Based on the present situation analysis of nursing experimental teaching for undergraduate,reform was carried out through our innovating experimental teaching philosophy,integrating experimental teaching curriculum,compiling experimental teaching materials,establishing experimental teaching inspection and assessment system and consummating management mechanism of experimental teaching center,and some developing thoughts were also proposed.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of Xuanfei Zhike Pingchuan decoction combined with budesonide in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD).Methods84 patients with AECOPD in our hospital from June 2014 to June 2016 were selected and randomly divided into the observation group and the control group.The control group was given budesonide and the observation group on the basis of the control group was given Xuanfei Zhike Pingchuan decoction.The clinical efficacy, the levels of inflammatory cytokines and pulmonary function were compared between the two groups.ResultsThe total effective rate for clinical treatment in the observation group was significantly higher than the control group(P<0.05).The levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the observation group after treatment were significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05),while the levels of FEV1% and FEV1/FVC were obviously higher than the control group (P<0.05).ConclusionXuanfei Zhike Pingchun decoction combined with budesonide on ARCOPD has a significantly curative effect and can effectively improve the inflammatory response and recovery of pulmonary function.

Objective To study the effect of method for activating blood circulation, removing blood stasis and resolving phlegm on hypercoagulable state and cardiopulmonary function in patients with COPD and pulmonary heart disease.Methods68 cases of patients with COPD and pulmonary heart disease treated in our hospital were enrolled in the study.According to different treatment methods, they were divided two group.Both groups were treated with routine western medicine and the study group were additionally treated by method for activating blood circulation, removing blood stasis and resolving phlegm.The curative effect was compared between the two groups.ResultsThe condition of respiratory and cardiac insufficiency in the study group was significantly better than that in the control group (P<0.05).The total effective rate of treatment in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group (94.12% vs 76.47%) (P<0.05).The PT and APTT in the study group were significantly longer than those in the control group, and FIB was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05).ConclusionThe method for activating blood circulation, removing blood stasis and resolving phlegm is effective in the treatment of patients with COPD and pulmonary heart disease.The method can effectively improve the cardiopulmonary function and relieve the hypercoagulable state in patients.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG)on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)and fungal infection.Methods Seventy-two COPD patients with fungal infection were randomly and equally divided into conventional and intervention group.Patients in conventional group were treated with common schedule for COPD plus antifungal agents;patients in intervention group received 1 0 g/d IVIG besides routine therapy.Length of hospital stay and prognosis were recorded,and therapeutic effectiveness were evaluated. Results The effectiveness rate of intervention group was significantly higher than that of conventional group ([88.89%,32/36]vs [66.67%,24/36]);the average length of hospital stay was significantly shorter than conven-tional group ([12.62±7.51]d vs [20.81±6.92]d),and mortality was lower than conventional group ([5.56%, 2/36]vs [22.22%,8/36]),the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion IVIG for treating COPD with invasive pulmonary fungal infection can improve therapeutic efficacy,shorten length of hospital stay and decrease mortality rate.

Objective To evaluate invitro antibacterial activity of Gymnema sylvestre extractant.Methods The antibacterial activity of Gymnema sylvestre extractant against staphyloccus aureus,bacillus coli,bacillus proteus,bacillus aeruginosus was detected by agar dilution method.Results The minimum inhibitory concentration were 0.65,1.25,1.25,2.5 mg/mL respectively.Conclusion Gymnema sylvestre extractant had strong antibacterial activity against various bacteria.

Objective To evaluate the role of 5-HT1A receptors in distal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-contacting neurons in neuropathic pain (NP) in rats. Methods Forty male SD rats weighing 230-270 g were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 8 each): sham operation group (group S); NP group; dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group and 8-OH-DPAT (a specific 5-HT1A receptor agonist) group. NP was induced by chronic constrictive injury (CCI) in groups NP, DMSO and 8-OH-DPAT. Four silk ligatures were placed on the sciatic nerve at 1 mm intervals . In group S, the sciatic nerve was exposed but not ligated. 8-OH-DPAT and DMSO 1 μl were injected into the region where most of CSF-contacting neurons are present over 5 min on 7th day after CCI in groups 8-OH-DPAT and DMSO respectively. Paw withdrawal latency (PWL) and paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) were measured before CCI, on 7th day after CCI, and at 3 and 6 h after administration. The rats were sacrificed 6 h after administration, and the brain tissues removed for determination of the expression of 5-HT1A receptors in the distal CSF-contacting neurons by immunofluorescence. Results Compared with group S, PWL was significantly shorten and PWT decreased at T, in groups NP, DMSO and 8-OH- DPAT (P ＜ 0.01) . Compared with group DMSO, PWL was significantly prolonged and PWT increased at T2 and T3 in group 8-OH-DPAT ( P ＜ 0.01). The 5-HT1A receptor expression was significantly down-regulated in groups NP and DMSO compared with group S, while up-regulated in group 8-OH-DPAT compared with groups NP and DMSO ( P ＜ 0.01). There was no significant difference in 5-HT1A receptor expression between groups NP and DMSO ( P ＞ 0.05). Conclusion 5-HT1A receptors in distal CSF-contacting neurons are involved in the regulation of NP in rats.

Objective To prepare a novel nano-suspension of niclosamide ethanolamine and evaluate its molluscicidal effect. Methods Niclosamide ethanolamine and stabilizing agent—polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide. After the solution was added into water under fast stirring, niclosamide ethanolamine was quickly precipitated to form nanoparticles and nano-suspension was obtained. The weight ratio of PVP to niclosamide ethanolamine, concentration, temperature, stirring speed on the size and distribution of the nanoparticles were investigated. The molluscicidal effect of niclosamide ethanolamine nano-suspension was measured by immersion and spray methods in the laboratory and field. Results When the weight ratio of PVP to niclosamide ethanolamine was from 1∶2 to 1∶3, the nanoparticles of the niclosamide ethanolamine had diameters about 100 nm and the nano-suspension was stable without agglomerating for more than 1 month; as the speed of the stirring increased, the nanoparticles prepared became smaller and more stable. LC50 of the nano-suspension was 0.0544 mg/L but the LC50 of wettable powder of niclosamide ethanolamine salt (WPN) was 0.1250 mg/L. In the field immersion and spray tests, the concentration of nano-suspension as only 1/5 of active content of WPN achieved the same molluscicidal effect with WPN. Conclusions The nano-suspension has higher molluscicidal effect than WPN and the novel formulation of niclosamide has more advantages than WPN, it is useful for snail control in the field.

Objective To evaluate the toxicity of suspension concentrate of niclosamide(SCN)for molluscicide in the field.Methods According to the state standard of the People's Republic of China "The methods of toxicity test for agriculture register",GB15670-1995,the experiments of acute toxicity on rats and fish were carried out.Results LD50(s)of SCN via mouth and skin with rats were more than 5 000 mg/kg respectively,and LC50(s)of SCN via inbreathe with rats were more than 5 000 mg/m3.Based on the classification of appraising criterion on acute toxicity test,it belonged to a feebleness toxicity degree.The eye and the skin stimulating tests with rabbits showed that it did not irritate the eyes and the skin.For fish,its acute toxicity was slightly lower than that of pure niclosamide,and markedly lower than that of pure niclosamide ethanolamine salt and WPN.Conclusions SCN belongs to a feebleness toxicity degree and has a lower toxicity to fish.It should be a useful molluscicide in endemic areas of schistosomiasis.

Objective To develop a novel suspension concentrate of niclosamide (SCN) and evaluate its characteristics and molluscicidal effect against Oncomelania snails. Methods Niclosamide was milled by a sand granule mill and mixed with different amounts of wetting agent, dispersant agent, thickener, and water etc., to develop suspension concentrates, and its dispersion, suspensibility and stability were evaluated. According to the results of evaluation the best recipe and quality indexes for producing SCN were selected. The molluscicidal effects against Oncomelania snails were tested under lab condition and in field. Results The novel SCN contained 25% niclosamide (w/w), 1.5%-2.0% wetting agent (RS 3), 4% dispersant (FS 2), 0.10% thickener, a litte of other agent and water. The quality indexes which the SCN reached were as following: the content of niclosamide was more than 25%(w/w); the suspensibal rate was more than 90%; the pH was from 4 to 7; the size of more than 98% granules of niclosamide was smaller than 44?m; the thickener was smaller than 600 mpa.s. The SCN was very stable when it was stored in high or in low temperature. Under lab condition the LC 50 concentrations of SCN by the immersion method for 24, 48 and 72 hours were 0.0474 mg/L, 0.0412 mg/L and 0.0412 mg/L respectively while the LC 50 concentrations of 50% wettable powder of niclosamide (WPN) were 0.0947 mg/L, 0.0583 mg/L and 0.0442 mg/L. In the field death rates of the snails sprayed with 2.0 g/(L?m 2 ) of 25% SCN after 3, 7 and 15 days were 95.77%, 99.07%, 97.09% while the death rates of the snails sprayed with 2.0 g/(L?m 2 )of 50% WPN were 97.37%, 95.17% and 97.41%. Conclusion SCN had stable quality and high molluscicidal effect against Oncomelania snails, and it was suitable to be used in the field. The molluscicidal effect using 2.0 g/(L? m 2 ) of 25% SCN was similar with that using 2.0 g/(L?m 2) of 50% WPN.

Objective To analyze the diagnostic methods of Achilles tendon rupture by MRI.Methods All 16 cases with Achilles tendon rupture were examined with sagital T 1,2 WI and axial T 1WI imaging.4 cases were appended Gd-DTPA enhancement.6 cases were followed up with MRI after 6～8 weeks.Results MRI appearance of Achilles tendon rupture represented Achilles tendon thickening,decrescent ratio of wide/vertical survey,hyperintensity in tendon,discontinuous fibrous bundle,fluid collected around tendon comparing with of normal Achilles tendon.Conclusion MRI is an valuable tool for the diagnosis of Achilles tendon rupture.