PBL,problem based learning,is a kind of teaching model for resolving problems. Based on the present teaching situation of our university,my experience in NewYork University and my teaching experience for overseas students,this article elucidated the importance and necessity of PBL teaching model in overseas student education and put forward a suitable PBL teaching method.

Prevalence of dislipidemia is increasing rapidly in China and there has been a growing interest in Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of hyperlipidemia both inside and outside China. In this article, lipids regulating effects of 9 herbs or their extracts and 5 herbal formulae which have been published in English-language literature are reviewed. Although evidence from animals and humans consistently supports the therapeutic activities of these Chinese herbal medicines, few multi-center large-scale clinical trials have been conducted to confirm the efficacy and evaluate their safety.

Objective:Got high purity dendritic cells from PBMC recovered from one time used no leukocytes transfusion apparatus.Methods:Rinsed PBMC with natural salt water from one time used no leukocytes transfusion apparatus and induced PBMC with GM-CSF and IL-4.Results:Got 5.1?10 7 PBMC from every one time used no leukocytes transfusion apparatus and 4.7?10 6 DCs with a purity of 96.9% were obtained.These DCs express CD86(96.1%)?CD40(88.9%)?CD83(91.6%)?HLA-DR(92.9%)?HLA-ABC(99%)?CD54(97.5%) highly and a few number of these DCs could stimulate proliferation of allogeneic mixed leukocyte reactions strongly.Conclusion:The results of this research supplied basic data for further research of DC and its clinical application.

This paper deals with the analysis of the phospholipids and fatty acids in Hippocomnpus kelloggi Jordan et Synder, H. Histrix Kaup, II. trimaculalus Leach, II. kuda Bleeder, II. japonicus Kaup, Solenognathus hardwickii(Gray), Syngnathoides biacufcatus(Bloch) and Tracliyrliamphus serralus (Temminck &. Schlegel).The total phospholipids were extracted with Folch solvent and determined by molybdate blue spec-trophotometric method. The result showed that the contents of total phospholipids in these spccimins were 2. 56-7. 82mg/g.The nine kinds of phospholipid standards of absorbance proportional coefficient were detected in this paper. The phospholipid components were separated and determined by using thin - layer chro-matographic method and Vaskovsky solvent as a specific spray reagent. The quantitative analysis of the distribution of various phospholipids components in these specimen ts were carried out, by using TLC scanning and the corrective method of absorbance proportional coefficient. The resut showed that the Hippocampus contains about five phospholipids: lysophosphatidylcholine, sphingornyelin, phophatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylethanolamine. The phosphatidylserine , phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidic acid were more in Syugnathus than in Hippocampus, But in all these specimens, the main phospholipid components were lysophos- phatidylcholine, sphingornyelin and phosphatidylcholine.Fourteen fatty acid compositions in these specimens were analysed by GC -MS -DS. The result showed that the main fatty acid were hexadecanoic acid, 9 - octadecenoic acid, 8,11- octadeca-dienoic acid and 1,7,10,13,16,19 - docosahexaenoic acid.

Objective To find the efficient modification groups of anti-proteinase hydrolyzation in polypeptide by investigat-ing and comparing the relation between the functional groups and their ability to inhibit proteinase hydrolyzation. Methods Reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography(RP-HPLC)method was developed to investigate in vitro metabolisms of new drug LXT101 and its structural modified analogs LZN series and LMP series in pancreatin system. All the separations of peptide drugs and their digested fragments were monitored at 225 nm. Results The good linear range was 4.0-400 μg/ml(r>0.9990)for new drug LXT101 and its structural modified analogs,i.e.,LZN series and LMP series. The recoveries of all peptide drugs ranged from 95.0%to 98.7%in pancreatin systems. The relative standard derivations(RSD)of intra-day and inter-day were less than 1.5%and 2.5%,re-spectively. The revealed order of digested half-life of the peptide drugs was LZN series>LMP series>LXT101. Conclusion The study of different sites and different functional groups on the lifetime indicates that the half-lives of peptides are prolonged by introducing the functional groups in the suitable sites of peptide,which feature as proteinase inhibitors,such as carbamoyl(Cbm),acetyl(Ac),para-amino-phenylalanine(Aph)or para-uramido-phenylalanine(Uph),which work as either proton donor or acceptor. Our results can pro-vide some useful and valuable information on structural design of peptide drug with long lifetime and high activity.

Objective To explore the related risk factors of renal function after partial nephrectomy,and provide the reference for clin-ic. Methods The data of 31 patients with small renal cancer in our hospital from January 2010 to June 2014 were analyzed. Before and after the treatment,the relationship of renal glomerular filtration rate ( GFR) with the change and clinical pathological factors were analyzed,the single factor analysis used t test,multiple factors analysis adopted multi-factor unconditioned logistic regression analysis. Results Single fac-tor analysis results showed that renal function after partial nephrectomy was closely related to the age,diabetes mellitus,blocking time,the size of the tumor,renal volume reduction ratio,the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05). Many factors of logistic regression showed that it was closely related to the age,blocking time,renal volume reduction ratio(P<0. 05). Conclusion The age,blocking time,renal vol-ume reduction ratio are risk factors for renal function after partial nephrectomy.

Objective To study the influence of combined spinal-epidural anesthesia on perioperative coagulation function,RAAS activity and postoperative analgesia effect in parturients with cesarean section.Methods One hundred and eighteen parturients of cesarean section in our hospital from June 2013 to January 2016 were collected and divided into the observation group and control group according to the random number table method,59 cases in each group.The observation group received the combined spinal-epidural anesthesia and the control group received epidural anesthesia.The coagulation function indicators on preoperative 1 d (T0),at 10 min before operation end(T1) and postoperative 6 h (T2) were detected by adopting the automatic blood coagulation analyzer,the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) function indices were detectd by radioimmunoassay.The pain indicators at postoperative 6 h(T2),12 h (T3) were detected by the pain threshold test instrument.Results The levels of prothrombin time(PT),activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and thrombin time (TT) at T1 and T2 in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group,while the PTA level was lower than that in the control group(P<0.05);serum RAAS indices such as (renin),angiotensin Ⅱ(ANG II) aldosterone(ALD) in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The VAS score at T2,T3 in the observation group was lower than that in the control group,while the pain threshold and pain tolerance threshold levels in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Combined spinal-epidural anesthesia can reduce the blood coagulation and RAAS activation caused by cesarean section trauma,and the effect of postoperative analgesia is more significant.

Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) is a breakthrough in the field of hepatobiliary surgery.The remnant liver regeneration was stimulated during the first stage of the operation,and the radical resection of the tumor could be successfully carried out during the second stage of the operation.ALPPS is a new approach for patients with tumor which is previously considered unresectable during one hospital stay.In April 2014,a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the right liver and liver cirrhosis was admitted to the Southwest Hospital.Preoperative examination confirmed that the ratio of the remnant liver volume to the standard liver volume was 26.9％,which indicated that the patient was inappropriate to receive radical resection of HCC.Therefore,totally laparoscopic ALPPS was applied.In the first stage of the operation,the portal vein ligation associated with liver hanging tape placement and in situ splitting of liver were carried out after hanging the Glisson's pedicle under the laparoscope.Thirteen days after the first stage of the operation,the ratio of the remnant liver volume to the standard liver volume was 40.6％.The second stage of the operation was carried out 14 days after the first stage of the operation.The right hepatic pedicle and right hepatic vein were transected with a stapler.The tumor was removed after full mobilization of the right liver.The distance between the resection margin to the tumor was 1.5 cm.No complications were detected after the first stage of the operation,while the patient was complicated with pleural effusion after the second stage of the operation and was cured by pleural puncture and drainage.The patient was discharged at postoperative day 9 and followed up at postoperative month 1.The results of follow-up confirmed that the hepatic function was normal,and no mass occupying lesions and pleural effusion were detected.Totally laparoscopic ALPPS is safe and feasible with satisfactory short-term efficacy.

An on-site method for the determination of sulfur mustard ( SM) was developed based on pinhole shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. By using 0. 1 mol/L MgSO4 as effective agglomeration reagent, more Raman “hot spots” were induced, and thus a limit of detection for SM at 10 μg/L was achieved with a linearity of 10-1000 μg/L and an analytical enhanced factor of 1. 1×106. This method can be directly applied in the measurement of SM in environmental water samples with good sensitivity and reproducibility, and the standard addition recovery was between 88%-114%. Good differentiation of four SM related compounds, 2-chloroethyl ethylsulfide, thiodiglycol, bis-β-chloroethyl sulphoxide and bis-β-chloroethyl sulphone, was also obtained.

Objective:To search for proteins interacting with ARA267-? with the yeast two-hybrid system in order to further investigate the function of ARA267-?. Methods:We screened a pretransformed human brain cDNA library with the pGBKT7-PHD-SET recombinant plasmid as a bait which express four PHD(plant homeodomain) and one SET[Su(var)3-9, Enhancer-of-zeste, Trithorax] conserved domains in ARA267-?.The plasmids in positive yeast clones were selectively identified by restriction analysis and DNA sequencing. The interactions were retested by yeast two-hybrid assay. Results: There were about six hundreds positive yeast clones on SD/-Ade/-His/-Leu/-Trp/2.5 mmol/L 3-AT/ X-?-Gal high-stringency selection plates. The pACT2-cDNA plasmids in sixty-five yeast clones were isolated and thirty-five cDNA inserts were sequenced. Sixteen different genes,including DR6(death receptor-6), PIAS3 (protein inhibitor of activated STAT3)and RanBPM(Ran-binding protein in the microtubule-organizing center), were identified after BLAST in GenBank. The yeast two-hybrid retest showed that all but RanBPM were true interactors of ARA267-?-PHD-SET. Conclusion: The ARA267-?-PHD-SET can interact with several distinct proteins. This suggests that ARA267-? is a protein having multiple functions. RanBPM might be a transcriptional factor.