Peripherally inserted central catheter(PICC) is now often used in pediatric patients.PICC is easily inserted,safe,and cost-effective.Although it has many benefits,physicians and nurses remain acutely aware of the problem involved with placement of PICC lines.This review is about the research progress of PICC line related problems.

An automatic control system was designed to suppress pathological tremor on wrist joint with two degrees of freedom (DoF) using functional electrical stimulation (FES). The tremor occurring in the wrist flexion-extension and adduction-abduction was expected to be suppressed. A musculoskeletal model of wrist joint was developed to serve as the control plant, which covered four main muscles (extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi ulnaris, flexor carpi radialis, and flexor carpi ulnaris). A second-order mechanical impedance model was used to describe the wrist skeletal dynamics. The core work was to design the controller and a hybrid control strategy was proposed, which combined inverse model based on feed forward control and linear quadratic regulator (LQR) optimal control. Performance of the system was tested under different input conditions (step signal, sinusoidal signal, and real data of a patient)., The results indicated that the proposed hybrid controller could attenuate over 94% of the tremor amplitude on multi-DoF wrist joint.
Electric Stimulation ; Humans ; Muscle, Skeletal ; physiopathology ; Tremor ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Wrist ; Wrist Joint ; physiopathology

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World Health Organization believes traditional Chinese medicine is used widely in the world. In order to fit in the new tendency, Chinese government has supported a large number of international cooperation projects of science and technology in the field in the recent years and that offered powerful support and good chances for international development of traditional Chinese medicine. Based on work experience of international science and technology cooperation project, the paper provides practical suggestions about application organizing, agreement signing, focus selecting and project implementing for international cooperation of traditional Chinese medicine. It suggests summarizing the experience of international cooperation for better implementation of science and technology projects frequently, and that will elevate the level of these projects, bring forward more achievements and promote the further international development of traditional Chinese medicine.

This article systematically introduced the development of Smart Healthcare mode in Hangzhou. From the aspects of connotation, pattern, characteristics and the change of medical treatment mode, the authors pointed out that the development of Smart Healthcare must follow such principles as satisfaction of the people, enhanced inter-departmental synergy, government-guided social participation, and full involvement of medical workers.

Objective To examine cognitive function of the HIV/AIDS patients in the hospitals measured by the neuropsychological tests battery,make an evaluation of cognitive function of the HIV/AIDS patients,and diagnose the patients with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders(HAND).Methods Ninety-nine normal individuals and two hundred and thirty HIV/AIDS inpatients,who were sampled by multi-stage random stratified in Guangxi,were tested by the 12 items of the neuropsychological tests.Results HIV / AIDS patients with abnormal neuropsychological test entries proportion ranges located between 21.3％-58.7 ％.The results of 12 items of the neuropsychological tests were associated with the results of clinical diagnosis.Among them,the results of SC time,SCW time,color attachment,and numbers of the contiguous error in WSCT tests were positively associated with the results of clinical diagnosis,and the correlation coefficient were 0.384,0.335,0.237 and 0.129,respectively.There was a negative correlation between the results of the rest assessment and the results of clinical diagnosis ; vocabulary fluency was the highest correlation coefficient,while numbers of the contiguous error in WSCT tests was the lowest.Conclusion A higher proportion of abnormal occurrence of Guangxi HIV / AIDS patients in the 12 neuropsychological test entry,and affect the subjects with or without HIV-related neurological assessment of cognitive impairment.The data suggest that a full neuropsychological tests can be better used for the preliminary study of the HIV ±/AIDS patients neurocognitive function.

Objective To evalute Qiliqiangxin capsule for improving cardiac function and identifiy Qiliqiangxin capsule for directing cytoprotective effects against apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. Methods Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were tested as subjects and the model rats were built by anterior descending coronary deligation, then the survival rats were devided into 6 groups randomly:sham-operated group(sham,n=8),fed with normal saline of same volume instead;control group(control,n=7),fed with normal saline of same volume instead;Qiliqiangxin great dosage group(great,n=9),Qiliqiangxin 1.2g/(kg?d) treatment;Qiliqiangxin medium dosage group(medium,n=9),Qiliqiangxin 0.6g/(kg?d) treatment;Qiliqiangxin small dosage group(small,n=8 rats),Qiliqiangxin 0.3g/(kg?d) treatment;the captopril group(captopril,n=9),captopril 25mg/(kg?d) treatment.24 hours later,rats in sham operated group and model group were given normal saline,rats in treating group were given Qiliqiangxin,rats in the contrasting group were given captopril.After being treated for 4 weeks, all rats′ heart function was measruated by right flank arteria carotis communis arterial cannula.The left ventricle mass index was calculated and the expression of protein caspase-3 was tested by immunohistochemical method and Westernblot. Results Compared with control group, Qiliqiangxin capsule could reduce effectively BW,HMI,LVMI,increase LVEDP and LVSP,+dp/dtmax and -dp/dtmax.Immunohistochemical analysis and Westernblot analysis showed that adminstration of Qiliqiangxin significantly inhibited caspase-3 expressions in myocardial cells in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion Qiliqiangxin significantly improved the CHF rat′s cardiac function and reduced the left ventricle mass index and heart mass index 4 weeks after being treated with relative high dose Qiliqiangxin. It might be partially attributed to the suppression of caspase-3 expressions.

Objective To formulate a scientific and reasonable evaluation model of post competency ,and to provide references for selection ,training and evaluation of orthodontic assistant specialist in china .Methods Items of competency for orthodontic as‐sistant specialist were established basing on semi structured interviewing and literature research ,and then Delphi technique was used to consult 22 orthodontic experts .The collected data was analyzed by SPSS 19 .0 .Results The positive coefficient for two round specialist survey was 95 .45% after two round specialist survey ,the authority coefficient was 0 .865 ,as well as the values of significant test for coordinate coefficient opinions were P<0 .01 .The evaluation competency model for orthodontic assistant special‐ist was consisted of entry requirements and evaluation system including 4primary indicators ,15secondary indicators .Conclusion The evaluation competency model is reliable and valid ,which can provide reference for selection ,training and evaluation of ortho‐dontic assistant specialist .

Objective The research aimed to identify symptom clusters of head and neck cancer (HNC) patients.Methods The M.D.Anderson Symptom Inventory-Head & Neck (MDASI-H&N) was applied to measure symptoms of 247 HNC inpatients.Factor analysis was applied to identify symptom clusters.The Spearman correlation analysis was used to find the relationship of symptoms within symptom clusters.Results Five clusters were identified and the Cronbach's α coefficients of symptom clusters were 0.904,0.928,0.898,0.815 and 0.662 respectively.Symptoms within clusters were all significantly interrelated to each other (r=0.393-0.856,P＜0.01).Conclusions Symptoms of HNC patients tend to occur not in isolation,but in symptom clusters.Effective management can not only eliminate or alleviate the symptom burden of HNC patients,but also be cost-effective.

The teaching quality,clinical case teaching,innovations consciousness of teacher are three important items in how to develop students' creation thinking during the course of otolaryngology.