Average TFA content was ranging fro m 0.01 to 0.83 g /100 g sa mple in various kinds of bakery food.TFA con-tents were equal to or lower than 0.3 g /100 g in 77.1 % of biscuits,71 .8% of bread,67.0% of pas-tries.Wafer biscuit,sandwich biscuit,puff,cake,and croissants had higher TFA contents than others, and the level was 0.65 -0.83 g /100 g sa mple.TFA content in sandwich biscuit and pie decreased sig-nificantly after 2007.Average TFA intake via bakery food was 0.049 g·d -1 in Beijing and Guangzhou city,energy contribution was 0.027% which was far below the WHO reco mmended level (1 %). Population that are 3 to 6 years old had highest TFA intake and the TFA energy contribution was 0.041 %.CONCLUSION Most of bakery products in China contained low levels of TFA;consequently, health risk caused by TFA intake in Beijing and Guangzhou was unlikely to be a concerned.However, so me type of bakery foods had higher TFA contents which could be of greater concerned for risk management.

Objective To identify the determinants of average length of stay of 16 upper first-class general hospitals from 2000 to 2007.Methods Relative data of 16 upper first-class general hospitals from 2000 to 2007 were collected, and descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were employed to explore the determinants of average length of stay. Results Operation ratio and days before operation of inpatients, ratio of salary to medical income, ratio of doctors to nurses, successful rescue rate in emergency, number of operation tables and staff had impact on average length of stay. Conclusion Resource allocation should be optimized, health care quality be enhanced, reasonable salary scheme be designed, and rational medical insurance policies be implemented in hospitals to shorten average length of stay.

Objective To comprehensively evaluate the competitiveness of hospitals so as to provide objective referrences for the long-term development. Methods Competitiveness evaluation index system and evaluation model were established. Using related data of 2007, 16 hospitals nationwide were evaluated and factor scores and comprehensive scores were obtained by means of factor analysis. Results Four factors were extracted, which were "technical efficiency factor", "economic income factor", "sustainable development factor" and "resource allocation factor". All hospitals were ranked by each factor score and comprehensive score. Conclusion Each hospital has its advantages and disadvantages, therefore, hospital managers should constitute individual development strategy accordingly.